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Financial management practices and performance of secondary schools in Arua district, Uganda
No full textxi, 75 p.The performance of secondary schools plays an important role in the quality of education provided in the secondary schools in Uganda. Although the ministry of education and sports had implemented initiatives, to enable secondary schools manage their resources to achieve educational objectives, schools in Arua district still had challenges with effectively utilizing their financial resources to achieve national and institutional educational objectives. The study examined the relationship between financial management practices and the performance of secondary schools of Arua District, to provide a basis for relevant interventions. Using a cross-sectional survey, data was collected from 62 respondents who included 8 school bursars, 7 head teachers, 40 heads of departments and 5 members of school boards of governors by the help of a structured questionnaire and interview guides. Data was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS), multi-regression and content analysis. The findings of the study revealed that: financial planning was not significantly related (r = .22, p > 0.01) to the performance of secondary schools, meaning that the level at which it is done is not enough to affect the performance of these institutions. Financial control was significantly related (r = .16, p 0.05). Financial reporting was significantly related to performance of secondary schools (r = 32, p < 0.01) and had a positive effect (β = .236, p < 0.05) on the performance of secondary schools. Overall financial management practices had a 9.8% (r2 = .098) positive effect on the performance of secondary schools. Therefore, Ministry of Education and Sports should strive to implement the Uganda public finance management guidelines in Secondary schools. The Board of Governors in secondary schools should be empowered to monitor and influence the financial management practices of secondary schools towards better school performance. Further research is recommended to examine mechanisms and structures that can help Stakeholders in secondary schools take an active role in monitoring and influencing the financial management of secondary schools, implement better work environments in Secondary schools in Uganda
Turbidity reduction efficacies of seed kernels of Mango (Mangifera indica) genotypes in Uganda
No full textP. (1-8) ;Alum and ferric salts as traditional chemical coagulants for turbidity removal in water and wastewater are expensive, and have known harmful effects. Thus, attempts to replace the chemical coagulants with safe and effective natural solutions are increasingly being made in terms of research studies to investigate the coagulation efficacies of various plants one of which is
Mango (Mangifera indica). It is worth noting that M. indica has various genotypes of different origins across the world. In this study, eight (8) common M. indica genotypes in Uganda were identified, protein contents of their seed kernels determined, and coagulating efficacies investigated.
Coagulation solution of each selected genotype was obtained by dissolving 5 g powder of the selected Mango seed kernel sample in 100 mL of distilled water. Next, 5 mL of this coagulant (or stock) solution was used to treat 200 mL of turbid water with turbidity ranging from 15 to 120 NTU. Using 0.01 M hydrochloric acid as an extraction solvent, protein contents of selected genotypes
including Apple mango, Kate, Kent, Bire, Doodo red, Takataka, Kagoogwa, and Tommy Atkins were 38.02 %, 30.66 %, 15.94 %, 22.11 %, 21.50 %, 16.98 %, 16.36 %, and 17.87 %, respectively. Efficacies of coagulant from Apple mango, Kate, Kent, Bire, Doodo red, Takataka, Kagoogwa, and Tommy Atkins seed kernel samples were 92.2, 89.3, 66.0, 78.7, 76.9, 71.1, 68.9,
and 73.1 %, respectively. Apple mango was the best performing genotype as a coagulant and this was followed by Kate. Coagulation efficacy was generally found to increase with increasing turbidity and/or coagulant’s concentration. For instance, Apple Mango coagulant removed 16.7 %, 50.3 %, and 92.2 % of initial turbidity 15, 65 and 120 NTU, respectively. Kent removed 57.5, 66, and 69 % of initial turbidity 120 NTU using 5, 20, and 30 mL of stock solution, respectively. This study demonstrated the influence of the choice of a plant genotype on coagulation efficacy
A dialectical representation of the de jury and de facto leaders in four of Shakespeare’s political plays
No full textvii, 103 p. ;This study is a critical examination of the dialectical representation of the concepts of De Jury and De Facto leaderships in four of William Shakespeare’s political plays, namely, Macbeth, Richard II, Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2. The study had a threefold objective: to examine the dialectical representation of the De Jury leadership/kings in four of Shakespeare’s political plays; to explore the dialectical representation of the De Facto leadership/kings in four of Shakespeare’s political plays; and to draw the lessons from the dialectical representation of both De Jury and De Facto leadership in the four political plays of William Shakespeare. The study was majorly library-based and applied qualitative approaches, such as critical analysis of both primary and secondary sources of data were employed to decipher the dialectical representation of both De Jury and De Factor leadership in the aforementioned political plays of William Shakespeare. The study drew on from Jacques Derrida’s deconstructionist