Kyambogo University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
2178 research outputs found
Sort by
Education and fertility preference among women in Uganda
No full textBackground: Women's education is pivotal in addressing elevated fertility rates, particularly in
developing nations. Despite declining fertility rates, Uganda sustains a high fertility rate of 6.2,
surpassing the sub-Saharan Africa regional average of 4.6. This heightened fertility poses a
significant obstacle to Uganda's sustainable development goals. This study investigates the
relationship between female education and fertility preference among Ugandan women in
2006, 2011 and 2016.
Methods: The study used data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey for 2006, 2011,
and 2016, with a sample of 6,216, 5,205, and 10,741 women, respectively. A multivariable logistic
model was utilized to establish the relationship between female education and fertility
preference.
Results: Findings revealed the existence of an inverse relationship between female education
and fertility preference over the years 2006, 2011 and 2016 (Primary OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.84;
OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.45-0.74; OR=0.70, 95% CI 0.57-086) respectively. For secondary or more
education, OR =0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.87; OR=0.56, 95%CI 0.34-0.92, OR =0.80, 95% CI 0.56-1.14)
respectively. Fertility preference is inversely related to the mother’s income status, age and
number of living children. Fertility preference is positively associated with the ideal number of
children and contraceptive use.
Conclusion: This study has shown that female education helps to manage women’s fertility
preferences. Educated women can access information and get better employment to decide on
the desired family size. The study advocates for the continued education of females to empower
them in actively shaping their desired family size. It is recommended that government efforts to
strengthen universal access to education at both primary and secondary levels. To cater for
those outside the school setting, we recommend the strengthening of programmes on sexual
reproductive health that should include an open discussion on the ideal family size
Investigation of radon concentration and annual effective dose in selected caves in kakumiro and fort portal, western Uganda
No full textx, 59 p. : ill. (col.) ;This study was conducted to determine radon concentration and annual effective dose in Amabere Ga Nyinamwiru cave and Semwama hill cave in Western Uganda using continuous radon monitor (Radon Sentinel model 1030). The radon concentration levels in Amabere caves for morning period (7:00-10:00), mid-morning period (10:00-1:00) and afternoon period (1:00- 4:00) varied from 14.27 ± 4.01 Bqm-3 to 17.70 ± 01 Bqm-3 with mean value of 15.90 ± 2.76 Bqm-3. The radon concentration in Semwama hill cave for morning period (7:00-10:00), mid-morning period (10:00-1:00) and afternoon period (1:00- 4:00) was found to vary from 447.3 ± 30.64 Bqm-3 to 507.63 ± 30.64 Bqm-3 with a mean value of 480.56 ± 30.64 Bqm-3. The annual effective dose for Amabere caves varied from 0.36 ± 0.10 mSvyr-1 to 0.44 ± 0.08 mSvyr-1 with an average value of 0.40 ± 0.07 mSvyr-1. The annual effective doses for Semwama hill cave ranged from 11.27 ± 0.77 mSvy-1 to 12.27 ± 77 mSvy-1 with mean value of 12.11 ± 0.77 mSvy-1. The Semwama Hill Cave effective dose data show that there is evidence of radon health risk to the general public and workers, as most of the values of yearly effective doses determined are more than 1 mSvy-1 as advised by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), and World Health Organization (WHO). Semwama hill cave, which has limited ventilation, has higher radon concentrations than Amabere caves. Further studies should be carried out on Semwama hill cave to ascertain the exposure levels to 222Radon gas as compared with a broad baseline measurement and future research should also look at the seasonal variations in the cave's radon concentration, equilibrium factor, and aerosol state, as well as an analysis of the tour guides' time spent there
Parametrized multiplicative integral inequalities
No full textIn this paper, we introduce a biparametrized multiplicative integral identity and employ it to establish a collection of inequalities for multiplicatively convex mappings. These inequalities encompass several novel findings and refinements of established results. To enhance readers’ comprehension, we offer illustrative examples that highlight appropriate choices of multiplicatively convex mappings along with graphical representations
Adoption of information communication technology (ICT) and determinants of performance of SACCOs’ in Uganda
No full textVarious pagesThe study focused on adoption of ICT and determinants of performance of SACCOs’ in Uganda. The three specific objectives included: to investigate the effects of ICT on SACCOs’ performance, to determine other factors that determine SACCOs’ performance in Uganda. Further, the study investigated the determinants of ICT adoption among SACCOs in Uganda. The study used primary data collected from different SACCOs that had embraced the use of ICT in their operations in Uganda. A population of 420 reflecting sample size of 201 SACCOs was interviewed. The study employed a multiple logistic regression model to analyze the effect of ICT on SACCOs’ performance and other factors that determined SACCOs’ performance in Uganda. The study also used an ordered logistic regression model to explore the different factors that determine SACCOs’ ICT adoption levels in Uganda based on three levels that is low, medium and high.
