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A Unified Spatial–Healing Threshold Model Explaining Minor Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Full text linkMinor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common, painful, and self-limiting disorder of the oral mucosa characterized by episodic ulceration, a strong predilection for non-keratinized sites, spontaneous healing, and migratory recurrence. Despite extensive investigation, prevailing trauma-based, immune-centric, and nutritional models fail to account simultaneously for the sharply localized onset of lesions, their intermittent nature, and their tendency to shift between sites. Here, we propose a Unified Spatial–Healing Threshold Model in which ulceration arises only when two necessary conditions converge at the same site and time: (i) the dynamic formation of localized epithelial–immune weak points driven by cumulative subclinical mechanical microstrain, and (ii) a transient reduction in epithelial reparative capacity due to systemic modifiers such as psychological stress or functional hematinic insufficiency. Ulceration represents a nonlinear threshold phenomenon. It occurs when the rate of epithelial damage exceeds contemporaneous repair capacity. Subsequent epithelial renewal restores local resistance, while redistribution of mechanical forces generates new vulnerable sites, explaining spontaneous healing and site-shifting recurrence. This unified framework integrates mechanobiological, immunological, and healing-based theories into a single coherent and testable model with clear clinical and research implications
Bird Community Structure Reflecting the Health of Wetland; Evidence from Maharana Pratap Wetland, Richha, Faridpur, Northern India
Full text linkWetlands are important habitats for the water birds, generally used for food, breeding, nesting and foraging. Water birds are good indicators of ecosystem health. The present study was conducted from October 2024 to September 2025 in Maharana Pratap Wetland, Riccha, Faridpur Range, District Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. During the study period, a total of 38 bird species were found, of which most of the species were under the IUCN category of Least Concern. The Asian woolly-necked stork (Ciconia episcopus) and Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) belong to the near-threatened category, highlighting the importance of wetlands and their conservation value. Numerous winter visitors were also seen during the study, demonstrating the availability of food and habitat quality of the wetland. Diversity was higher in winter and post-monsoon but found lower during summers, indicating habitat stability. The presence of resident species throughout the year indicates habitat integrity. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index is high in winter and post-monsoon and lower in summer, reflecting the water availability and resource condition. The study provides the measures of the ecological importance of Maharana Pratap Wetland as a year-round habitat for the different bird populations, emphasizing the continued monitoring and conservation of the habitat.
KeywordsAvifaunal diversity; Wetland birds; Seasonal variation; Shannon–Wiener index; Maharana Pratap Wetland
PREVALENCE OF ORAL MUCOSAL LESION AMONG PATNA POPULATION – A SURVEY
Full text linkOral mucosa is an effective protective barrier and is commonly affected by lesions that may be innocuous to those that are malignant. Aim of this study was to study the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Patna population. Out of 2500 subjects, 1585 were males and 915 were females. The maximum number of participants were in the age group of 25-34 years. Habit of Cigarette smoking was found in 160 subjects. In smokeless form, Khaini in 435 and Gutkha habit in 320 subjects were seen. Oral mucosal lesions were present in 950 of which 335 lesions were non-tobacco users and 615 subjects were tobacco users. Tobacco pouch keratosis was seen in 240 subjects (29.81%) followed by OSMF in 145 (18.01%) among tobacco users. Lichen planus was the most common oral mucosal lesion in 85 subjects (5.01%) among non-tobacco users. The study population is predominantly male. Smokeless tobacco, particularly Khaini and Gutkha, is a significant concern in this population, while smoking tobacco and alcohol consumption are less prevalent. The presence of lesions in over one-third of the participants highlights a potential health issue within this population. There is a strong relationship between tobacco use and the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions.
