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SPINEL SRFE₂O₄ NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION POTENTIAL
Get PDFSpinel SrFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a simple and cost-effective microwave heating method. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The XRD, EDX, and FT-IR analyses confirmed the formation of a pure single-phase spinel structure with no secondary phase impurities. SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles exhibit a predominantly spherical morphology. Magnetic measurements performed using VSM indicated superparamagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization (Ms) value of 0.153 emu/g for the SrFe₂O₄ nanoparticles
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE (KAP) REGARDING CHILDHOOD OBESITY AMONG MOTHERS RESIDING IN SELECTED RURAL AREAS
Get PDFChildhood obesity has emerged as a significant public health issue, necessitating effective strategies to foster awareness among mothers who play a crucial role in their children's dietary habits and lifestyle choices. Research underscores that understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers regarding childhood obesity is vital for developing preventive measures and interventions.Studies reveal that a substantial number of mothers possess inadequate knowledge about childhood obesity. For instance, a study conducted in Tamil Nadu, India, found that only 1% of the surveyed mothers had adequate knowledge about controlling childhood obesity, while the majority exhibited moderate understanding (Deepika et al., 2020). Similarly, in a study conducted in Tanzania, awareness about obesity and its implications was limited among parents, highlighting the need for targeted educational interventions (Muhihi et al., 2015). Proper knowledge about dietary practices, exercise, and obesity-related health risks is essential, as mothers often influence their children's eating behaviors and physical activities (Hudaib et al., 2024).
 
Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Macaranga peltata Leaf Extracts
Get PDFThis study aims to assess and compare the phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial activity of various crude extracts derived from fresh Macaranga peltata leaves. The extracts were prepared using different organic solvents, including methanol, ethyl acetate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Antioxidant activity was quantified using DPPH and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays, while antibacterial properties were tested using agar disc diffusion method. Phytochemical screening revealed that the methanolic extract showed more positive results compared to those obtained with ethyl acetate and DMSO extracts. In terms of antioxidant activity, the crude extracts followed the order: methanol > ethyl acetate > DMSO. Similarly, the methanolic extract demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity, outperforming the other two solvent extracts. Overall, the methanol extract exhibited the highest bioactivity among the solvents tested. GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract identified twelve phytochemical constituents. In conclusion, crude extracts from fresh M. peltata leaves, especially those prepared with methanol, show promise as potential sources of new antioxidant and antibacterial agents
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER AND COPPER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST E. COLI IN CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Get PDFThe rise of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in catheter-associated urinary tract infections necessitates the exploration of new treatment strategies. This study examined the antibacterial efficacy of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles against E. coli isolates obtained from CAUTIs. Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated notable resistance to frequently prescribed antibiotics, underscoring the critical need for alternative treatment modalities. Silver nanoparticles, measuring approximately 6.66 nm, demonstrated potent antibacterial activity, producing inhibition zones ranging from 11 mm to 19 mm at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Conversely, copper oxide nanoparticles, with an average size of 39.64 nm, exhibited moderate antibacterial effects, especially at higher concentrations. The superior efficacy of AgNPs is attributed to their smaller size, larger surface area-to-volume ratio, and increased reactivity. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the morphology and elemental composition of the nanoparticles. These findings indicate that AgNPs have significant potential as an alternative treatment for E. coli-induced CAUTIs with increasing antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, further research is essential to refine nanoparticle formulations and investigate their genetic and molecular interactions, emphasizing the continuous effort required from the scientific community in this area
Enhancing Ornamental Fish Health and Aquaculture Sustainability: A Review on the Role of Probiotics in Disease Resistance, Gut Health, and Growth Performance
Get PDFOrnamental fish farming, a burgeoning industry, faces challenges related to fish health, disease management, and environmental impacts. This review explores the potential of probiotics, particularly strains of Lactobacillus and Bacillus, to address these challenges by enhancing fish health, growth performance, and disease resistance. Probiotics offer an environmentally sustainable alternative to traditional antibiotics, facilitating improved nutrient absorption, optimizing gut health, and reducing pathogenic infections. Despite their benefits, variability in effectiveness across fish species and environmental conditions suggests the need for tailored probiotic formulations. This review emphasizes the mechanisms through which probiotics improve aquaculture outcomes, including enzymatic activity, immune modulation, and competitive exclusion. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges and future directions for optimizing probiotic use in aquaculture, aiming to promote sustainability while minimizing ecological impact. These insights support the integration of probiotics as a viable strategy for advancing ornamental fish farming and achieving more sustainable aquaculture practices
