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Enhancing African indigenous knowledge collection management in Ugandan public university libraries: lived experiences of senior library staff
No full textVarious studies in library and information science have emphasized that indigenous knowledge management is still a neglected area and a challenge in the discipline of information management. However, the rationale for this neglect and driving challenges in university libraries has not been documented from the practitioner's perspective. This chapter shares lived experiences from experienced senior staff of public University libraries in Uganda regarding the management of African Indigenous knowledge collections. The study uses the theoretical lens of Wilson's information behavior model interpolated with participants' views to gain insight into the perspectives of the practitioners. The findings revealed challenges in lack of appropriate metadata descriptors to accommodate this knowledge, biased knowledge organization tools that are incompatible with African indigenous knowledge metadata characteristics, and limited funding in university libraries for research and indigenous knowledge collection development
Antimicrobial, Growth, Acid and Aroma Properties of the Dominant Microflora Isolated at Different Stages of Gouda Cheese Production
No full textxii, 66 p. : ill. (some col.) ;The microflora of Gouda cheese is dominated by starter culture lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) and non-starter organisms, which are not deliberately added. Both of these groups of microorganisms are responsible for development of the cheese flavor and organoleptic properties during ripening. This study generally aimed to characterize the dominant microbial species at different stages of Gouda cheese production in order to identify non-starter bacterial strains with positive effects for possible application as starter culture adjuncts in fermented dairy matrices.
Ten (10) independent samples from the Gouda cheese production line at Sanatos Dairies (U) Limited were collected at each of the following stages of production: raw milk, pasteurized milk, non-spiced Gouda cheese of one week, non-spiced Gouda cheese of one month, and spiced Gouda cheese of one month. The samples were enumerated within 8 h, for total viable counts (TVC), yeast and molds, total Lactococci, Staphylococcus spp., total coliforms/E. coli and total LAB using standard protocols. After enumeration of plates, colonies with different morphologies were purified (isolated) and examined for cell morphologies, Gram reaction and biochemical characteristics for presumptive identification and subsequently speciated the bacterial isolates using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The dominant species were examined for genetic diversity using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) clustering. Selected isolates from each of the major clusters were evaluated for antimicrobial activity, growth, acid and aroma production capacity in Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk in order to prospect their possible application as starter culture adjuncts in fermented milk.
LAB (2.34 - 7.77 log CFU/g) dominated the microflora of raw milk and cheese samples. TVC in respective samples corresponded with LAB counts implying that LAB were the major organisms in different samples examined. Of the 125 microbial isolates, 121 (96.8%) were found to be bacteria and were presumptively identified as Staphylococcus spp. (26.5%), Streptococcus, or Enterococcus (23.9%), Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Eschericia coli, Salmonella, Proteus, Serratia, or Yersinia (19%), Bacillus, Streptomyces, Listeria or Corynebacterium (9.9%) and Lactobacillus or Clostridium were 14.1%. 16S rDNA sequence analysis delineated 28 species with Lactococcus lactis (12.5%), Streptococcus lutetiensis (8.8%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (5%) being the major LAB species detected in all cheese samples; the rest of the isolates were either spoilage or pathogenic bacteria that could have found their way into the cheese post production. UPGMA clustering of these organisms associated them according to their different species and source of isolation; L. lactis from non-spiced Gouda cheese matured for one week were clustered together with L. lactis from spiced Gouda cheese matured for one month implying similar genetic relatedness. Each of the S. lutetiensis and L. plantarum clusters were only obtained from spiced Gouda cheese matured for one month. Thus, Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum were evaluated further for growth, antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic bacterial strains, acid and aroma production properties.
Single and mixed cultures of these organisms had similar growth patterns. All isolates inhibited E. coli, Salmonella and S. aureus on solid media assays but only one isolate of Lc. lactis (Gw-05) inhibited E. coli and Salmonella in the cell-free supernatant assay. In single culture, Lc. lactis had better acid production properties than Lb. plantarum. Mixed of these organisms enhanced acid production. During short term ripening, L. plantarum synthesized more organic acids, ketones, esters and aldehydes (13.7%, 2.3%, 9.3%, and 0.8%, respectively) than L. lactis which mostly produced organic acids and esters (38.7%, 6.6%, respectively). Co-culture of these organisms inhibited aroma production; only three organic acids and one ester were produced. During long term ripening, each of L. lactis and L. plantarum only produced organic acids and esters. However, L. plantarum produced more esters than L. lactis. Co-culture of the organisms enhanced aroma production resulting from synthesis of organic acids, esters and one ketone.
