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DEVELOPMENT OF A MACHINE LEARNING MODEL FOR CROP YIELD PREDICTION IN AGRICULTURE
Get PDFAgricultural productivity remains a crucial element of food security and economic stability in many countries. With climate variability, land degradation, and increasing demand for precision agriculture, accurate crop yield prediction has become essential for informed decision-making. This examines ambitions to broaden and examine a system learning (ML) model for predicting crop yields using environmental, soil, and ancient yield information. The research utilized a dataset combining meteorological variables, soil properties, and crop control practices throughout 3 Indian states over ten years. Several ML algorithms, which includes Linear Regression, Decision Tree Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost, have been evaluated. The Random Forest model outperformed others with an R² rating of 0.89 and RMSE of 2.Five quintals/ha. The consequences demonstrate the capability of ensemble mastering models in dealing with non-linear agricultural statistics. The take a look at concludes with the consequences of ML-based yield forecasting structures for precision agriculture and coverage-making
Trait Variability, Genotypic Relationships, and Cluster Analysis of Aromatic Rice RILs for Agronomic Improvement
Get PDFAromatic rice is renowned for its premium grain quality and export potential, yet breeding efforts are often hampered by low yield and limited genetic diversity. This study evaluated 48 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a cross between Rajendra Bhagwati and Pusa Sugandh-5, to identify elite genotypes with superior agronomic and physiological traits. Field experiments were conducted during the Kharif seasons of 2023 and 2024 using a randomized block design with three replications. Twelve traits were assessed: days to 50% flowering (DFF), flag leaf area (FLA), days to physiological maturity (DPM), plant height (PH), number of tillers per plant (NOT), panicle length (PL), number of spikelets per panicle (NSP), number of grains per panicle (NGP), spikelet fertility percentage (SF%), test weight (TW), biological yield per plant (BY), and grain yield per plant (GYP). Substantial phenotypic variability was observed, with high coefficients of variation for traits like FLA, PH, NSP, and GYP. Genotypic correlation analysis identified strong positive associations between GYP and traits such as BY, NGP, and PL, indicating their significance in indirect selection. Rajendra Bhagwati exhibited early flowering and superior grain yield, while Pusa Sugandh-5 showed higher tiller number and test weight. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped genotypes into three distinct clusters, with Cluster III containing transgressive segregants outperforming both parents in yield-contributing traits. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating phenotypic screening and multivariate analysis to identify promising RILs for aromatic rice improvement and varietal development under diverse agro-climatic conditions
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Get PDFNatural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionizing mental health care, transforming how conditions are diagnosed, treated, and monitored. By analyzing vast volumes of written and spoken language from patients, NLP equips clinicians with tools to identify mental health indicators that might be too subtle to detect through conventional methods. Through techniques like sentiment analysis, it can track emotional trends and linguistic cues over time—revealing signs of disorders such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and others. Moreover, NLP-powered chatbots and virtual therapy platforms offer 24/7 support, facilitating early assessments, guided mindfulness practices, and even live, anonymous conversations in a safe, stigma-free environment. These innovations significantly improve access to mental health care, particularly for individuals facing geographic, economic, or societal obstacles. However, the use of NLP in this sensitive domain raises important ethical questions. Ensuring privacy, obtaining informed consent, and addressing potential algorithmic biases are critical challenges that must be managed responsibly. Nevertheless, the future of NLP in mental health appears promising—with potential for even more tailored, empathetic interventions, proactive crisis prevention, and holistic support systems
Tocosome: A Cutting-Edge Drug Delivery Platform Combining Phospholipids and Tocopheryl Phosphates
Get PDFThe development of novel nanocarrier systems for drug delivery is crucial for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and stability while minimizing toxicity. In this study, we explore the potential of α-tocopheryl phosphate (TP) and di-α-tocopheryl phosphate (T2P), two derivatives of vitamin E, as key components in tocosome-based drug delivery systems. Tocosomes were formulated using the Mozafari method, incorporating TP, T2P, and various lipids/phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, stearyl amine, Phospholipon 90H, and Phospholipon 100H, with and without cholesterol. This solvent-free preparation technique avoids the use of potentially toxic solvents, detergents, and mechanical stressors such as sonication or high-shear force homogenization. The formulated tocosomes demonstrated a narrow size distribution, high encapsulation efficiency, and excellent long-term stability, retaining their integrity for over two years. Using 5-fluorouracil as a model drug, we confirmed the feasibility of these nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. These findings highlight the potential of TP- and T2P-based tocosomes as a biocompatible, stable, and efficient drug delivery platform, offering promising applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields
Assessment of Pesticide Degradation Efficacy of Probiotics Isolated From Foods
Get PDFThe extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has resulted in the presence of pesticide residues in food and feed, which poses a serious risk to human health. Many physical and chemical methods can be used to eradicate pesticides, but most of them are either costly or vulnerable to secondary contamination. Thus, the use of microorganisms, such as probiotics, to eliminate pesticides has emerged as a promising alternative. Some probiotic bacteria, mainly Lactobacilli, have received a lot of attention due to their toxicity reduction ability of several contaminants. For example, Lactobacilli can reduce the accumulation and toxicity of selective heavy metals and pesticides in animal tissues by inhibiting the intestinal absorption of contaminants and improving the intestinal barrier. Probiotics reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, perhaps by competing and producing antagonistic compounds against pathogenic bacteria. Mechanisms of these beneficial bacterial strains in the remediation process have been explored and especially their interaction with the host gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize research progress on the remediation mechanisms of some probiotics as well as the combined effects of probiotics and gut mirobiota on the remediation of foodborne contaminants in vivo
