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Comparative in vitro evaluation of fungicides, botanicals and bioagents for suppressing Alternaria alternata causing Alternaria leaf spot in ber
Get PDFThe present experiment was conducted during 2024-25 in the laboratory of the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, to evaluate the efficacy of eleven chemical fungicides at four concentrations (750 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, and 2000 ppm), along with ten botanical extracts and two bio-agents tested at three concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) against Alternaria alternata. The study was carried out using poisoned food technique for chemical fungicides, botanical extracts and bio-agent with Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Among the fungicides Hexaconazole and Tebuconazole proved to be the most effective chemical fungicide recording complete growth inhibition (100%) at all the four tested concentrations which was followed by Fluxapyroxad 6.25% + Epoxiconazole 6.25% EC (100%) at 1500ppm and 2000ppm, Kasugamycin 5% + Copper oxychloride 45% WP (7.90mm, 91.22%) followed by Thiophanate methyl 38% + Kasugamycin 2.21% SC (8.13mm, 90.97%) at 2000ppm whereas, at 750ppm Copper oxychloride (38.40mm) was least effective in reducing fungal growth (57.33%). Among the botanical extracts and bioagents, recording average highest growth inhibition observed in Garlic bulb extract (80.59%) followed by Eucalyptus (76.11%), Trichoderma viride (72.95%) and minimum inhibition percent (31.30%) was observed in Ashok. The study indicated better performance of some chemical fungicides even at lower concentrations i.e. 750ppm and 1000ppm also. So, such effective fungicides could be used to minimize hazardous effect. Significant effect of some botanical extracts and bio-agent against pathogen growth suggests their application as potential control agent alternative to chemicals
Microbial Profiling of Dental Biofilms in Cavitated and Non-Cavitated Carious Lesions
Get PDFDental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic oral diseases worldwide, arising from complex interactions between host factors, diet, and microbial communities within dental biofilms. Recent advances in molecular microbiology have revealed that caries is not the outcome of a single pathogen, but rather the result of a dynamic shift in the balance of diverse microbial populations inhabiting the oral cavity. This study focuses on microbial profiling of biofilms associated with cavitated and non-cavitated carious lesions, aiming to delineate the distinct microbial signatures that contribute to the initiation and progression of caries. Clinical samples were collected from patients presenting with early non-cavitated white spot lesions as well as advanced cavitated dentinal caries. High-throughput sequencing techniques, complemented with culture-based assays, were employed to characterize the bacterial composition. Comparative analyses highlighted a clear microbial gradient from non-cavitated to cavitated lesions. Non-cavitated lesions were predominantly enriched with early colonizers such as Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus gordonii, and Actinomyces spp., which are typically associated with initial plaque biofilm formation. These organisms contributed to biofilm stability but exhibited moderate acidogenic potential. In contrast, cavitated lesions demonstrated a significant dominance of acidogenic and aciduric species, including Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., and Bifidobacterium dentium. The metabolic activities of these microorganisms, particularly their capacity for sustained acid production under low pH conditions, correlated strongly with demineralization and lesion advancement. Additionally, metagenomic profiling revealed a greater prevalence of anaerobic taxa such as Veillonella and Prevotella, suggesting a microbial shift towards a more complex, pathogenic community as cavitation progresses. Functional annotation of microbial genes further indicated enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and acid tolerance pathways in cavitated lesions compared with non-cavitated sites. The study underscores the significance of ecological succession within dental biofilms, illustrating how subtle microbial imbalances can transition a biofilm from a relatively stable state to a highly cariogenic consortium. These findings emphasize the need for preventive strategies targeting early microbial changes before cavitation occurs. Moreover, microbial profiling may serve as a diagnostic adjunct to identify high-risk patients and guide personalized caries management. By bridging clinical presentation with microbial ecology, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of caries pathogenesis and highlights novel avenues for preventive and therapeutic interventions
Healing Threads of Care: Weaving Resilience in Mothers of Preterm Infants
Get PDFThe mothers with pre-term infant have more bio-psychosocial activity thus facing challenges in take care of their pre-term infant. This study assessed Bio-psychosocial needs and to explore the solicitude experience among 50 adolescents at a tertiary care hospital using a mixed-method study by quantitative convenient sampling technique and by qualitative purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through socio-demographic details, the parent stress scale, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, multidimensional scale of perceived social support Scale. Results showed that in Pre-test findings 58% experienced moderate stress, 42% severe stress,84% had borderline depression, 16% clinical depression, 74% reported low perceived social support. Post-test findings 64% experienced mild stress, 36% moderate stress, 76% had normal depression scores, 24% borderline depression, 62% reported moderate social support, 38% high support. Paired t-test showed significant improvement in stress (t=15.32, p<0.001), depression (t=18.76, p<0.001), and perceived social support scores (t=20.14, p<0.001) after the intervention. The study findings demonstrate the significant impact of a tailor-made intervention on improving the bio-psychosocial needs of mothers with pre-term infants. The intervention led to substantial reductions in stress and depression levels while enhancing perceived social support. The importance of healthcare professional support and peer connections aligns with findings
Bridging the Care Gap: Enhancing Self-Efficacy and Practice in Early Postnatal Care through Midwifery Initiatives
Get PDFPostpartum minor ailments are common yet often neglected concerns that can adversely affect new mothers' recovery and psychological well-being. Inadequate self-efficacy and lack of awareness about self-care contribute to poor health outcomes during the early postnatal period. Midwives, through structured education and support, can empower primi para mothers to manage postpartum discomforts effectively. This study examines the impact of a midwife-driven initiative on self-efficacy and self-reported practices among postnatal mothers in a tertiary care setting. A quasi-experimental, non-randomised control group design was employed. Sixty primipara mothers were selected through purposive sampling and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received structured midwife-driven educational sessions over four weeks, focusing on perineal care, rest, backache, breast care, fatigue, and other postpartum discomforts. Standard postnatal care was given to the control group. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and McNemar’s test.The midwife-driven initiative markedly enhanced mothers’ self-efficacy and self-reported practices regarding postpartum minor ailments. Incorporating such interventions into routine postnatal care may significantly improve maternal health and recovery