It was therefore concluded that LAB dominate the microflora of Gouda cheese production. L. lactis has better prospects for application as primary starter culture in dairy products because they promote rapid acidification of milk, which is desirable for curd formation. Short-term fermentation of milk by single culture of L. lactis and L. plantarum enhance aroma production, while long term ripening enhances aroma production in mixed culture. Single cultures of these organisms could therefore enhance aroma formation in yoghurt, which requires short-term fermentation, whereas mixed culture could be applied in cheese, which requires long-term ripening
Financial literacy and adoption of formal financial services among small business traders: a case study of nakawa market
No full textxiii, 68 p. ;The study analyzed the relationship between financial literacy and adoption of formal financial services among SMEs in Nakawa. More specifically, the study was intended to (i) Analyse the relationship between financial knowledge and adoption of formal financial services among SMEs in Nakawa market, (ii) Analyse the relationship between financial skills and adoption of formal financial services among SMEs in Nakawa market and (3) Analyze the relationship between attitude about formal financial services and adoption of financial services. The study was based on a cross sectional research design targeting 380 Small and Medium Business men and women in Nakawa market. The analysis of the relationship between the different components of financial literacy and adoption of formal financial services was done using Pearson correlation tests and the logistic regression model. The main findings of the study are that financial knowledge has a significant positive relationship with the adoption of formal financial services (Correlation coefficient=0.252 p=0.000). Similarly, financial skills also have a significant relationship with adoption of formal financial services at all conventional levels (Correlation coefficient=0.467 p=0.000). The study also found a significant relation between attitude towards financial services and adoption of the formal financial services (Correlation coefficient=0.364 p=0.000). As a way forward, the study recommends that financial literacy programmes should not only focus on sensitizing the population about the available financial services. If significant results are to be achieved, the programmes should offer a complete set that includes sensitization about the available financial services as well as training the population with the hands-on skills to be able to use the available financial services. Lastly, banks and other financial services providers should also be deliberate about improving their public image especially when it comes to the manner in which they demand for loan repayments. This will result into positive attitudes towards banks
Demographic, population, and social change in Uganda 1990–2019
No full textUganda recorded an increase in population from 9.5 million in 1969 to 34.6 million in 2014, representing an increase of 264.21%. The fertility rate in Uganda declined from 6.9 to 5.4 children per woman between 1995 and 2016, respectively. In addition, age dependency in Uganda has recorded a significant increase from 97% to 101% from 1996 to 2014. This chapter is based on a study which examined the effect of demographics and population growth on social change in Uganda and specifically determined the effect of age dependency on school enrollment, established the effect of the total fertility rate on the labor force, and examined the effect of population growth on the proportion of seats held in parliament with bias on women. The study was guided by an exploratory research design under the confinement of quantitative approaches and used secondary data. The results indicated that the age dependency ratio has a significant positive effect on female enrollment in tertiary institutions (P-value < 0.05), age dependency ratio has a significant and positive effect on male enrollment in tertiary institutions at a 5% level of significance, the total fertility rate has a significant negative effect on female labor force (B = -1.618, P-value < 0.05), the total fertility rate has a significant positive effect on male labor force (B=1.410, P-value < 0.05), and there is a positive and significant effect of population growth on the proportion of seats held by women in national parliament (B = 0.825, P-value < 0.05). The study concluded that there is a need for more effort to fight dependency among the Ugandan population in order to enhance both male and female enrollment in tertiary institutions; government and development partners should design programs and interventions to fight the rising total fertility rate because it affects active female involvement in the labor force; and there is need to implement more programs that foster women participation in parliamentary elections. The government should set up more programs and interventions that support people in unproductive age, especially those above 64 years; the Ministry of Education should address barriers that limit female enrollment in tertiary institutions and should effectively implement its policies, i.e., gender in education policy which promotes gender equality and girl child education
Promoting entrepreneurial skills acquisition through project based learning for sustainable business startups: a case of kololo senior secondary school-Kampala
No full textxi, 56 p. : ill. (some col.) ;Acquisition of entrepreneurial skills is crucial to creating independent and sustainable economic activities that result into stable economic growth and development. However many teachers and facilitators feel that entrepreneurship education is taught theoretically given the high level of unemployment of 1.72% by 2019 which increased to 2.44% in 2020 out of which 2.48% are the unemployed youths in Uganda ILO (2019). A study to examine entrepreneurial skills acquisition through project based learning for sustainable business startups, was conducted in Kololo Senior Secondary School-Kampala in Nakawa Division. A participatory action research was used which employed qualitative research as a research approach and it was guided by three objectives: to identify strategies that can be adopted to use project-based learning approach for entrepreneurial skills acquisition in school, analyze the implementation of the strategies of