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Reflections on Social Justice in the Promotion of Biotechnology Crops and Institutionalisation of Food Values among Smallholder Farmers in Central Uganda
No full textP. (1-19) ;The academic discourse of agricultural biotechnology carries a lot of information on how biotechnology crops are crucial in realizing food security once they are fully adopted by farmers. Biotechnology crops are seen as the solution to ameliorate the Malthusian catastrophe of population increase threatening food security. While studies on agricultural biotechnology are increasing, they mainly focus on how the new agriculture science produces crops with desirable traits in supporting food production interventions. Few studies have concerned themselves with the social justice implications among smallholder farmers, posed by institutionalised agricultural biotechnology knowledge with its sophistication. This paper addresses itself to the above lacuna. The data collection used an embedded mixed method design with focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, non-participant observation,and questionnaire survey methods. The paper shows that mechanisms that are used to promote biotechnology crops are highly institutionalized. The institutions not only develop the biotechnology crops but also engage in mechanisms that encourage smallholder farmers to adopt these crops. The major social justice concerns addressed by this study are plant diversity, equity and commercialization of biotechnology-generated seeds/crops, participation, and farming choices
Participation of people with disabilities due to Leprosy, Lymphatic Filariasis (LF), and other causes in Uganda
No full textP(1-22) ;Leprosy and lymphatic filariasis (LF) not only cause disfigurement and disability but also create social stigma hindering participation and inclusion of affected individuals. This is largely attributed to the limited knowledge and information about these conditions which contributes to misconceptions, exacerbating the stigma. This research project conducted in 2018–2019 investigated the participation of people with disabilities due to leprosy, LF, and other causes.
A mixed-methods approach was applied, using the participation scale (v6.0), focus group discussions, observation, and semi-structured interviews to attain comprehensive conclusions on the various aspects of the study.
Although the higher percentage perceive their disability to be moderate, 19.8% perceive their disability to be severe. A majority (59.4%) of the people affected by leprosy reported the need for protective footwear and other assistive devices. Although 26.5% experienced no participation restrictions at individual, family or community level, 24.8% experienced severe restrictions and 17% extreme participation restrictions. The study revealed that education played a pivotal role in mitigating participation restrictions across all categories. Those with higher education levels reported fewer restrictions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address educational disparities. 42.9% of persons with disabilities with vocational/tertiary education indicated no participation restrictions while 37.3% of people affected by leprosy with no education reported severe participation restrictions. The assessment also explored various aspects of participation, including equal opportunities and responsibilities, social interaction and confidence, and personal wellbeing and health. Disparities were observed, with individuals affected by LF exhibiting higher levels of social interaction and confidence compared to those affected by leprosy and other disabilities.
Knowledge and information, attitude, hygiene and lack of funds are key determinants of participation and inclusion of people affected by leprosy, LF, and disability due to other causes, while lack of information restricts effective planning for their inclusion. Improving self-care practices, providing knowledge and information on these conditions, and promoting equal access to resources and opportunities were identified is vital in enhancing participation and inclusion of the people affected by leprosy, LF and other disabilities. Accurate documentation, community-based rehabilitation, equal access to assistive devices, and advocacy efforts to combat stigma and promote understanding, are recommended to enhance participation and inclusion
A stochastic goal-based economic order quantity model for dairy products
No full textResilient efforts are still sought to optimize the inventory of dairy products under demand uncertainty. Several industries
operate under uncertainties that severely affect company performance. In this paper, a multi-objective goal programming
model is proposed to optimize the economic order quantity of dairy products under stochastic demand. Adopting a Markov
chain approach, the model initially defines the demand transition matrix, inventory cost matrix, objective function, priorities,
and goal constraints of dairy products. The model seeks to minimize the deviation variables from the targeted economic
order quantity and total inventory costs of dairy products over a finite period planning horizon. The sum of deviations is
minimized so that the actual economic order quantity and inventory costs meet the targeted levels of dairy products. Using
the simplex method, an analytical solution is obtained and a numerical example is presented for illustration; demonstrating
the overachievement or underachievement of the targeted economic order quantity and inventory costs of dairy products.