Analyzing the long-term effects of beta-blocker therapy on cardiac function and mortality rates in post-myocardial infarction patients: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground:Beta-blockers are foundational in the management of myocardial infarction (MI). However, their long-term utility in patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥50%) remains uncertain in the modern reperfusion era.Objective:To systematically review and synthesize contemporary evidence evaluating the impact of long-term beta-blocker therapy on mortality, reinfarction, and hemodynamic outcomes in post-MI patients with preserved ejection fraction.Methods:A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for English-language peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews evaluating long-term beta-blocker therapy in post-MI patients with LVEF ≥50%.Results:Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority found no significant mortality benefit associated with long-term beta-blockers in patients without heart failure. Subgroup analyses showed potential benefits in individuals with elevated heart rate or hypertension. Several studies emphasized the short-term utility of beta-blockers, particularly within the first year post-MI.Conclusion:In the era of modern revascularization and medical therapy, the routine continuation of beta-blockers in MI survivors with preserved EF may not confer long-term survival benefits. A tailored, patient-centered approach should guide therapy decisions
THE EFFECTS OF EARLY BILINGUALISM ON COGNITIVE FLEXIBILITY IN PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
Get PDFCognitive flexibility, a fundamental executive function, refers to the ability to adapt thinking and behavior in response to changing environmental demands, rules, or goals. This skill is particularly critical during early childhood, as it underpins problem-solving, creativity, and academic readiness. Early bilingualism, defined as the simultaneous or sequential acquisition of two languages during the formative years, has been increasingly studied for its potential to enhance cognitive flexibility. The constant need to switch between languages, inhibit competing linguistic information, and navigate multiple cultural contexts may provide bilingual children with unique cognitive advantages.This article synthesizes current research on the effects of early bilingualism on cognitive flexibility in preschool-aged children, a population at a pivotal stage of cognitive and linguistic development. We begin by outlining the theoretical framework of the bilingual advantage hypothesis, which posits that the demands of managing two languages enhance executive functions, including cognitive flexibility. We then review empirical evidence from behavioral, neuroimaging, and longitudinal studies, highlighting key findings such as superior task-switching abilities, enhanced conflict resolution, and structural differences in brain regions associated with executive control.However, the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive flexibility is not without controversy. Methodological challenges, such as variability in defining bilingualism, task selection, and confounding variables like socioeconomic status, complicate the interpretation of findings. We address these challenges and propose directions for future research, including the need for standardized measures, longitudinal designs, and culturally sensitive approaches.Finally, we discuss the practical implications of this research for early childhood education. If early bilingualism indeed fosters cognitive flexibility, educators and policymakers may consider promoting bilingual education programs and incorporating activities that enhance executive functions in early learning environments. By understanding the cognitive benefits of bilingualism, we can better support the development of all children, regardless of their linguistic background.This article aims to provide a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the effects of early bilingualism on cognitive flexibility, offering valuable insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers invested in early childhood development
STUDY OF ACUTE TOXICITY, LOCAL IRRITANT AND ALLERGIZING EFFECTS OF THE SUBSTANCE "GLAUCONITE-NEO"
Get PDFBased on the research results, the substance "Glauconite-Neo" (TashPharma, Uzbekistan) does not exhibit toxicity in the dose range of 2000–4000 mg/kg according to acute toxicity indicators. Even at maximum doses, it does not lead to animal death, does not have a local irritant effect when applied, and does not have an allergenic effect
Sustainable Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Composites: Green Approaches and Applications - A Review
Get PDFThe sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles and composites has emerged as a key area of research due to the increasing demand for environmentally friendly and efficient methods. Traditional methods for nanoparticle synthesis often involve toxic chemicals and high energy consumption, raising concerns about sustainability. Green synthesis approaches, using plant extracts, microorganisms, and biopolymers, offer promising alternatives by providing nontoxic, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solutions. These green methods not only reduce the environmental impact but also enhance the functional properties of nanoparticles and composites. This review explores various green synthesis techniques, their applications in fields such as medicine, electronics, energy storage, and environmental remediation, and the challenges and future perspectives in advancing these approaches. Emphasis is placed on the potential of these techniques to provide sustainable solutions in nanotechnology and materials science
Peptide-Driven Nanotheranostics: Simultaneous Targeting, Imaging, and Therapy of Malignancies
Get PDFPeptide-guided nanotheranostics is a revolutionary strategy in oncology that combines targeted therapy, imaging, and diagnostics on a single platform to overcome the drawbacks of traditional cancer therapies. Even with the advancement of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the issues of low drug solubility, systemic toxicity, and multidrug resistance remain. Peptide-functionalized nanoparticles (peptide-f-NPs) are a potential solution that takes advantage of the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tumor-targeting specificity of peptides to improve drug delivery and imaging accuracy. These nanocarriers (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and inorganic NPs) are designed with tumor-penetrating peptides (e.g., RGD, NGR) or receptor-targeting peptides (e.g., DOTATATE, bombesin analogs) to impart active targeting, bypassing the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironments. Sophisticated imaging modalities like fluorescence, MRI, PET/SPECT, and photoacoustic imaging are combined with therapeutic payloads (chemotherapeutics, siRNA, photothermal agents, and radionuclides) for real-time monitoring and precision therapy. But despite challenges of peptide instability, RES-mediated quick clearance, immune response, and production complexity, innovation in peptide engineering (cyclization, PEGylation) and nanocarrier design for multifunctionality seeks to advance stability, diminish toxicity, and increase clinical translatability. This review captures the potential of peptide-based nanotheranostics to revolutionize cancer therapy while meeting present limitations and future prospects for clinical translation