PHARMACOINFORMATIC EVALUATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM ACTINIDIA DELICIOSA: IN SILICO DOCKING AND ADME PROFILING AGAINST APOPTOTIC TARGETS
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the in silico molecular docking and ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties of two bioactive phytocompounds isolated from Actinidia deliciosa: 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one and 3',5'-dihydroxy-2'-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-phenyl-3,4-dihydroxy benzoate. These compounds were docked with two key apoptotic proteins, Caspase-3 and Beta-Actin, to identify their binding affinity and potential as anti-apoptotic agents. The docking scores and hydrogen bond interactions revealed that the chromenone compound exhibited stronger affinity and interaction than the benzoate compound. Furthermore, ADME analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic properties, including non-carcinogenicity and non-toxicity. This is the first report demonstrating the potential of these compounds as natural therapeutic agents targeting apoptotic proteins through in silico evaluation
EXPLOITING IN VITRO CULTURED VIGNA RADIATA FOR NATURAL ANTICANCER THERAPY AGAINST MCF-7 CELLS
Get PDFVigna radiata (mung bean) is widely utilized in both traditional and modern medicine. In vitro propagation offers promising techniques for the conservation and enhancement of valuable medicinal plants. This study investigates the effect of various plant growth regulators on shoot and root induction using nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Multiple shoot generation was observed within 7–8 days of incubation. Methanolic leaf extracts exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with IC50 values of 91.074 µg/µl, indicating greater potency compared to acetone extracts (104.523 µg/µl). Apoptosis was confirmed using DAPI, propidium iodide staining, comet assay, and caspase-3 expression. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of V. radiata leaf extract as a natural anticancer agent
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial activity of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) extract, cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract and xylitol against Streptococcus Mutans - An in-vitro study.
Get PDFBackground:
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of dental caries affecting children under six years.
Streptococcus mutans is a key pathogen in ECC, largely due to its role in biofilm formation and acid production. Natural
antimicrobials such as cranberry, cinnamon, and xylitol have shown individual potential against S. mutans, but
comparative data is lacking.
Aim:
To evaluate and compare the antibacterial activity of cranberry extract, cinnamon extract, and xylitol against Streptococcus
mutans using an in-vitro biofilm model.
Materials and methods
An in-vitro study was conducted using a standard strain of Streptococcus mutans. Three test groups were prepared using
cranberry extract, cinnamon extract, and xylitol, respectively. The antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the
zone of inhibition, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, and biofilm inhibition percentage. Data were analyzed using one
way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests
Challenges in Quality Control of Herbal Pharmaceuticals: Standardization, Analytical Methodologies, and Regulatory Frameworks
Get PDFHerbal pharmaceuticals have long been utilized as natural therapeutic agents and are increasingly recognized for their
potential in modern healthcare. However, the advancement and global acceptance of these products are significantly hindered
by persistent challenges in quality control, standardization, and regulatory compliance. This review critically examines the
core issues impeding the development and validation of herbal medicines. The variability in phytochemical profiles
attributed to genetic diversity, environmental factors, and post-harvest conditions complicates efforts to ensure consistency
and reproducibility in product quality. Additionally, widespread adulteration and the lack of well-defined pharmacokinetic
and clinical data limit their credibility in evidence-based medicine
Assessing the Current Evidence on Singultus (Hiccups): Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management
Get PDFHiccups are sudden involuntary contractions of the diaphragm that A variety of causes, such as factors like eating too
quickly or too much, and drinking carbonated beverages can make someone hiccup. Stress is another known trigger,
and there are certain medical conditions that can also lead to frequent hiccups. Symptoms of hiccups include repeated,
sudden closure of the glottis, producing a characteristic sound. Most people don’t realize that a hiccup is really a spasm
of the entire diaphragm (not just one half as in normal breathing), accompanied by one half of the brain working
differently from the other. The record for the longest bout of hiccups is held by a man who hit up for 68 days back in
Although hiccups are usually self-limiting and harmless, persistent or severe cases can disturb and disrupt daily
life. Treatment options for hiccups range from simple home remedies, such as holding one’s breath or drinking water,
to pharmacological interventions, including antacids and anxiolytic medications
Evaluation of Liver Dysfunction and Metabolic Enzyme Modulation in Freshwater Fish Exposed to Lambda-Cyhalothrin
Get PDFThe metabolic processes and in detoxification of xenobiotics liver plays an important role. This study examined the toxicological effects of lambda cyhalothrin on liver function of freshwater catfish focusing on liver marker enzymes, gluconeogenic enzymes and cytochrome p450 protein. Specific activity of Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT), specific activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Specific activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Acid Phosphatase (ACP), Specific activity of Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) and the specific activity of pyruvate carboxylase were tested. The hepatic activity of the liver marker enzymes Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) and Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) varied significantly (P < 0.05) over the period of exposure. Increased phosphatase activity was observed with 45.21% and 7.07% in fish exposed to higher and lower sub-lethal doses, respectively, despite an overall significant drop in acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities (P < 0.01). Although it decreased at the end of the exposure, the gluconeogenic enzyme Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxykinase (PEPCK) was still considerably higher (P < 0.05) than the control levels. Additionally, even on day 45, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity remained elevated (P < 0.05). The amount of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) changed dramatically (P < 0.05) over the course of exposure in both experimental indicating disrupted detoxification pathways