literary theory which involved a polemic reading of the four political plays in the critical examination of Shakespeare’s representation of both De Jury and Defacto leadership. The findings of the study showed that both De Jury and De Facto leaderships have both strengths and weaknesses. In the two leadership modes, ‘performance’ and ‘legitimacy’ are essential qualities for successful leadership. Hence, of the two methods of acquiring and maintaining power, the dejury and the defacto style of leadership are complimentary. Finally, the study recommended that future literary scholars should examine the place of the Shakespearean “Histories”—political plays/drama—in the discourse of Twenty-First Century global politics and governance, since they espouse pertinent issues on politics and leadership that keep to be reflected in the contemporary global world
Enhancing phosphorous removal from wastewater using polyphosphate accumulating organisms from different waste streams
No full textxii, 62 p. : ill. (some col.) ;Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal process has worldly been accredited for its efficiency m removing phosphorous from different wastewater treatment plants. This study focused on Enhancing Phosphorous Removal from wastewater using Polyphosphate Accumulation Organisms present in the Bugolobi wastewater treatment plant, Kampala city abattoir and Uganda Breweries limited. Wastewater from the Bugolobi wastewater treatment plant, Kampala Abattoir and Uganda Breweries Limited was assessed to establish a suitable source of the Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms. The effect of inoculation of Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms rich wastewater on Phosphorous removal in domestic wastewater was evaluated. Microbial tests isolated the bacteria present in the collected wastewater samples and thereafter Desoxyribonucleic Acid extraction from the bacterial broth was done. The extracted Desoxyribonucleic Acid was stored followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis using a nano drop. Microbial tests identified 16 different species of bacteria in the groups: firmicutes; High gram positive, β-proteobacteria α-proteobacteria and y-proteobacteria.
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain was noted to be the dominate bacteria that accumulated more phosphorous. Different working conditions that enable phosphorus accumulating bacteria to thrive were also determined and amendments of phosphorus accumulating bacteria working condition gave an overall significant difference with acetate as the best carbon source, 25°C as the best optimum temperature and pH 7 for their activity. Of the three wastewater sources, Kampala city abattoir was found to have the most Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms. Efficient phosphorous removal in the Enhanced Biological Phosphorous Removal system is highly dependent on Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms suppressing Glycogen Accumulating Organisms.
KEYWORDS: Wastewater, Wastewater characteristics, Polyphosphate accumulating organism
Heavy metal contamination in water, sediments and fish from selected wetlands in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda
No full textxiii, 66 p. : ill. (some col.) ;In Uganda, there is increased industrial and municipal waste disposal into wetlands around Lake Victoria which pose a great threat to different wetland components. A number of studies have been carried out to ascertain the impact of heavy metals in wetlands. Due to the increase in population near the wetlands, there is a higher possibility of receiving more pollutants and effluents hence the necessity of this study. This study assessed the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentration in water, sediments and fish from Gabba, Nabugabo, Nakivubo and Lwera wetlands. This study undertook a quantitative research approach with data collected from twelve random sample sites over a period of six months from August 2021 to January 2022. Some parameters were measured in-situ whereas others were analysed at the National Water Quality Laboratory in Entebbe. All water quality analysis was performed according to Standards methods for the Examination of waters and Wastewaters. Heavy metals analysis was done using the inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following the American Public Health Association – 23rd Edition. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals of water analysed were within the recommended limits of the East African Standards (2018) except for Nakivubo wetland which had a higher Chemical Oxygen Demand result of 60mg/L. In all the sediment samples, there were considerable concentrations of Chromium (22.97 mg/Kg - 39.34 mg/Kg), Lead (9.34 mg/Kg-19.32 mg/Kg), Cobalt (2.68 mg/Kg- 3.87 mg/Kg) and Nickel (7.67 mg/Kg-11.43 mg/Kg). In particular, Nakivubo and Gabba wetlands had the highest levels of heavy metal concentrations compared to Lwera and Nabugabo wetlands in as much as there was no significant difference in concentrations across the wetlands. The fish species analysed; Clarias Galiepinus, Clarius Liocephalus and Protopterus are mainly consumed by the local population. Chromium and Nickel concentrations in the fish muscles were observed to exceed the WHO maximum permissible limits in all the wetlands. Gabba and Nakivubo wetlands had cadmium results of 0.189 mg/Kg and 0.116 mg/Kg respectively which is beyond the recommended WHO limits. It is therefore recommended that collaborative engagement with the respective stakeholders be pursued to create awareness in communities on the apparent health risks from consuming this fish but also improve the regulatory framework of catchment-based water quality goals that would aim at reducing heavy metal loads. Continuation of regular monitoring by relevant authorities’ guidance for proper wetland management, conservation policies implementation and further research on the pollutant retention ability of these wetlands to be urgently undertaken