KeywordsOral mucosal lesions, leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, Malignant lesions
ASSESSING PROFICIENCY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED NEONATAL & CHILDHOOD ILLNESS MANAGEMENT AMONG STAFF NURSES
Full text linkThe World Health Organization (WHO) has established the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) method as a cornerstone in the effort to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality rates among newborns and children. The successful implementation of IMNCI is contingent upon having skilled healthcare professionals who can provide critical referrals and high-quality care to sick infants and children. A recent study conducted at SRM MCH and RC Kattankulathur. assessed the understanding of IMNCI among staff nurses. Utilizing a structured knowledge questionnaire, data were collected from 100 nurses selected through convenience sampling in a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design. The results revealed alarming deficiencies in knowledge: 78% of the nurses demonstrated poor understanding, 22% had intermediate knowledge, and not a single nurse achieved an adequate level of comprehension. This stark reality highlights a profound knowledge gap that can no longer be ignored. Given the pivotal role that IMNCI plays in enhancing child healthcare, it is imperative that nursing staff receive urgent and targeted training as well as capacity-building programs. Furthermore, statistical analysis indicated no significant correlation between knowledge levels and demographic characteristics (p<0.05), emphasizing that the need for improvement transcends background factors. To bridge this critical knowledge gap, the study underscores the necessity for ongoing professional development and proactive policy measures. Strengthening IMNCI training for healthcare professionals is not just beneficial—it is essential for improving survival rates and health outcomes for our most vulnerable population: newborns and children. It’s time to prioritize this urgent need and invest in the future of child health.
KeywordsIMNCI, staff nurses, neonatal care, childhood illness, healthcare training, knowledge assessment
THE EFFECT OF PLYOMETRIC TRAINING VERSUS AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING ON BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AND CARDIOVASCULAR FITNESS IN OVERWEIGHT SCHOOL-GOING ADOLESCENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Full text linkBackground: Overweight and obesity are characterized by an excessive buildup of fat, which poses significant health hazards, including alterations in body mass index and reduced cardiovascular fitness. These conditions are increasingly prevalent among adolescents and warrant targeted intervention strategies.
Aim: This study was designed to assess the comparative effects of plyometric training versus aerobic exercise training on BMI and cardiovascular fitness among overweight adolescents in Anand city.
Method: In total, 30 overweight adolescents from schools in Anand, Gujarat, were recruited. Group A underwent plyometric training, while Group B took part in aerobic training. Both groups participated in 16 supervised sessions over four weeks (four sessions per week on non-consecutive days). Pre- and post-intervention assessments included BMI measurements and the Queens College Step Test to evaluate cardiovascular fitness.
Results: Group A (plyometric training) showed greater improvements in both BMI and cardiovascular fitness compared to Group B (aerobic training). The mean post-intervention values were 85.38 ± 15.4 for Group A and 76.51 ± 10.52 for Group B, indicating statistically significant improvement in the plyometric group.
Conclusion: Plyometric exercise training demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing BMI and enhancing cardiovascular fitness among overweight adolescents compared to aerobic exercise training, suggesting its potential as a more effective intervention strategy in school-based fitness programs.
KeywordsPlyometric Training, Cardiovascular Fitness, Overweight Adolescents, Obesity Prevention
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING ATTRIBUTES OF GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) CV. L-49
Full text linkThe present investigation entitled “Studies on effect of foliar feeding of micronutrients and plant growth regulators on fruiting behavour, yield, quality and storability of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits cv. L-49” was carried out during the year 2023-24 and 2024-2025 at Main Experiment Station, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, ANDUAT, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India. The treatments comprised of the spraying of different PGRs and micronutrients to study the flowering and fruiting attributes of guava fruits cultivar L-49. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with eleven treatments and three replications. The experiment consisted of eleven treatments including T1 (Control), T2 (ZnSO4 0.5%), T3 (Borax 0.5 %), T4 (NAA 40 ppm), T5 (GA3 40 ppm), T6 (ZnSO4 @ 0.5 % + Borax @ 0.5%), T7 (ZnSO4 0.5% + NAA 40 ppm) T8 (ZnSO4 0.5% + GA3 40 ppm), T9 (Borax 0.5% + NAA 40 ppm) T10 (Borax 0.5% + GA3 40 ppm) T11 (GA3 40 ppm + NAA 40 ppm) Were used for this study. The minimum days taken to 50% fruit set (8.56 days), maximum fruit set % (65.90 %), minimum fruit drop % (29.24 %) and maximum fruit retention (61.48 %) were observed with the foliar application of T11 (GA₃ 40 ppm + NAA 40 ppm) under the agroclimatic condition of Eastern Uttar Pradesh of India.