project-based learning approach for entrepreneurial skills acquisition and evaluate the use of project-based learning approaches in relation to entrepreneurial skills acquisition. The study used an action research design and a sample population of 20 respondents, comprising of 3 administrators, 3 business education teachers, and 14 entrepreneurship students. Purposive sampling methods were used in the non-probability-sampling category. Primary and secondary sources of data collection were explored during the study. The qualitative data was summarized, and categorized while the quantitative was analyzed using the statistical packages for the social scientist (SPSS) computer program. Correlation and regression analysis were used to establish the relationship between the study variables to come up with logical conclusive arguments of the study findings. The findings revealed that effective implementation of projects in schools is required to enhance practical business skills acquisition. It is done by adopting strategies such as improving teacher commitment, combining projects with learning and choosing easy subjects. It was revealed that learners do participate in school-based projects through entrepreneurship clubs through which they acquire the practical skills that are help them develop business ideas after school. It was recommended that learning institutions should put in place a follow up system for their learners’ in the business world to ascertain the extent to which entrepreneurial skills are being used to put up successful enterprises. Government should increase its budgetary allocation in entrepreneurship education centers and schools for such school projects to become real demonstration centers. Sensitizing all stakeholders in the education sector about the need new competence-based curriculum (CBC) that trains learners to acquire employable skills, this will further cement the need for school-based projects for entrepreneurial skills acquisition
Effects of land use and land cover change on people’s livelihoods in Kira municipality, central Uganda
No full textxii, 88 p. : ill. (some col.) ;Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes have been experienced globally due to pressure from the ever-increasing human populations and environmental conditions associated with climate change and the resultant effects on livelihoods derived thereof. This study investigated LULC Change on people’s livelihoods in Kira Municipality, Central Uganda. Specifically, the study was set to; (i) determine the extent of LULC Change in Kira Municipality between 2000 and 2021, (ii) establish the perceived drivers of LULC Change and, (iii) assess the impact of LULC Change on people’s livelihood types in Kira Municipality. Landsat 7 and 8 images were accessed and downloaded from the United States Geological Survey’s earth explorer portal and were used for determining LULC Changes for three periods (2000, 2011 & 2021). The obtained images were taken through pre-processing, processing and post-processing steps in Arc GIS 10.4 software. For LULC Change analysis, a supervised maximum livelihood classification and discriminate analysis computations were done. Additionally, the socio-economic field data was collected from purposively selected households in the study area for analysis of the perceived drivers of LULC Change and their impact on people’s livelihood types. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis techniques. The results revealed a marked Change in LULC between 2000 and 2021 with a wide increase in the built-up land (33.5%), a decline in wetland, farmland and forest land. The Change in LULC, were largely driven by demographic and institutional factors related to rapidly growing population and limited supervision respectively. These fueled intensification of settlements, industrial and infrastructural developments. Furthermore, LULC Change impacted on livelihoods by influencing human livelihood types which were largely positive because they are the greatest employers of the majority of the population and so sustaining numerous lives in this Municipality. Such types of livelihoods were mainly transportation, building and construction and trade work/services. It is concluded that there were significant Changes in LULC in Kira Municipality in the last two decades, driven by increase in human populations in this area. It is therefore recommended that vertical development is embraced to check on the escalating urban population and also regulate Land Uses in ecologically sensitive ecosystems like wetlands and forests in this area that are associated with habitant losses in terms of land and its resources
Facile synthesis and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with hydroxyapatite from cattle horns for adsorptive removal of fluoride
No full textDeveloping a new adsorbent for fluoride removal from cattle horn waste materials by a facile chemical method has shown great potential for fluoride removal. This paper reports the synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with hydroxyapatite from cattle horns (MWCNT-CH) using a facile chemical method. Characterization studies using standard techniques showed that the composite is mesoporous with a rough morphology and contained MWCNTs uniformly encapsulated by the hydroxyapatite forming a crystalline MWCNT-CH composite. Optimization of fluoride adsorption by the as-synthesized composite using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) showed that a maximum fluoride removal efficiency of 80.21% can be attained at initial fluoride concentration = 10 mg/L, pH = 5.25, adsorbent dose = 0.5 g and a contact time of 78 min. ANOVA indicates contribution of the process variables in descending order as pH > contact time > adsorbent dose > initial fluoride concentration. Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.9991) best described the process, and the maximum adsorption capacity of fluoride onto the as-synthesized MWCNT-CH composite was 41.7 mg/g. Adsorption kinetics data were best fitted in the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9969), indicating chemisorption. The thermodynamic parameter ( Δ H = 13.95 J/mol and Δ S = 65.76 J/mol/K) showed that fluoride adsorption onto the MWCNT-CH composite was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-driving process. Moreover, the adsorption mechanism involves ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, and hydrogen bonding. Fluoride was successfully desorbed (using 0.1 M NaOH) from the composite in four cycles, retaining fluoride removal efficiency in the fourth cycle of 57.3%
