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STATE MARRIAGE ASSISTANCE SCHEME OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Get PDFThe State Marriage Assistance Scheme (SMAS) in Jammu and Kashmir is an important government program that benefits economically backward women through financial support to enable them to get married. This research identifies the socio-economic effect, awareness, access, and challenges in implementing the scheme using a descriptive and evaluative research methodology. Information gathered from 200 beneficiaries and 50 government officials via surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions underscore that although the scheme has benefited many lives—especially by providing financial relief, enhancing social status, and empowering women—there are still major challenges. These are low awareness, procedural challenges, and inconsistent guidance during the application process. The results emphasize the necessity of increased outreach, simplified procedures, and complementary schemes in education, employment, and health to enhance the effectiveness of the scheme. This research offers useful lessons for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the design and implementation of welfare schemes to empower poor women
Assessing the Efficiency of Inoculation Methods for Mass Propagation of Heterorhabditis indica in Various Hosts
Get PDFMass cultivation for large-scale pest control is essential to harness the potential of Heterorhabditis indica. In the present study, the Mortality rate of different host and infectivity of H. indica were tested against several test hosts, namely Galleria mellonella larvae (GML), Bombyx mori larvae (BML), Bombyx mori pupae (BMP), Philosamiaricini larvae (PRL), and Philosamiaricini pupae (PRP). The highest constant infectivity percentage was recorded for the PRP and BML. At the 72-hour interval, the spread plate method showed the highest infectivity percentage for the PRP. It significantly decreased at the 96-hour interval due to possible temporal changes in nematode-host interactions. Mortality analysis confirmed the significant effect of inoculation method and host type on H. indica effectiveness. Notably, the immersion method showed the lowest infectivity percentages for BML and BMP at the 72-hour interval. The spread method induced the highest mortality for H. indica, emphasizing its initial efficacy. However, at the 96-hour interval, the spread method outperformed the other methods, achieving the highest mortality in most hosts. The present study findings will help develop cost-effective and sustainable strategies for the mass cultivation of entomopathogenic nematodes (H. indica), promoting their broader adoption as eco-friendly alternatives for pest management in agriculture.
 
Biosynthesis of Chitosan and Chitosan AgNps of Penaeus monodon and their potential antimicrobial activity
Get PDFThe noval discovery of biopolymer with antibacterial properties gains importance, hence the present study deals with the synthesis of chitosan from biodegradable shell waste of Penaeus monodon through several process like demineralization, deproteinization and deacetylation. The Chitosan AgNps were synthesized and characterized by UV, FTIR and XRD. The Chitosan AgNps of Penaeus monodon were subjected to antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains namely, Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans respectively. Among all tested bacteria, Escherichia coli showed maximum zone of inhibition at 300 μg/ml concentration and Klebsiella pneumonia showed minimum zone of inhibition at 300 μg/ml concentration
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TABLETS USING CADAMBA (ANTHOCEPHALUS CADAMBA)
Get PDFThe Cadamba is one of the important medicinal plants belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It is crucially significant as it has the largest number of phytochemicals and secondary metabolites having pharmacological and biological properties.It is extremely important since it contains the most phytochemicals and secondary metabolites with pharmacological and biological qualities, such as cadambagenic acid, cadamine, quinovic acid, β-sitosterol, cadambine, etc. It can be helpful in the development of different disease-curing and preventative medicines worldwide. The alchoholic and aqueous extract of this plant showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against almost all the organisms, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli etc. In this context, antimicrobial potential. A cadamba against a wide range of microorganisms was studied. To validate the ethnotherapeutic claims of the plant in skin diseases, wound healing activity was studied, besides antioxidant activity to understand the mechanism of wound healing
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Different Pruning Intensities in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lucknow-49
Get PDFhe present investigation entitled “Cost-Benefit Analysis of Different Pruning Intensities in Guava(Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lucknow-49” was carried out during the year 2023-2025 at Govind Nagar Farm,Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture & Forestry, A.N.D.U.A.&T., Narendra Nagar(Kumarganj), Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India (Lat 26.51° Long 81.78°). This study was conducted to analyzethe cost of cultivation and returns per hectare for guava fruit production
PROBLEMS OF SOLID WASTE ACCUMULATION IN LARGE CITIES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