IMPROVED INFORMATION COMMUNICATION METHODOLOGY WITH SECURED BACKUP CONFINED NODES FORWSN DESIGN
Get PDFWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly utilized in critical monitoring applications, yet their constrained resources and deployment in hostile environments make them vulnerable to security threats and data loss. This paper proposes an Enhanced Secured Data Transmission Methodology (ESDTM) integrated with Backup Protected Nodes (BPNs) to ensure reliable and secure data delivery across the network. The proposed approach incorporates lightweight encryption for secure communication and a dynamic backup node allocation mechanism to mitigate the impact of node failures or malicious attacks. Simulation results demonstrate that ESDTM with BPNs significantly improves packet delivery rate, reduces data loss, and enhances energy efficiency compared to conventional WSN protocols. This methodology is particularly suitable for mission-critical WSN applications, offering improved fault tolerance and security assurance
FORMULATION OF FIBER RICH TORTILLA CHIPS (SNACK) USING PSYLLIUM HUSK
Get PDFSnacks are a convenient substitute for traditional meals. Corn flour is the traditional ingredient used to make tortilla chips. The high calcium, iron, and dietary fiber content of Ragi makes it stand out. The utilization of Psyllium husk in various cultures has been traditional for its medicinal purposes. A rise in the consumption of healthy foods is necessary to lower the risks of chronic diseases. The aim of this research was to create a snack product that is rich in fiber. The objective of this research was to develop a tortilla chip that has a high amount of nutrients by incorporating Psyllium husk. The experiment involved making tortilla chips by substituting corn flour with Psyllium husk in different proportions. After preparing Tortilla chips, the sensory quality was assessed. In this investigation, attempts have been made to develop fried snacks from corn, ragi, psyllium husk, red chili powder, salt, and turmeric etc. Tortilla chips were prepared using the methodology provided by Bage V. R. et al, (2023). Two steps were involved in the preparation process: masa flour preparation and tortilla chip preparation. Tortilla Chips were deep-fat fried by using cottonseed oil at 180℃ for 2-3 min in a fryer. The sensory analysis led to the formulation of a composite flour that contains corn and ragi in an 80:20 ratio to supplement tortilla chips. The inclusion of Psyllium husk (3%) resulted in the addition of nutritional value and improved the quality of tortilla chips. Thus, the study succeeded in creating fiber-rich tortilla chips that have a good nutritional profile. Nutritionally and health-wise, the developed product was superior to standard tortilla chips. The future market would be greatly influenced by fiber-rich tortilla chips
TransFocalCAD: A Hybrid Transformer-CNN Architecture with Multi-Scale Attention for Enhanced Medical Image Detection and Segmentation
Get PDFAccurate detection and segmentation of medical images are critical for early diagnosis and treatment planning. Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer strong local feature extraction capabilities, while transformers have demonstrated remarkable global context modeling. In this study, we propose TransFocalCAD, a novel hybrid architecture that integrates the strengths of both CNNs and transformers, enhanced with a multi-scale attention mechanism. The proposed model leverages CNN-based modules for capturing fine-grained local features and transformer encoders for understanding long-range dependencies across spatial dimensions. The multi-scale attention framework dynamically refines feature maps at various resolutions, thereby improving contextual awareness and boundary delineation. Extensive experiments conducted on benchmark medical imaging datasets, including CT and MRI scans, demonstrate that TransFocalCAD significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation accuracy, detection precision, and computational efficiency. The results underscore the potential of hybrid architectures with multi-scale attention in advancing the performance of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems
MICRO MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MURDANNIA SPECIES
Get PDFThe study of micro-morphological characterization, which involves examining the microscopic features of plant parts, is essential for accurate species identification and key preparation, especially in taxonomically complex groups like Murdannia. Given this background, Murdannia species were collected and maintained in a botanical garden for further study. A proper herbarium specimen was identified using a standard reference book and the Flora of Maharashtra (1996). Micro-morphological characterization of 4 different species of Murdannia–viz. Murdannia gigantea (Vahl) G. Bruckn, Murdannia lanuginosa (Wall.) G. Bruckn, Murdannia Nudiflora (L.) Brenan, and Murdannia semiteres (Dalzell) Santapau were done based on different external characters and flower morphology. using SPSS V.20, conducted a correlation (dissimilarity matrix - Euclidean Distance) between 4 different species of Murdannia. Correlation shows how the Murdannia species are near to each other or vary from each other based on morphology. This study will help the researchers identify the correct species of Murdannia. The proximity matrix shows the difference between the four species
The Psychology Of Travel Behaviour In The Select Novels Of Emilybarr
Get PDFThe psychology of travel behaviour is a complex field that examines the cognitive, emotional, and social factors influencing an individual’s travel decisions and activities. This area of study may seek to comprehend the reasons behind their travel choices, planning processes, the motivations driving their journeys, and the overall travel experience. The psychology of travel behaviour continues to evolve, as global mobility increases and societal values shift. “Traveling tends to magnify all human emotions.” asserts Peter Hoeg, a Danish writer, unveiling the individual’s genuine reactions, preferences, and abilities amid travelling