KeywordsGuava, ZnSO4, NAA, Borax, Retentio
Functional and Radiological comparison of tension band wiring versus screw fixation for the treatment of medial malleolar fractures
Full text linkBackground: Displaced medial malleolar fractures require stable internal fixation to restore ankle congruity and function. Both tension band wiring (TBW) and screw fixation (SF) are commonly used, but the optimal technique remains debated. This study aimed to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of TBW versus SF for these injuries.
Methods: A prospective, randomized study was conducted at a tertiary orthopedic center. Fifty-two patients with acute, displaced medial malleolar fractures were randomized to undergo either TBW (n = 26) or SF (n = 26). Inclusion criteria were age 18–65 years and fracture displacement >2 mm. All patients were managed with standardized operative and rehabilitation protocols. Functional outcome was assessed using the Olerud–Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) at 6, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Radiological union, time to union, and complications were also recorded.
Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. At 24 weeks, mean OMAS was 89.5 ± 8.1 in the TBW group and 87.2 ± 8.9 in the SF group (p = 0.28). Mean time to radiological union was 9.8 ± 2.0 weeks (TBW) versus 10.7 ± 2.1 weeks (SF) (p = 0.11). Complication rates, including infection, hardware irritation, and need for secondary procedures, were low and did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Both tension band wiring and screw fixation provide satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes for displaced medial malleolar fractures, with comparable union times and complication rates. Implant choice should be individualized based on fracture characteristics and patient factors
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE GUT MICROBIAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED CARP SPECIES
Full text linkThis study explored bacterial diversity in the gastrointestinal tract of the Indian Major Carp (Labeo catla) using culture-dependent techniques. Results showed notable differences in bacterial load between the foregut and hindgut. Five bacterial strains were isolated, four from the hindgut and one from the foregut. Aeromonas (CC3) was the most prevalent strain, with colony counts from 2 to 53 across plates. Morphological and Gram stain analyses identified the isolates as belonging to five genera: Serratia, Staphylococcus, Aeromonas, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas; 75% were Gram-negative, and 25% were Gram-positive. Biochemical tests revealed genus-specific traits, with Aeromonas exhibiting the widest metabolic activity, including positive reactions for citrate, urease, catalase, oxidase, and sulphur reduction. These findings offer foundational insights into the focal animal’s gut microbiota, emphasising the dominance of hindgut bacterial populations and the potential functions of certain strains.
KeywordsCatla catla, Bacterial strains, Foregut, Hindgut, Nutrient Aga
A Mathematical Model of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Its Impact on Cognitive Function in Young Women Aged 18-22 Years
Full text linkA mathematical model of iron deficiency anaemia and its impact on cognitive function in young women aged 18-22 years is formulated. The boundedness of the system is verified using Gronwall’s inequality. Equilibrium points are found. The local stability of the model is analysed around the equilibrium points. The global stability of the model is analysed using Lyapunov’s theorem on stability. Numerical simulations are carried out using MATLAB.
KeywordsBoundedness, Cognitive Function, Equilibrium Analysis, Global Stability, Gronwall’s Inequality, Iron Deficiency Anaemia, Local Stability, Lyapunov’s Theorem
SIMPLE STOCK PRICE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND DEEP LEARNING MODELS
Full text linkPredicting stock prices are a tough problem in financial analytics because markets are highly volatile, complex, and constantly changing. In this study, we compare traditional Machine Learning (ML) models—such as Random Forest, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and XGBoost—with a Deep Learning (DL) model called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) for predicting next-day stock prices. To improve accuracy, we propose a hybrid ensemble approach that combines the strength of LSTM (good at capturing time-based patterns) with tree-based and kernel-based models (known for reliable predictions). We used one year of historical stock data (Open, High, Low, Close, and Volume) collected through the Alpha Vantage API. The data was cleaned, normalized, and enhanced with lag features to better capture market behavior. We evaluated the models using error metrics such as RMSE, MAE, and R². The results show that the hybrid model performs better than any individual model. It reached an RMSE of 6.53 and an R² of 0.91, proving it to be accurate, stable, and practical for real-world stock forecasting applications.
KeywordsStock Price Prediction, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, LSTM, XGBoost, SVR, Random Forest, Ensemble Model, Financial Forecasting, Time-Series Analysis