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Optimization of fermentation conditions of naturally processed Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) in Uganda
No full textxi, 78 p.Coffee is very popular due to the unique sensory characteristics of its brew. This research aimed to determine the best fermentation method and duration for Arabica coffee with respect to its volatile, physicochemical, and sensory components. Gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) was used to examine volatile chemicals that had been extracted using solid-phase micro extraction (SPME). Descriptive sensory evaluation with 8 trained panelists was used to assess the cup quality. Response Surface Methodology and Principle Component Analysis were used for data analysis. Significant models were generated to describe the relationship between fermentation time, fermentation type, and the physicochemical, and sensory properties as well as volatile compounds of Arabica coffee. Both fermentation type and time had an impact on sensory qualities such as fragrance/aroma, flavor, sweetness, acidity, body, balance, aftertaste, uniformity, and cleanliness. The optimum fermentation time and fermentation type were 16.8 hours and spontaneous fermentation respectively. Principle component analysis was performed to relate sensory attributes with physicochemical properties and volatile compounds. Furaneol, coffee temperature, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, and acetaldehyde were positively correlated to each other. 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-ethanone, furan were related, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, acetic acid, brix, 2,3-pentanedione and ethyl isovalerate, 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl), 2-methylbutanal, 3-methylbutanal were positively correlated, and there was a positive correlation between 2-butanone, pH, pyrazines
Status of human milk donation and associated knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of pre-natal and post-natal women at St. Francis hospital, Nsambya, Kampala city
No full textxv, 65 p.Human milk donation is a growing phenomenon worldwide and Uganda is one of the countries that have embraced the use of donor human milk (DHM) to improve the survival rates of preterm babies. Despite the launching of the of the first human milk bank (HMB) at St. Francis hospital, Nsambya in November 2021, the HMB was challenged with small number of milk donors as little as six women donating their breast milk per month. Little was also known about whether mothers understand the concept of human milk donation, their attitude towards the practice and the status of human milk donation at the hospital.
The purpose of this study was therefore to establish the status of human milk donation and the associated knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of pre-natal and post-natal women at St. Francis hospital Nsambya, Kampala City. The study adopted a cross-sectional design with both quantitative and qualitative approaches deployed to obtain statistical information and detailed narratives about human breast milk donation. A sample size of 190 (95 pre-natal and 95 post-natal women) was used for quantitative data collection and 8 milk donors and 10 ten knowledgeable health workers were used for the purpose of qualitative data collection. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22 to determine descriptive and inferential statistics and data obtained from the focus group discussion and key informant interviews was transcribed, coded and triangulated to obtain thematic information flow patterns on factors that facilitate and constrain human milk donation among mothers.
The study revealed a low uptake of human milk donation at the hospital and that only 20 (10.5%) of the interviewed pre-natal and post-natal women had ever donated their breast milk. Further, only 90 (47.4%) of these women had previous information on human milk donation services. There was a statistically significant relationship established between the women having previous information on human milk donation and them donating their breast milk. (p<0.001).
The mean knowledge score of post-natal women 7.57 (SD=2.36) was higher than that of pre-natal women 6.80 (SD=2.04). In addition, the mean attitude score of post-natal women 44.36 (SD=8.174) was higher than that of pre-natal women 38. 82 (SD=2.39). There was a statistically significant relationship between the women’s attitude and human milk donation (p<0.001) and women who had primary level of education and below were less likely to donate their breastmilk (OR 0.136; 95% CI: 0.035- 0.528; p<0.05).
Milk donors and key informants perceived human milk donation as a safe and lifesaving practice. Facilitators of human milk donation expressed included: past experiences, having excess breastmilk, and verbal encouragement to donate breast milk whereas barriers expressed included; fear of screening, insufficient breastmilk and lack of incentives.
In conclusion, this study showed that there were few women donating their breast milk and that most women did not have previous information on human milk donation. Human milk donation services at the hospital were associated with the pre-natal and post-natal having previous information on human milk donation services, the number of children they had as well as their attitude. In addition, there was a knowledge gap about the concepts of human milk donation among the pre-natal and post-natal women despite the fact that majority having a good attitude
Twelve Weeks Aerobic Exercise Improves Anxiety and Depression in HIV Positive Clients on Art in Uganda
No full textAim: The study aimed at bridging the gap by assessing the impact of a 12-week aerobic exercise program on anxiety and depression for HIV-positive clients.
Methods: The study, conducted at the General Military Hospital in Uganda, employed a quasi-experimental design. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and a sample of 135 people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy engaged in the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using t-tests, revealing significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms among participants.
Results: The findings demonstrated a 58.5% reduction in depression symptoms and a 72% decrease in anxiety symptoms among participants engaged in aerobic exercises. Both groups exhibited improvements, with the experimental group showing greater reductions. The results further revealed that depression and anxiety are two to four times more common in individuals living with HIV than in those without the virus, and depression is also more common in those on HAART than in those without the virus.