Institutional pressures, top management commitment and social sustainable procurement in Uganda
No full textxiv, 88 p. : ill. ;This study investigated the mediating role of top management commitment in the relationship between institutional pressures and social sustainable procurement in manufacturing firms in Uganda. A cross-sectional survey and descriptive design survey were used obtain data from 200 out of 458 manufacturing firms selected using simple random sampling. The Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze data using SmartPLS 4.0.9.0. The findings revealed that all study variables institutional pressures, top management commitment and social sustainable procurement have a significant positive association. Further results show that top management commitment partially mediates the relationship between institutional pressures and social sustainable procurement within manufacturing firms with a variance accounted for (VAF) of 23%. We therefore conclude that institutional pressure directly relates with social sustainable procurement as well as top management commitment so institutional pressures alone can cause the manufacturing firm to adapt social sustainable procurement but also top management commitment is also necessary. We recommend that manufacturing firms comply with institutional pressures in their bid to implement social sustainable procurement and this achieved by adhering to suppliers' operational processes, incorporating particular practices/activities utilized by external suppliers in our procurement methods, and making sure we satisfy customer requests to prevent them from terminating contracts. We also recommend top management commitment is necessary in the bid to implement social sustainable procurement and this is achieved by engaging in supply chain partnering
Proximate, mineral, fatty acid composition and quality of the oil obtained from landrace and improved sesame (sesamum indicum) seeds grown in northern Uganda
No full textxi, 70 p. ;Uganda is the seventh sesame-producing country in Africa and ninth in the world. Sesame is a non-traditional cash crop with tremendous export potential. Data on composition of sesame in Uganda is scarce, making the planning of the sesame value chain a challenge. Landraces (Ajimo, Otara, Arut) and improved sesame seeds (Sesim I, Sesim II and Sesim III) were obtained from MAAIF Vegetable Oil Development Project (VODP-Phase 2) and NaSARRI, respectively. Proximate composition was determined using methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Fatty acids (FA) were determined as FAME using GC-FID. Minerals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Quality parameters; refractive index (RI), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), and iodine value (IV) of oil extracted from sesame seeds were determined by AOAC and the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS) methods. Findings from the study showed a significant difference in moisture, fat, protein, crude fibre, crude ash and carbohydrates between the landrace and improved seeds. FA composition was variable between landraces and improved sesame seeds. The major FA of sesame oil were oleic acid (18:1ꞷ9), linoleic acid (18:2ꞷ6), palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0). Unsaturated FA predominated over the SFA. Landraces had a higher content of 18:2ꞷ6 than the improved sesame seeds while improved sesame seeds had higher amounts of 18:1ꞷ9. Mineral concentrations varied from 521.45 to 665.15 mg/100 g for P, 315.70 to 458.22 mg/100 g for K, 199.60 to 363.16 mg/100 g for Mg, 69.29 to 83.15 mg/100 g for Na, 50.42 to 56.40 mg/100 g for Ca, 2.32 to 2.86 mg/100 g for Fe, 1.12 to 2.77 mg/100 g for Zn and 1.13 to 1.59 mg/100 g for Cu. Oil quality parameters were within the international standards for oils meant for human consumption. These findings provide insights on nutrient composition of sesame seeds in Uganda, highlighting their potential health benefits and quality for culinary use and oil extraction
Performance management and teacher effectiveness in government aided primary schools in bulaago coordinating centre, bulambuli district, Uganda
No full textx, 132 p. : ill. ;This study investigated the relationship between performance management and teacher effectiveness in primary schools in Bulaago Coordinating Centre, Bulambuli District, Uganda. The specific objectives that guided the study were; to assess the relationship between goal setting and teacher effectiveness in primary schools in Bulaago Centre Schools; to examine the relationship between performance appraisal and teachers’ effectiveness’ in primary schools in Bulaago Centre Schools; and to analyse the relationship between career development and teachers’ effectiveness in primary schools in Bulaago Centre Schools. A correlational research design was employed on a sample of 102 teachers for the questionnaire. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using quantitative methods. Quantitative data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Inferential analysis involved structural equation modelling (SEM) which was used to test relationships between the study variables. The results revealed that goal setting had positive and significant relationship with teacher effectiveness, therefore the hypotheses were accepted. However, performance management appraisal had positive but insignificant with teacher effectiveness, hence the hypothesis was rejected. It was concluded that performance management elements namely goal setting and career development were imperative for teacher effectiveness while performance appraisal was not essential for teacher effectiveness. However, performance management appraisal had positive but insignificant relationship with teacher effectiveness. It was concluded that goal setting is important for teacher effectiveness, the way performance appraisal is implemented does not enhance teacher effectiveness and career development is necessary for teacher effectiveness. Therefore, it is recommended that administrators should emphasize goal setting in the management of schools, implement performance appraisal in a way that enhances teacher effectiveness, and support teacher career development to enhance their effectiveness