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Effect of climate variability and change on millet production in Gweri Subcounty, Soroti district, Uganda
No full textxii, 65 p. : ill. (some col.) ;The study examined the effect of climate variability and change on millet production in Gweri Sub County Soroti district. The specific objective were; to determine the trend of climate change and variability, assess farmers perceptions on the effects of climate change and climate variability on millet grain yields and to determine farmers adaptation practices to climate change and climate variability in Gweri Sub County, Soroti district. A cross sectional survey was adopted and data collection involved both use of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was collected from 80 households including farmers and extension workers in Gweri sub county Soroti district. Data was analysed using statistical package SPSS version 16. Result show predicted increase in rainfall and mean temperature of gweri sub county by the year 2039 respectively. Respondents acknowledged that rainfall amounts have changed, onset and cessation are dynamic, and a decline in millet yields attributed to climate variability and change was reported. The most prominent coping mechanisms include growing improved crops varieties, mixed cropping planting of 2nd season crops in 1st season and planting of 1st season crops in 2nd season due to change in climate, shifting from water stressed and flood prone areas and adjusting on planting dates and crop diversification.
In conclusion, both climate models, namely RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5, predict an increase in annual rainfall, with values of 1830.6 and 1651.9 mm, respectively, for the year 2031. This trend is followed by similar peaks in the years 2036 and 2033. Additionally, the same models forecast a sustained and consistent rise in annual mean temperatures for Gweri Sub County, reaching 27.56°C in the year 2039, with similar high levels expected in 2032 and 2035. It's noteworthy that throughout this period, the annual mean temperatures remain within the optimal range of 26°C, favoring the growth of millet. This information was generated with the assistance of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AGMIP), which contributed to the prediction of increased annual rainfall, and data analysis was executed to provide these valuable insights
Phytochemical investigation of Alstonia Boonei for Antimicrobial activities
No full textx, 48 p. : ill. (some col.) ;Alstonia boonei was investigated with the aim of identifying bioactive compounds present in its leaves. The plant was chosen because it is one of the most widely used plants in traditional herbalimedicine. The leaves of Alstonia boonei were collected from Nakawuka village, Wakiso District, Central Uganda, in November 2017. Extraction of the crude was done by soaking the dry powdered leaves in a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (1:1, iv/v) followed by preliminary phytochemical screening. Isolation and purification of compounds was carried out using Column Chromatography over silica gel and the extent of separation was monitored using Thin Layer Chromatography(TLC). Bioactivity of ithe crude extract, as well as one isolated compound, was determined against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids. The isolated compounds were identified with the help of a combination of both 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. Two compounds were isolated and identified; viz: an amide derivative, trans fagaramide (1) and a triterpene, lupeol i(2).
Compound 1 is hereby reported for the first time from the genus Alstonia. The crude extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against E. coli in the disc diffusion assay with a diameter zone of inhibition of 20 mm and moderately active against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (diameter zone of inhibition of 10 and 9 mm, respectively), but it was inactive against S. typhi. Trans-fagaramide showed moderate antibacterial activities in the disc diffusion assay with zones of inhibition (diameter) of 13, 12, 10 and 10 imm against S. typhi, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli, respectively.
The minimum inhibitory concentration of trans-fagaramide was 125 mg/mL against P. Aeruginosa and 250 mg/mL against the rest of the test bacterial strains. The results in this study justify the use of Alstonia boonei in the management of infectious diseases by traditional healers
The use of geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies in generation of information used to mitigate risks from landslide disasters: an application review
No full textLandslides, whether induced by nature, or human activities, are one of the most prominent disasters which are of great concern in the world. They cause a lot of havoc to the environment hence a necessity to avoid them whenever possible. This literature review is basically aimed at finding out how Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologiesare used in avoiding landslides and risks associated with them at different levels; Challenges encountered while using GIS and RS techniques for landslide disaster risk reduction are identified; and therefore, dealing with them requires the involvement of developed countries who have the capacity to provide the necessary equipment to the developing countries that are faced with disasters. This study discusses the use of GIS and RS in mitigation of risks from landslides, and mainly points out how these techniques are applied to avoid disaster risks. Secondary data was reviewed from journal articles, institutional reports, and online publications from similar studies. GIS and RS tools are important in predicting, monitoring and managing landslide disasters. It was concluded that GIS and RS tools provide cheaper, reliable, and faster techniques of accessing spatial data in a given area, therefore regarded as essential technologies that may be necessary for predicting landslide occurrences, these technologies need to be considered in communities which are prone to landslides
The shadow economy and education in Uganda: Is there a long-run relationship?