Get PDFThe rapid growth of urban populations and increased consumption patterns have exacerbated the challenges of solid waste management in large cities, leading to environmental degradation and public health concerns. This study examines the problems of solid waste accumulation in urban areas, using waste transfer stations in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, as a case study. The research evaluates the operational efficiency, sanitary conditions, and environmental impact of these facilities, with particular attention to seasonal variations in waste processing capacity and district-level waste intake patterns.The investigations reveal significant challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, non-compliance with sanitary standards (particularly bacteriological contamination), and inefficiencies in waste compaction and transportation. The study also highlights the strain placed on existing systems by urban expansion and rising waste generation rates.To address these issues, the research proposes sustainable solutions, including improved waste segregation, enhanced recycling initiatives, and the adoption of advanced compaction technologies. Furthermore, it recommends policy interventions and public awareness campaigns to promote waste reduction and proper disposal practices. By comparing successful waste management strategies from other major cities, the study provides adaptable recommendations for Tashkent’s context.Ultimately, this research underscores the urgent need for modernized waste management systems to mitigate environmental pollution and health risks. The scientific works aim to support policymakers and urban planners in developing more efficient, sustainable, and health-conscious waste management strategies for rapidly growing cities
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF OSMOTICALLY CONTROLLED LOSARTAN POTASSIUM TABLETS FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE
Get PDFThe present study aimed to develop an osmotically controlled drug delivery system for Losartan potassium, a BCS Class I antihypertensive agent with a short half-life (1.5–2 hours), to achieve zero-order release and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Five formulations (LP1–LP5) were prepared by direct compression using HPMC K100M as the rate-controlling polymer and mannitol as the osmotic agent. Formulation development included core tablet compression followed by coating with a semi-permeable membrane and orifice drilling. Pre-compression parameters (bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, Hausner ratio) and post-compression characteristics (weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, drug content, and in vitro release) were within acceptable limits. FTIR studies confirmed drug-excipient compatibility. In vitro dissolution studies in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) demonstrated sustained drug release, with formulation LP3 showing the most promising profile—achieving 99.99% release over 12 hours and exhibiting near-zero-order kinetics. A 3-month stability study of LP3 confirmed its physical and chemical stability. Overall, a stable and effective osmotic drug delivery system for Losartan potassium was successfully developed, offering sustained release, reduced dosing frequency, and potential for improved patient compliance
PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION: A PHARMACOGNOSTIC REVIEW
Get PDFHypertension, being one of the major health issues in the world is not well controlled despite many pharmacological interventions because of side effects, cost, and poor compliance. The use of medicinal plants is known as phytotherapy and this has again become a subject of concern as far as the complementary and alternative methods of treatment of high blood pressure is concerned. This pharmacognostic review brings to the ethnomedical significance, bioactive constituents and the mechanism of different antihypertensive medicinal plants. Most of these plants have vasodilatory, diuretic, ACE-inhibitory, calcium blockers and antioxidant properties, which reflect the current areas of focus in pharmacology. Such plants have been used in the tradition of Ayurvedic, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Persian Medicine systems in the treatment of hypertension. As Phyto therapeutic agents continue to have increased scientific evidence in their efficiency and safety, they portray great cost-effective, beneficial prospects in the enhancement of effective hypertension treatment worldwide as an accompaniment to conventional treatment
Regional and Seasonal Variations in Honey Pollen Composition: Advances in Melissopalynology and Techniques for Honey Quality Assessment
Get PDFMelissopalynology, the study of pollen in honey, plays a critical role in understanding the relationship between floral diversity and honey quality. This paper explores the regional and seasonal variations in honey pollen composition and the techniques used to analyze these variations. We present a comprehensive overview of significant studies in melissopalynology, focusing on the impact of floral diversity on honey characteristics across different regions, including India, Oman, and Andhra Pradesh. Advances in pollen preparation, analysis methods, and the use of statistical and multivariate approaches are discussed. Techniques for honey fraud detection, such as melissopalynology, are highlighted to ensure honey authenticity. The study emphasizes contributions from leading figures in the field and the role of pollen analysis in quality control. By integrating regional findings and methodological advancements, this paper provides a holistic view of honey’s pollen composition, its seasonal variability, and emerging techniques for improving honey quality assessment
MODERN LINGUISTIC APPROACHES TO RUSSIAN SYNTAX
Get PDFThis paper explores the landscape of modern linguistic approaches to Russian syntax. It examines key theoretical frameworks currently employed in the analysis of Russian sentence structure, including but not limited to: generative grammar (Minimalism), dependency grammar, construction grammar, and cognitive linguistics. The paper analyzes how these frameworks address core issues in Russian syntax, such as word order variation, case marking, agreement phenomena, and the interaction between syntax and semantics. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of corpus linguistics and computational methods on the study of Russian syntax, highlighting the benefits of empirical data and statistical analysis in validating or challenging existing theoretical models. Finally, the paper identifies emerging trends and unresolved challenges in the field, suggesting potential avenues for future research