Results indicate how priority-based goal programming solution is sensitive to the highest priority to be achieved. The
proposed model can be effective where the relevant economic order quantity and inventory costs can be prioritized if
necessary
The effect of cow dung ash and banana peels ash as a filler on marshall and volumetric properties of hot mix asphalt
No full textxvi, 112 p. : ill. (col.) ;Increased cost of construction materials for flexible pavements has urged researchers to opt for alternative filler materials instead of the conventional cement filler towards greener materials. In this work, cow dung ash (CDA) and banana peels ash (BPA) were investigated as potential substitutes at varied percentage filler contents. The first approach involved replacing the 4 % cement filler content with 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % with either BPA or CDA filler materials in the Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Secondly, the cement filler material within the prepared HMA was fully replaced with either BPA or CDA filler materials at varied amounts of 2 %, 4 %, 6 % and 8 % each. Marshal and volumetric properties including voids in the mix, flow, voids in the mineral aggregate, stability, and voids filled with bitumen in both scenarios were evaluated. Indirect tensile strength (ITS) was obtained for the full cement filler material replacement condition. For partially replacing the cement filler material, optimum parameters were revealed at 50 % CDA and 50 % BPA. For 50 % CDA, voids in the mix, voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA), voids filled with bitumen (VFB), stability and flow were 4.4 %, 16.2 %, 72 %, 16.7 kN, and 3.6 mm respectively. Meanwhile, for 50% BPA, voids in the mix, VMA, VFB, stability and flow were 4.4 %, 16.1 %,72.7 %, 10.63 kN and 3.37 mm. On the other hand, optimum parameters for fully replacing the cement filler material were obtained at 4 % CDA and 4 % BPA. For 4 % CDA, voids in the mix, VMA, VFB, stability and flow were 3.89 %, 16.9 %, 77 %, 13.9 kN, and 3.61 mm respectively. Meanwhile, for 4% BPA, voids in the mix, VMA, VFB, stability and flow were 4.06 %, 16.98 %,76.08 %, 10.7 kN and 3.31 mm. An ITS of 93 % and 98 % for 4 % CDA and 4 % BPA were noted respectively. From the test results, the developed CDA and BPA materials met the Uganda MoWT general specifications for roads and bridges for lighter traffic loading less than 1x106 Equivalent standard axle (ESAS). Thus, the green filler materials portrayed a viable potentiality to substitute the cement filler in the HMA which fosters reduction in the overall cost of road construction materials. This will have a positive impact on the Sustainable Development Goals, specifically targeting SDG 9 (pertaining to Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), SDG 11 (focusing on Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 13 (centered around Climate Action)
Implications of a twelve-week aerobic exercise on functional work capacity in HIV positive clients on antiretroviral therapy
No full text8 p. ;The implications of aerobic exercise on functional work capacity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive clients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda have been established. ART and the efforts to scale it up have significantly improved the value of life and life’s hope of among PLHIV. Despite the presence of ART HIV disease is still seen in wards and a significant loss of life due to AIDS. This study provides useful information to the Ministry of Health of Uganda on the implications of aerobic exercises on functional work capacity as a clinical outcome to HIV positive clients in Uganda. This helps in refining the existing information on aerobic exercises and their relevancy in management of HIV positive clients. An experimental study was conducted among HIV positive clients who had been on treatment for at least 12 months prior to the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to a control group (Group 1), where no treatment was administered, and an experimental group (Group 2), where a twelve-week moderate intensity aerobic exercise was administered. Assessment of functional work capacity was done as a pre-test and post-test for both groups. The results showed that aerobic exercises significantly improved both heart rate and VO2max with p-values of <0.001 indicating a significant improvement of VO2max from 25.13 to 34.19ml/kg/min while the control group improved by 3.73ml/kg/min. Aerobic exercise can, therefore, improve the quality of life; reduce the cost of management, mobility and mortality rates in HIV positive clients on ART in Uganda
Genetic diversity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L. 1758) in native and introduced populations in East Africa
No full textFreshwater fish in East African Lakes are under severe threat due to the recently discovered oil
and gas in the Albertine Region and overfishing across the entire East African Region. The threats,
primarily caused by overfishing, are a matter of declining fish populations and a potential reduction
in genetic diversity in the surviving populations due to genetic drift. This study, therefore, is of
utmost importance as it assessed genetic diversity in seven populations, including five from native
and two from introduced populations. The assessment of genetic diversity in Oreochromis niloticus
was conducted using molecular markers in 128 samples. The results showed a moderate genetic
variation between native and introduced populations at mitochondrial and microsatellite loci. The
potential effects of overfishing, fish introductions, and new threats from cage farming on the
genetic diversity and ecological integrity of wildlife species are discussed, highlighting the need
for immediate action
Housing and social sustainability in uganda; case of pagirinya refugee settlement in adjumani district
No full textPurpose
This paper aims to respond to the need for “socially sustainable settlements for all” and the need for successful integration within the settlements through building strong social constructs among the settlers.
Design/methodology/approach
Mixed methods were used in this study. A sample size of 332 households in Pagirinya Refugee Settlement was used. The settlement is divided into six blocks, each block is subdivided into clusters. Each cluster comprises of 100 households. Due to variations in the number of households in each settlement block, the authors used a proportional sampling approach to determine the number of respondent households in each settlement block. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions. Chi-square and an interdependent multivariate statistical analysis were performed to establish the relationship between housing and social sustainability.