The study results revealed that ICT expenditure and number of functional computers were positive and statistically significant at 0.04 percent with ICT adoption and 7.6 percent respectively holding other factors in the model constant in influencing profitability.
The study further found out that total accumulated savings and total loan portfolio amount of the SACCO were positive and statistically significant at 0.256 percent and approximately 0.2 percent respectively holding other factors constant in the model and membership size was positive though non-significant in influencing the performance of the SACCO.
The ordered logistic model results revealed that number of ICT trained staff, internet access, number of ICT training and age of the SACCO were factors that positively and significantly determines the probability of SACCO ICT adoption levels at 1% and 10% respectively.
The study therefore, recommended that SACCOs should earmark more funds for ICT adoption and use, increase the availability of functional computers since they had significant effect, encourage and motivate members to save more and also continuously train their staff in ICT related tools among others to improve SACCOs performance and also adopt ICT in their operations
Design of a novel annular recess electrode for resistance spot welding
No full textxv, 95 p. : col.The effectiveness and longevity of resistance spot welding (RSW) hinge significantly on the geometry of welding electrodes, a critical factor influencing weld characteristics and electrode lifespan. Achieving an optimal electrode design requires a delicate balance between electric current density distribution and thermal-mechanical stiffness. However, improving one aspect often comes at the expense of the other. This study addresses this challenge by proposing an innovative electrode design featuring an annular recess filled with a refractory material. In electrode design, the well-established trade-off between current density distribution and thermal-mechanical stiffness is crucial. Neglecting either factor welding current or nugget diameter can result in accelerated wear and compromise the integrity of the weld. It underscores the importance of considering both elements to ensure optimal weld quality and performance. The novel electrode design with an annular recess aims to strike a harmonious balance between these competing considerations. This research hypothesizes that such a design configuration has the potential to yield stronger weld joints. The primary objective of this study is to design an electrode that would ensure optimal weld quality and performance. To achieve this, resistance spot welding parameters are identified and optimized. By delving into the intricacies of this innovative electrode design, the research endeavours to offer valuable insights for improving the overall performance and longevity of resistance spot welding processes
Evaluating the spatiotemporal dynamics of agrometeorological droughts in semi-arid Gwayi agroecosystems (1990–2020) using multiple indices
No full textClimate variability poses a significant threat to smallholder farmers in the Gwayi catchment, Zimbabwe. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of agrometeorological droughts from 1990 to 2020 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). The triangulation of these indices provided a comprehensive understanding of drought dynamics. Severe to extreme drought events were identified in 1995, 1998, 2005, 2016, 2018, and 2020, while moderate droughts were consistently detected across all indices. Favourable conditions were observed in 2000 and 2006. A strong positive correlation (r¼0.88) between VHI and VCI suggests their similar effectiveness in reflecting vegetation health. In contrast, moderate correlations between VHI and SPI (r ¼0.30), VHI and SPEI (r¼0.39), VCI and SPI (r¼0.28), and VCI and SPEI (r¼0.40) indicate that these indices capture complementary information, reflecting not only precipitation deficits but also the impacts of temperature, soil moisture, and land cover changes. The SPI and SPEI displayed a strong positive correlation (r ¼0.78), aligning in their sensitivity to precipitation and evapotranspiration. Spatial analysis revealed a pronounced north-south drought gradient, with the southwestern region being particularly vulnerable, underscoring the need for targeted interventions
Electronic payment systems adaptation and revenue collection, moderating effect of customer work experience at national water and sewerage corporation Uganda