Investigating the performance of rural road drainage systems in Uganda: a case study of Katakwi district
No full textxii, 74 p. : ill. ;This study was carried out to investigate the performance of rural road drainage systems in Uganda, a case study of Katakwi district roads. Specifically, the study covered the assessment of the current state of rural road drainage condition; the factors affecting the performance of rural road drainage systems, and the development of sustainable drainage management solutions for rural roads. The study adopted the analytical research design utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches to the research. Data was collected from 15 roads using observation methods and photography. The study established that none of the rural roads surveyed had good drainage systems. The findings show that 18 per cent of the drainage systems were in a bad state which means that they were in danger of failure or had already failed. Furthermore, the majority of the entire rural road drainage systems i.e. 68 per cent were in a poor state or needed major interventions, while only 14 per cent were in a fair state which was an indication of the requirement for minor interventions. The study also observed that the key factors affecting the performance of the drainage systems of key roads in Katakwi district included poor land use, topography, poor workmanship and construction practices, lack of or inadequate maintenance and flooding. However, the major factor contributing to the poor status of the drainages were lack of proper designs and lack of maintenance. The design for the improvement of the drainage system focused on road side drains for Korikori-Kapujan. The design which included estimation of catchment areas, calculation of design discharge and hydraulic design was done with a result of a trapezoidal section with bottom width of 200mm, depth of 300mm, and side slopes of 1:1. The study recommended that maintenance practices should be given priority; this includes removal and cleaning up of the drains. This can be achieved by increasing budgetary allocation for maintenance.
KEY WORDS: (Drainage, rural road, performance, culverts, design
Genetic dynamics of fusarium xylarioides: key to the management of coffee wilt disease in Uganda
No full textxi, 51 p. ;Fusarium xylarioides (F. xylarioides) is a vascular fungal pathogen that causes Coffee Wilt Disease (tracheomycosis). The pathogen is only endemic to Robusta coffee in Uganda while Arabica coffee is immune to it, yet Robusta coffee contributes 80% of the Uganda traded coffee. Currently, the pathogen is estimated at 3% incidence with economic losses of $17m annually. The pathogen is present in all traditional Robusta coffee growing regions and is spreading to non-traditional areas like Kabale. Despite the importance of F. xylarioides, there is limited information on the contribution of environmental factors and its genetic diversity to the spread of the pathogen.
The aim of this study was to determine the genetic dynamics of F. xylarioides and the environmental factors that contribute to its spread to new places in Uganda. Environmental data comprising rainfall, relative humidity, speed of wind, and temperature for 2000 to 2005 and 2020 was obtained from the POWER project. Historical pathogen incidence data was obtained from UCDA reports while the primary incidence data was obtained from the coffee fields during specimen collection in 2020. The environmental data was then correlated to the pathogen incidence data in SPSS. Pathogen isolates that had been stored for a period of ten years (2009 to 2019) were used to study the genetic dynamics of the pathogen over a 10-year period by subjecting their DNA to PCR analysis using SSR primers. Twenty-three (23) F. xylarioides isolates obtained from 3 coffee growing regions in Uganda were used to study the genetic dynamics of the pathogen as of 2020 using SSR markers. The results revealed that all the environmental factors studied were significant to the spread of the disease. However, it was revealed that rainfall (R= 0.8680, R=1), temperature (R= 0.8680, R=1, R=-1) and humidity (R=0.76, R=1, R=-1) were key in the spread of the pathogen. The study observed 0.00% genetic variation in the F. xylarioides population in Uganda over a 10-year period. The study also observed 0.00% genetic variation in the pathogen populations from the 3 coffee growing regions of Uganda as of 2020. This implies the spread of the pathogen in Uganda is mainly due to the environmental factors and not the pathogen genetic diversity. However, there is need of consistent annual data collection and storage, and use of a variety of molecular markers in a diverse study
Deconstructing the psychosexual myths of female circumcision among the Pokot in Eastern Uganda: hints for public health campaigns
No full textSexualization of the woman’s body has for years been used to promote the
practice of female circumcision in practicing communities. In this study, we
provide an insight into the constructive psychosexual experiences of uncir-
cumcised Pokot women in Eastern Uganda. This phenomenological study
was based on thirty-five In-depth interviews with uncircumcised women.