No full textUsing time series data from Uganda covering the period from 1991 to 2017, this paper applies auto regressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to examine the long- and short-run relationship between education and the shadow economy. We find evidence of the long-run relationship. The results indicate that an increase in both primary and secondary school enrolment significantly reduce the size of the shadow economy in
the long run, all else equal. The above relationship is robust to alternative specification and estimation methods. We also uncover bidirectional causal relationship between education and the shadow economy. In the short run, increased school enrolment reduces the shadow economy but in an insignificant manner. At the policy level, the existence of a negative
relationship between education and the shadow economy suggests that mitigating informality requires reforming education
system to address issues of quality. Additionally, addressing informality may require improving the economic and
financial environment so that the needs and obstacles faced by individuals and or businesses are handled. Furthermore, reforming the political and institutional environment may go a long way into mitigating the expansion of the shadow economy in Uganda and Africa in general
Institutional culture and academic performance of government aided primary schools in Bbaale County, Kayunga district
No full textx, 67 p. : ill. (col.) ;The study explored the influence of institutional culture on academic performance of the schools aided by the government in Bbaale County, Kayunga District. The study aimed at; assessing the influence of teacher professionalism on academic performance, exploring the influence of teacher collaboration on academic performance and investigating the impact of teacher involvement on academic performance of the government aided primary schools. A cross sectional survey research design was adopted on a sample of 74 head teachers, 10 directors of studies and 2 inspectors of schools. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, an interview guide and documentary review guide. Data collected was then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data collected using the self-administered questionnaire was then entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 24.0) from where it was analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate levels. Qualitative data was collected using a pretested interview guide and the data was later analyzed using content analysis. The study found out that the three institutional culture elements namely; teacher professionalism, teacher collaboration and teacher involvement had no influence on academic performance. This implied that these being standard professional components of teaching, they may be lacking other supporting factors in order to influence academic performance. It was therefore concluded that teacher professionalism and academic performance to a greater extent didn't impact on academic performance, teacher collaboration does not significantly support academic performance and teacher involvement is not a dominant factor for academic performance in the government aided primary schools.
Therefore, the study recommends that teachers should integrate professionalism with academic performance of schools, collaboration should be practiced in a way that enhance teacher contribution to academic performance of schools and teacher involvement in managerial activities should focus more on the learning aspect in the schools which is the core function
The relationship between water pressure variations and drinking-water quality in small water supplies: A case of Mukono District, Uganda
No full textThe supply of a safe and adequate quantity of water is essential for human health and socioeconomic devel-
opment. Physiochemical and microbiological quality of water supplied in piped distribution systems can be
affected by long water residence times and travel distances. This may be due to low pressure, reservoir storage
and insufficient disinfection in the system among other causes. As such, large schemes usually have mechanisms
of improving the quality of water along supply and/or distribution networks at reservoir and other points. In
contrast, small, piped water supply schemes rarely have the infrastructure and resources to monitor and provide
treatment to the water in distribution. The objective of this study was to assess the variation of water quality and
water pressure along the supply network in small, piped water systems. The study used mixed methods of
quantitative water quality and pressure assessments, alongside stakeholder interviews, to investigate the vari-
ability of water pressure and specific water quality parameters across the distribution network, and reliability of
supply in two different small water supply schemes in the study area of Mukono, Uganda. Results showed water
pressure in small, piped water supply networks have minimal influence on variation of selected water quality
parameters in smaller (< 4000 m travel distances) and well operated and maintained systems. A pressure drop
from 82.2 m to 22.5 m changed Turbidity by < 1, Apparent Color by < x10 and Total Dissolved Solids by < x102.