No full textxii, 73 p. ;The study examined the effect of electronic payment systems adaptation on revenue collection, moderating effect of customer work experience at National Water and Sewerage Corporation. The study was guided by four objectives which included assessing the effect of customer exposure to electronic payment systems on revenue collection at NWSC, the effect of customer accessibility to electronic payment systems on revenue collection at NWSC, the influence of customer support mechanisms on revenue collection at NWSC and examining the moderating effect of customer work experience on the relationship between electronic payment systems adaptation and revenue collection at NWSC. The study employed a descriptive and cross-sectional research designs with both quantitative and qualitative research approach. The study considered sample size 399 participants which were determined following Slovin, R. (1960) formula but 311 managed to respond back showing a response rate of 78.0 percent. The respondents were selected using stratified simple random and purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a closed-ended questionnaire and interview and analysis was done using Social Package for Social Scientists and content analysis to produce means, standard deviation, factory analysis, relationships and regression. The study findings revealed that customer exposure had a significant and positive relationship with revenue collection at (r = .422**, P< 0.01). Customer accessibility was also significantly and positively related with revenue collection at (.259**, P < 0.01). There was a relationship between customer support mechanisms and revenue collection at (r= .567**, P < 0.01). From the regression analysis, multiple regression showed that combined constructs of electronic payment system with its constructs Customer exposure, Customer accessibility, Customer support mechanism collectively accounted for 34.5% (Adjusted R Square = .345) of the variance in revenue collection. Using Beta values, the results also revealed a positive and significant effect customer exposure on revenue collection at (Beta = .254, p=.000<0.05). Customer accessibility, it positively predicted revenue collection at (Beta =.171, p=.009 <0.05). Customer support mechanisms was also found to be positively and significantly predicting revenue collection at (Beta =.508, p=.000 <0.05). It was revealed that customer work experience as a moderating variable between electronic payment systems adaptation and revenue collection at NWSC. This concluded that customer support mechanism is the major predictor of revenue collection at National water and sewerage Corporation. It was recommended that there is need to employ techniques such as anonymity and confidentiality in data collection to encourage participants to provide more genuine responses without fear of judgment or societal expectations, there is need for promoting openness and trust within the research environment, parliament should allocate resources towards improving the training and development of customer support representatives to ensure they possess the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively address customer inquiries and concerns, NWSC management should prioritize ongoing training and development programs for customer support representatives and NWSC management should focus on improving the accessibility and responsiveness of customer support channels, such as phone and email
A Critical Review of Biomonitoring in East African Rivers: Fostering Community-based Collaboration for Environmental Change Observation
No full textThe contribution of citizen scientists in environmental monitoring is notably increasing significantly. Governments worldwide establish Water Users Associations (WUAs) as a good practice model, to implement Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) at local levels.These associations target different stakeholders depending on the expected outcome. However, their effectiveness especially in East Africa can only be determined case by case. In Kenya, Water Resources Users Associations are registered, voluntary community groups whose members are water users and land owners. Similarly, in Uganda community-based initiatives exist, especially along degraded rivers, involving cooperation between local communities and regional water authorities. Contrary, it has been reported that in Tanzania many community initiatives created become non-functional within two to three years of induction. In general, the main responsibilities of Water Users Associations or its equivalent is to manage and conserve water resources for sustainable uses. In most cases, water quality monitoring by communities through citizen science is limited to the visual appearance of water in the river channel. While this can indicate the water's aesthetic value, it is insufficient for assessing the ecological status of rivers, which is influenced by a variety of physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic factors. The use of bioindicators has been advocated as a feasible method for community-based water quality river monitoring.Therefore, this review explores the commonly used bio-indicators and bio-assessment tools for river health assessment and their complexities when using a biomonitoring community-based approach through citizen science. Tolerance and intolerance macroinvertebrate and fish metric protocols that utilize identification