Findings
The study finds a significant relationship between housing and social sustainability when considered jointly on the variables of roofs of buildings and how often the refugee respondents meet with neighbours (p = 0.018) and when considered jointly on the variables of the width of access roads and how knowledgeable the refugee respondents are about their neighbours (p = 0.018). The study also finds a significant relationship between housing and social sustainability when considered jointly on the variables of the number of direct access roads to the households and the number of friends of the refugee respondents (p = 0.019).
Originality/value
With limited literature, this is a novel approach. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous studies focused on the specifics of a building and analysed its relationship with the social dynamics, especially in settlement studies
“Eh eh eh My Lord, Looking Dapper”: Rebranding the Speakership and Women’s Political Leadership in Uganda?
No full textIn the 2021 election for the Ugandan Speaker of Parliament, the incumbent Rebecca Kadaga lost to Jacob Oulanyah, who died shortly after due to an illness. Oulanyah’s deputy, Anita Among, took the position despite controversy over her readiness to do so. She has since carved out a path to her unique leadership style, and social media is awash with interest in her fashion. This chapter argues whether fashion is trivial for women politicians like Among or whether it can be used to their political advantage. Using content analysis of social media, I found that fashion drew attention to the Speaker Anita Among and in many ways, seemed to ensure her legitimacy as a contemporary leader. However, some thought the display of fashionable outfits was insensitive to the dire economic situation faced by the majority of Ugandans and did not reflect her competencies
Pentecostal Reinventions of the Passover: Contextual Reflections on the End of Year Night Worship Festivals in Uganda
No full textP. (1-25) ;Pentecostal scholarship in and about Africa is a vibrant arena in world Christianity, with an upswing in the proliferation of scholarly works on Pentecostal Churches and its centrality in the political and social fabric of African societies. Pentecostalism has been hailed for revival of Christian conservatism in Sub-Saharan Africa, predominated by the nominal Roman Catholics and Protestant Christianity. While some authors have studied African Pentecostalism with prejudgments based on other Christian traditions, some have hailed the theological innovations in healing and evangelism. The study of the Pentecostal end of year worship festivals unravels one of the innovations that justifies the uniqueness of African Pentecostalism, promulgating theologies and traditions on the one hand, and reinventing Judeo-Christian practices in African perspectives, which in a sense give African Pentecostal Churches a claim to divine originality, on the other. In another way, theologies, traditions, and practices emerging from the observance of the annual Pentecostal worship festivals place African Pentecostal Churches among the towering African Christian traditions, which then borrow rather than debunk such Pentecostal theological innovations. This article therefore discusses the Pentecostal Church reinvention of the ancient Jewish Passover festival to mirror the lives of African Christians in contemporary contexts. The ‘contextual theology’ analysis is employed to reflect on both the Jewish Passover and annual Pentecostal worship festivals, with a view of establishing how Passover (non-)parallels and reinventions have produced African Pentecostal theologies, traditions, and practices defining the uniqueness of African Pentecostalism
Inclusive classroom teaching practices and attainment of reading skills among learners with low vision, Kamwenge sub-county, Kamwenge district
No full textxi, 110 p.Inclusive classroom teaching practices are core in attaining reading skills globally. This study aimed at investigating inclusive classroom practices and the attainment of reading skills among the learners with low vision in Primary three. The instructional materials used in teaching reading skills among learners with low vision. The relationship between collaborating learning and reading skills attainment for learners with low vision and the relationship between inclusive classroom environment and attainment of reading skills among learners with low vision. This study was carried out in Kamwenge sub county Kamwenge district in Western Uganda because of high incidences of low vision. The researcher used descriptive design and employed mixed research methods which involved both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. The study was conducted among 10 head teachers, 52 teachers and 76 learners with low vision. Purposeful and systematic sampling procedures were applied in selecting the schools, teachers, head teachers and learners with low vision. The methods used for collecting the data were interviews and observation. To improve validity and reliability of the instruments, piloting was conducted. Data was collected using interview guide, checklists and questionnaires and was analyzed using SPSS following the themes derived from research objectives. The findings revealed that instructional materials to help learners with low vision to read were missing in schools. It further revealed that majority of the respondents considered print materials to be the most commonly used instructional material to teach reading skills among learners with low vision and constituted 67.3%. It also confirmed that majority (68.2%) of the teachers considered grouping learners as the most common collaborative learning practices in class and majority (52.9%) of the respondents also considered the inclusive classroom environment to having rooms with materials displayed. The study concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between inclusive teaching practices and reading skills attainment. Secondly the relationship between instructional materials, collaborating learning and inclusive classroom environment and reading skills attainment were all found to be positively significant. The study recommended that the government should help the schools to secure instructional materials for learners with low vision to use during the learning process. It was also recommended that the Ministry of Education and Sports together with the school administration should ensure that the teachers deployed in the schools are well-trained and equipped to implement the Education for All polic