Proper management of supply systems to ensure optimal residual and continuous pressure can safeguard the
quality of water in the distribution systems of small piped water networks against intrusion of contaminants.
Good management practice that utilizes historical operational data with continuous capacity development and
training support on water quality and pressure fluctuations can significantly improve system performance to
meet acceptable standards
A critical study of selected bamasaaba marriage songs
No full textx, 100 p. ;The study investigates the literariness of selected Bamasaaba Marriage Songs in Namunsi Sub-county, Mbale district. The study was guided by three objectives which include: examination of the moral underpinnings of the Bamasaaba marriage songs; examining the aesthetic value of the selected Bamasaaba marriage songs; and analysis of the aesthetic value of Bamasaaba marriage songs. Aware that stability in a marriage requires a stable mental state, among others, the study was anchored on the psychoanalytic literary theory to analyse the selected traditional marriage songs. Both fieldwork and library-based research methodologies were used to garner both primary and secondary data—articles, textbooks, journals, newspapers and interviews form the major sources of the data used in the study. The researcher also supplemented with some interviews where data collected from respondents, such as, opinion leaders, married couples and youths had to align with what was in the field. A qualitative research approach was adopted where themes derived from the study objectives guided the analysis. The study findings revealed that traditional marriage songs were important in fostering marriage stability by offering guidance on marriages among the Bamasaaba through the promotion and preservation of moral, therapeutic and aesthetic values. However, it was discovered that little was being done by the elders and cultural leaders in teaching children traditional marriage songs, as the responsibility for teaching these songs heavily depended on schools. Finally, the study recommends that elders get time to teach children the traditional marriage songs since they play an integral role in the stability of marriages, among others. Parents should take time to teach their children traditional marriage songs which instill morals and prepare young couples for their marriage. Local producers and composers should produce and store traditional marriage songs so that they can be accessed anytime and anywhere
Examining female circumcision among the sabinys from an oral literature’s perspective
No full textix, 86 p. ;The study examined female circumcision among the Sabiny from an Oral literature perspective. The objectives of the study were; to examine how the Sabiny myths illustrate the centrality of female circumcision, to analyze how Sebei oral poetry glorifies and justifies the circumcision of girls and women and to find out how rituals facilitate the thinking that everything Sabiny girls and women need to know about their culture is through circumcision. The population of study was gotten from people of the communities of Kapchorwa, Kween and Bukwo districts and it comprised of both Sabiny males and females aged 15 years and above, local surgeons and representatives of community Based Organizations. The study employed an exploratory qualitative research design. This design was used because little or nothing has been studied in relation to how important oral literature is in cementing the process of female circumcision in Sebei Sub region, thus filling the gap. Being a literature research, qualitative approach was used. Data was collected using Focus Group Discussion (FGD‟s) and Interviews. The findings indicated that Sabiny myths are a core and central in issues of female circumcision. Sebei oral poetry not only glorifies but also justifies the circumcision of girls and women in areas of instilling courage, the feel of identity, pride, rewarding the initiates and asserting the compulsoriness of FGC. It further found that there are a number of rituals performed on candidates throughout the circumcision process. It is these rituals that facilitate the thinking that Sabiny women and girls need to be circumcised if they should know anything about themselves and their culture. The myths continue to guide and shape the Sabiny women and girls in their day-to-day life. The Sabiny poems /songs have ethical and aesthetic aspects of the tribe in their meaning and performance and so still remain important and of value to people. Thus, they can still be used to glorify other aspects of tradition in general in areas of soothing the gods and ancestors on matters related to life, identity as a tribe, honor and continuity of culture
The use of information communication technology (ICT) and effective teaching and learning: a comparative study of Kyambogo and Makerere universities