keys has been recommended. These protocols are designed to be user-friendly and require minimal taxonomic expertise, making them easy to use by community volunteers with minimal basic training. The sustainability of these citizen science initiatives relies on the motivation of volunteers, the frequency of monitoring activities, and collaboration with researchers and government agencies. These initiatives not only facilitate environmental monitoring but also foster community engagement and awareness regarding the ecological status of rivers, thereby addressing knowledge and data gaps necessary for effective policy-making. This approach provides a practical model for environmental stewardship and participatory resource management in East Africa
Seed treatment with Bacillus bacteria improves maize production: a narrative review
No full textP. (105-111) ;Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop in relation to its production and consumption. Production of maize is constrained by soil infertility and poor quality seed. Microbial technologies like seed treatment with Bacillus bacteria improves the productivity of maize on infertile soil. However, due to variations in maize growth environments and Bacillus species, this review was conducted to identify the common species of Bacillus species used for seed treatment, and provide an overview of the effect of seed treatment with Bacillus on maize growth and yield. Results show that Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were the dominant species used for seed treatment. Bacillus was used as both a biofertiliser and biopesticide. The conspicuous positive effects of Bacillus were in plant height, shoot and root length, and shoot dry matter depending on the species. In terms of grain yield, Bacillus subtilis (8502 kg ha-1), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (6822 kg ha-1) and Bacillus safensis (5562 kg ha-1) were the bacterial species that had an overall pronounced effect. The highest increase in grain yield was in the interactive effect of Bacillus megaterium + Bacillus licheniformis (18.1%) and sole Bacillus subtilis (15.6%), while Bacillus pumilus reduced grain yield by 4.8%. This shows that the improvement of maize productivity using Bacillus bacteria requires careful selection of the species for seed treatment.
Keywords: Bacillus bacteria; biopriming; maize; seed treatment; yiel
Cultural moral values in proverbs vis-à-vis the trends of immorality among the Batooro youths of Kyenjojo district
No full textxv, 157 p.The purpose of the study was to examine the cultural moral values in proverbs visa vis the trends of immorality among the batooro youths of Kyenjojo District basing on the following objectives of the study; to examine the trend of immorality among the Batooro youths in Kyenjojo, to establish proverbs that promote morality among the Batooro youths, to find out the factors that are responsible for ineffective promotion of morality among the Batooro youths, and to examine how proverbs can be disseminated to contribute to the solution of immorality. The study design was cross-sectional in nature, both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed 173 comprising of 108 youths 43 elders, 8 local leaders, 8 civil local leaders and 5 religious leaders were considered. Data was collected by the use of questionnaire and interview guide. Questionnaire was constructed on the computer using Statistical Packages for Social Scientist (SPSS). Analysis was done basing on Frequency tables and graphs. Data from interviews was transcribed from oral into written format ready for analysis. Based on the analysis of the responses to various proverbs, it is clear that the participants hold a variety of beliefs and attitudes regarding cultural and moral values. The results suggest that there is a concerning trend of immorality among some Batooro youths in Kyenjonjo, which may be attributed to the breakdown of traditional values and a lack of respect for cultural and religious norms. Issues such as premarital sex, teenage pregnancy, violence, online fraud, theft, bullying, dishonesty, and disrespect for elders have been identified as prevalent concerns. The majority of respondents do not believe that negative economic freedom, misunderstanding of democratization, the new migratory labor system, or lack of African cultural knowledge are responsible for the ineffective promotion of morality. Based on the responses, it appears that using proverbs as a tool for promoting morality among Batooro youths is seen as a promising approach. This may involve incorporating proverbs into all levels of education and working collaboratively with parents, teachers, religious leaders, and policymakers. It is recommended that Schools and universities should include cultural and moral education as part of their curriculum. This can include teaching proverbs and other cultural values, promoting respect for elders, and educating students about the consequences of immoral behavior