Conclusion: The results support the potential of aerobic exercise as a valuable adjunct therapy for people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. Well-structured and supervised aerobic exercise was found to be essential for improving the clinical outcomes of PLHIV on ART
Adoption of people first evaluation methodology and the success of the public private partnerships development phase in Uganda
No full textxiv, 124 p. ;People first PPPs depict the broader notion of SDGs structured infrastructural agreements. This study revolved about the adoption of people first evaluation methodology and the success of the public private partnerships development phase in Uganda. The variables of study were contracting authority support, staff awareness, regulatory framework, adoption of people first evaluation methodology and the success of the PPP development phase. The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative research design. Data was analysed using SPSS Version 22. The study included 53 respondents from 8 selected contracting authorities that have done PPPs at the development phase. With regard to adoption of people first evaluation methodology, the study found out that contracting authority support has a high positive and significant relationship (r = 0.714 and p = 0.000) and that staff awareness has a moderate positive and significant relationship (r = 0.662 and p = 0.000). A regression analysis to determine the moderating effect of regulatory framework on the adoption of people first evaluation methodology shows that it is a non-significant predictor (Beta-pl= -0.257, t= -1.874, Sig. = 0.067). The results for the effect of the adoption of people first evaluation methodology on the success of the PPP development phase show that adoption of people first evaluation methodology adds significantly to the model prediction (p=0.023). To ensure greater levels of adoption of people first assessments in PPPs, the study recommends a robust contracting authority support, heightened staff awareness and the need to thoroughly emphasise and implement people first concerns at inception, feasibility and procurement stages of PPPs
Learners’ discipline management by teachers during post-covid lockdown among selected primary schools in mbale district Uganda
No full textThe study sought to examine the learners’ discipline management by teachers during post-COVID lockdown
among selected primary schools in Mbale district. The study intended to identify the challenges teachers face
when instilling discipline in learners during the post-COVID 19. To analyse different behaviour/ indiscipline
among the learners. To identify ways to curb challenges among learners. The study adopted a qualitative
research design and results were collected using a semi-structured interview guide as well as focused group
discussions from selected schools in Mbale district. It used the Gordon theory of classroom management and A
theory of discipline derived from Dewey’s theory of inquiry. Findings revealed that many learners had
indiscipline behaviour when teachers gave them homework to copy and do at home. It was realized that some
learners do come late to school, others are aggressive and disrespectful to teachers, untidy and leave school
without permission while others are fond of talking in class. Teachers assume that one of the most challenging
roles and the need for additional training and support to learners is to curb the indiscipline of learners to have a
conducive learning environment. It was concluded that the sources of the behavioural changes were the family,
the ministry of education being away from school and classroom management. The study recommended that
learners should be given support in counselling by the parents, teachers, senior women and men, and head
teachers to eliminate learning losses. Furthermore, projects can be formed to improve learners’ collaboration and
be developed thus socially supportive activities and, the assigning of school responsibilities by school heads can
be organized and socialization of learners can be enhanced and emphasized. In addition, formative training can
be given to teachers and parents to curb the indiscipline of learners while at school and home and also rules for
the management of behaviour should be clearly defined and reinforced
Validating the Measures of Emotional Intelligence-Based Performance Theory in the Context of Academic Staff at Kyambogo University, Uganda
No full textP. (1-12) ;The study validated the measures of Emotional Intelligence Based Performance Theory in the context of full-time academic staff at Kyambogo University. Basing on the conceptualization by Goleman (1998), Emotional Intelligence Based Performance Theory was studied in terms of selfawareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. This cross-sectional study involved a sample of 201 from fulltime academic staff at Kyambogo University, data were collected using a selfadministered
questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS for partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to determine the measures of Emotional Intelligence Based Performance Theory. Descriptive results indicated that four constructs of Emotional Intelligence Based Performance Theory of selfawareness,
self-management, social awareness and relationship management were high. PLS-SEM indicated that the four constructs of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management were appropriate measures of the Emotional Intelligence Based Performance Theory. It was concluded that Kyambogo University managers need to promote a high level of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management among academic staff. Therefore, the study
recommended that Kyambogo University managers need to emphasise selfawareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management among full-time academic staff
Integrated financial management information system adoption and internal service delivery in Kyambogo university
No full textxiii, 112 p.The primary aim of this research was to examine the correlation between the adoption of an Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS) and the internal service delivery perceived by users at Kyambogo University. The study was driven by specific objectives, namely, evaluating the impact of cash management, budgeting, and governance systems on internal service delivery. Employing a cross-sectional research design, a mixed-methods approach was utilized to gather, present, interpret, and analyze data. A sample of 191 IFMIS users from various departments including Human Resources, Finance, Procurement, Planning, University Administration, and Academic Departments participated in the study. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between cash management practices and internal service delivery. Moreover, the study demonstrated a positive association between governance systems and internal service delivery perceived by users. Additionally, the study identified budgeting and governance systems as predictors of internal service delivery, with governance systems emerging as the most influential predictor. In conclusion, the research asserts the indispensability of IFMIS in enhancing internal service delivery and emphasizes the significance of budgeting and governance practices in this regard. It recommends enhancing governance systems and restructuring budgeting processes. Furthermore, the study proposes future research directions, including investigating the relationship between IFMIS and internal service delivery from the perspectives of both users and students at Kyambogo University. Additionally, it suggests a study be conducted to extrapolate the impact of IFMIS adoption on the effectiveness of procurement systems within the university
The mediating role of self-control on the relations between adverse childhood experiences and substance use among adolescents in Uganda
No full textObjective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are established risk factors
for undesirable consequences in adolescence and early adulthood, including
substance use and a lack of self-control. Based on the Social Bonds Theory
(SBT), this study aims to expand our knowledge of the pathways from ACEs and self-control to substance use in adolescence and early adulthood.