A thematic analysis revealed six constructive psychosexual experiences;
less exposure to early marriages, fewer complications during menstrual
periods, amplified sexual pleasure, ease to reach orgasms, less exposure to
sexually transmitted infections, and good reception by men from non-female
circumcision communities. These experiences provide grounds for public
health campaigns against female circumcision and fighting stigmatization
of uncircumcised women
Coping with Intimate Partner Violence: Experiences of Male Victims Reporting at Katwe Police Station, Rubaga Municipality in Kampala District
No full textVarious pagings ;This study sought to gain insight into the experiences of Male Intimate Partner Violence and how they cope. It was, specifically, limited to exploring the physical, psychological, and sexual violence male victims experience; and exploring the coping strategies male victims of intimate partner violence employ, to manage the aforementioned Male Intimate Violence
from their partners. A qualitative research approach was used and data was collected from social workers and male victims of Intimate Partner Violence through Key Informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions using purposive sampling procedures. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic and content analysis with the aid of Atlas ti Version 8.0. The analyzed data was presented in the form of tables, coupled with verbatim explanations. This study established that males were physically violated through beatings, thrown at objects such as; cups, and plates, as well as being slapped and locked out of their houses in the night. This study revealed that men reported psychological abuse such as; verbal insults, being denied food, being falsely accused of cheating, being publicly ashamed, being cheated on, and experiencing abandonment, among others. This study also found out that men faced sexual violence through prolonged denial of sex, squeezing of their genitals, engaging in sexual intercourse against their consent, and threats of having their genitals cut. The current study established that the coping strategies employed by men to manage abuses were categorized into problem-focused, emotional-focused, avoidance, as well as seeking informal or formal support. Therefore, the study recommends that men should be sensitized about the available existing counselling and support services pertinent to their physical, psychological, and sexual experiences of Intimate Male Violence among men. It further recommends that laws and regulations that are silent about male IPV should be enacted and strengthened to protect men against the different forms of physical, psychological, and sexual experiences of IPV among men.
Key words: Intimate Partner Violence, Coping Strategies, Male Victims
Clinical placement support as a means of enhancing critical care competences among icu nursing trainees. A case of Uganda heart institute, mulago.
No full textxi, 146 p. : ill. (some col.) ;Modern and active teaching and learning methods form an important and integral part in the education of nursing trainees; the acquisition of adequate and relevant skills lead to development of competencies and critical thinking skills, which are relevant in the word of work and ensure patient safety in critical care department. Clinical placement support involves timely assessments, practical hands-on training, mentoring and timely evaluations and feedback, and requires trained and competent critical care nurses, nursing faculty and instructors. Declining clinical placement support during placement was the primary concern, as the nursing trainees are not adequately prepared to deliver cardiac critical care services due to knowledge and practice gaps.
This study aimed at improving critical care competencies by empowering ICU nursing trainees with knowledge and skills through practical clinical placement support that bridges the gap that exists in the training process
The study employed a participatory action research design, with qualitative and quantitative data sources, guided by the future workshop model. Participation in the action research was voluntary, collaborative and all the stakeholders actively participated. These included; twenty-three (23) stakeholders, ten (10) ICU nursing trainees, two (2) intern nurses, four (4) nursing educators, one (1) cardiorespiratory therapist, two (2) biomedical engineers, one (1) cardiologist and three (3) nursing assessors. Observation, demonstration, education sessions, clinical practice, procedure reviews, key informant interviews, focus-group discussions, critical care nurse competence checklist and photography where employed as methods of data collection. Both descriptive and comparative approaches where used to analyze the data. The Critical care nursing assessment competency checklist was developed and used during the project implementation; to ensure active learning and participation; the nursing trainees, ICU staff and the researcher participated in all the aspects of the project that included planning, development of the assessment tool, assessment, training and evaluation of competences.
As a result, work-based training using applicable pedagogical approaches of learning by doing, inquiry based learning, reflective practice and simulations quickened the realization and application of desired competencies. . It was recommended that the tool be reviewed and adopted by other departments, more time allocated by clinical instructors to learners, the critical care management should set minimum rotation durations that all ICU nursing trainees should adhere too, collaboration between MOES and MOH institutions to ensure longer clinical placements. In conclusion, the critical care nurse competence checklist would serve as a guide in the assessment of competences, development and training of skills among ICU nursing trainees