No full textVarious Pagings ;The study set out to find out in a comparative manner whether use of ICT led to effective teaching and learning in Kyambogo and Makerere Universities. The objectives of the study were to determine how ICT literacy is related to effective teaching and learning, to find out the effects of ICT connectivity on teaching and learning and to establish the relevancy of ICT infrastructure in teaching and learning at Kyambogo and Makerere universities. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional research design that employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 399 respondents including students, lecturers, deans, and heads of departments participated. Structured questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data.Data were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics specifically frequencies, percentages, means, correlation, basic linear regression and t-test analyses while qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. Findings indicated that the level of ICT literacy had a weak positive and significant relationship with teaching and learning at both Kyambogo University and Makerere University. The study also found out that ICT connectivity had a strong positive and significant effect on teaching and learning at both Kyambogo University and Makerere University. The study further revealed that ICT infrastructure had a strong positive and significant effect on teaching and learning at Kyambogo University but a weak positive and significant effect on teaching and learning at Makerere University. It was concluded that ICT enabling factors which include ICT literacy, connectivity, and infrastructure play a significant and fundamental role in improving teaching and learning at Kyambogo and Makerere universities. It was recommended that more training should be provided to all students and lecturers on how to use and apply the different ICT tools in the teaching and learning process at the universities. More effort should be put in providing accessibility to internet in all areas within the universities and the infrastructure being average in both universities, the universities should ensure that the computers equipped in the different computer laboratories are fully functional and fully installed with the latest and necessary software that are required by different students
Analysing the role of integrated farm Plan environmental approaches and conservation of the Manafwa watershed, eastern Uganda
No full textxi, 84 p. : ill. (col.) ;The government of Uganda is committed to watershed conservation practices in the Manafwa river valley. Interventions have been made through Northern Uganda Social Action Fund, National Forestry Authority, National Environmental Management Authority and Manafwa Watershed Restoration and Stewardship in order to reduce watershed degradation. The implementation of MWARES has been in place for the last two years. This study was therefore intended to analyse the role of Integrated Farm Plan environmental approaches and conservation of the Manafwa watershed, Eastern Uganda. This was operationalized by specifically studying the locational characteristics of the area where the schools are found, the forms and process of activity integration within the watershed, the networking and collaboration strategies and the influence of pupils’ environmental awareness on watershed management. In further execution, the study adopted both a correlational research design to establish associations among variables and mixed methods to avail comprehensive conclusions. A sample of 214 respondents was selected using both purposive, and simple random sampling techniques, where 209 were from pupil environmental club participants and five of them from club patrons. The study availed descriptive, inferential, and qualitative findings after using a questionnaire, an interview guide, and observation checklist for data collection. By using Binary regression analysis, the study found that the forms and process of activity integration within Manafwa watershed from Bukalasi, Bushika, and Bushiyi had significant Beta values of 0.95, 0.96 and 0.96 respectively. Pupils' strategies of networking and collaboration in Manafwa watershed had a low positive effect with Beta values 0.38, 0.17 and 0.22 from Bushiyi, Bukalasi and Bushika Sub- Counties respectively. Pupils’ environmental awareness in all the three Sub-counties of Bukalasi, Bushika and Bushiyi had significant Beta values of 0.78, 0.86 and 0.85 respectively for watershed management. The study thus recommends that strategies like training pupils on how to put value to PIP products like fruits and bananas so as to generate funds to run their activities, training them on tree nursery bed establishment so as to ensure availability of trees to be planted in schools and for sale in the community and banana management, head teachers and classroom teachers to adequately timetable environmental club activities and constantly pass on conservation messages during classroom sessions, assemblies and budgeting for such activities. Further, district officials and partners like MWARES should train and retrain teachers to orient them towards environmental conservation responsibilities and occasionally organise environmental club competitions to boost competitiveness among schools