Methods: The extent to which self-control mediates the association between ACEs and substance use was examined in a cross-sectional survey of 358 adolescents and young adults (N = 234, 65.5% girls, mean age 17.7, SD 0.58, range 15–18). Data were gathered using the Adverse Childhood Experiences
(ACE-10) questionnaire, the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), and the 10- item self-control scale to assess childhood adversity, substance use, and self-control, respectively.
Results: ACEs were widely reported and significantly associated with substance use and a lack of self-control. Self-control strongly predicted substance use, independent of ACEs. Among those reporting no ACEs, one to two, three to four, and five or more, there were significant variations in the respondents’ substance use (F(3, 400) = 12.69, p = 0.001). Self-control explained 51.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 41, 61%) of the associations between ACEs and substance use as assessed by linear regression.
Conclusion: Self-control is key to understanding why adolescents and young adults with a history of childhood adversity indulge in substance use. Therefore, there is a need to advocate for psychological interventions such as cognitive and behavioural therapy that have demonstrated efficacy in promoting self- control in adolescents and young adults
Inspection approaches and teacher instructional effectiveness in government-aided primary schools in central Uganda
No full textxv, 197 p. ;This study investigated the relationship between inspection approaches and teacher instructional effectiveness in government-aided primary schools in Central Uganda. The study was conducted in Mukono district because all inspection and teacher instruction conditions here were transferable to the wider Central Uganda context. The objectives of the study were to: assess the relationship between the directive inspection approach and teacher instructional effectiveness; examine the relationship between the non-directive inspection approach and teacher instructional effectiveness; and to establish the relationship between the collaborative inspection approach and teacher instructional effectiveness. The study was anchored on the pragmatist research philosophy; hence, it adopted the mixed research approach. Using the parallel mixed research design, quantitative data was collected using self-administered questionnaires while qualitative data was collected using interviews. Quantitative data collected was analysed using descriptive, inferential and regression statistics, while qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study established that the directive inspection approach had an insignificant relationship with teacher instructional effectiveness. The non-directive inspection approach on the other hand, had a moderate relationship because only its aspect of directing had a significant relationship and teacher knowledge evaluation had an insignificant relationship with teacher instructional effectiveness. The collaborative inspection approach had a strong significant relationship with teacher instructional effectiveness. Therefore; it was recommended that school inspectors in government-aided primary schools in Central Uganda should use the collaborative inspection approach more often because it had a significant relationship with teacher instructional effectiveness. Similarly, the non-directive inspection approach aspect of team planning should be used and the directive inspection approach may for now be suspended because it had an insignificant relationship with teacher instructional effectiveness
Professionalism and procurement performance of local governments a case of fort portal city, Uganda
No full textxii, 77 p. ;This study examined the effect of professionalism on procurement performance in Fort Portal City (FP City). The study was guided by three specific objectives, that is, to examine the effect of staff competence on the performance of procurement function in Fort Portal City, to examine the effect of staff integrity on the performance of procurement function in Fort Portal City and to analyze the effect of staff accountability on the performance of procurement function in Fort Portal City. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey and descriptive design with a target population of 183 employees, Local Council members, suppliers and contractors of FP City. A sample of 177 was drawn using the Krejcie & Morgan (1970) table. Respondents were selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected from 125 respondents by means of a questionnaire supplemented with 15 interviewed respondents. Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the variables i.e. procurement professionalism and performance of procurement function. The regression findings revealed that competence, integrity and accountability as elements of professionalism each had a significant direct effect on the performance of procurement. The study concludes that if local governments consider enhancing professionalism in the procurement function, they are likely to register an increase in performance of the procurement function. Thus, the study recommends that all procurement staffs become members of Institute of Procurement Professionals of Uganda (IPPU) so that they develop high standards of professional skills, ability and integrity. The study also recommends that training and career development be extended to all internal stakeholders as well as supporting the process the procurement team in joining the professional body, so as to enhance their skills and competence to perform tasks in a way that reduces bidders’ complaints by enhancing value for money, and increasing the quality of goods, services & works. The study also recommends for the scaling up measures that address conflict of interest in the procurement function