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Improving household water treatment: using zeolite to remove lead, fluoride and arsenic following optimized turbidity reduction in slow sand filtration
No full textDespite the United Nations 2030 agenda, large number of both urban and rural dwellers in low-income countries
continue to lack access to improved water. Thus, increased effort is required towards enhancing low-cost drinking
water treatment technologies especially for developing countries. Slow sand filter (SSF) is one of the most commonly
used low-cost and efficient technologies for treating household drinking water. However, effectiveness of SSF is sub-
stantially affected by very high turbidity and relatively large amounts of dissolved heavy metals. To enhance removal
of both turbidity and heavy metals, this study optimized sand bed depth (SBD) of SSF and investigated the potential
of natural zeolite from Uganda for removal of lead, arsenite (As(III)) and fluoride ions from water. To remove lead ions,
the zeolite was used in its natural form. However, to remove As(III) and fluoride, the natural zeolite was modified using
hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide solution. Removal of high turbidity was found to require a large optimal SBD.
Furthermore, efficiency of treating synthetic turbid water increased with increasing initial turbidity. Variation of final
turbidity with SBD was found to be best described by an exponential function. Optimal SBDs on top of an underdrain
gravel layer of 0.2 m were 453, 522, 561, and 580 mm for turbidity of 60, 80, 100, and 120 NTU, respectively. Opti-
mized SBD used achieve at least 95% efficiency in removing suspended particles from water with turbidity 120 NTU
was found to save up to 35% of the total cost for acquiring sand volume required by a conventional SSF. For a par-
ticular zeolite mass, removal efficiencies of lead, As(III) and fluoride generally increased with increasing contact time.
Removal efficiencies of lead, As(III), and fluorides were also shown to increase with increasing zeolite mass. Lead
removal efficiencies using natural zeolite were 75 and 98% under 20 and 40 min, respectively. Removal of As(III) using
modified zeolite mass was 91% within contact time of 10 min. Adsorption of fluoride on modified zeolite was 80%
within 5 min. Adsorption of lead, As(III), and fluorides indicated promising potential of natural zeolites from Uganda
for treating polluted water
Validating measures of hertzberg-two-factor theory in the context of academic staff at kyambogo university
No full textThe study validated the measures of Hertzberg two-factor theory in the context of full-time
academic staff at Kyambogo University. Basing on the conceptualization by Hertzberg (1951),
the theory was studied in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction. This cross-sectional
study involved a sample of 201 from full-time academic staff at Kyambogo University, data
were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and structural
equation modelling (SEM) using Smart PLS for partial least square structural equation
modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to determine the measures of two-factor theory. Descriptive
results indicated that two constructs of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction were high. PLSSEM indicated that the two constructs of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction were
appropriate measures of the Hertzberg two-factor theory. It was concluded that Kyambogo
University managers promoted high level of intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction towards
academic staff. Therefore, the study recommended that Kyambogo University managers need
to ensure both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction is enhanced among full-time academic
staf
Analyzing the Effect of Health and Safety Practices on Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of National Drug Authority
No full textP. (1-12) ;Employees in the different medical fields are exposed to many hazards at their workplace and this is likely to influence
their levels of job satisfaction if the correct measures are not put in place by their employers. The most affected employees are those who work in laboratories. The objective of this study was to determine the perceived influence of occupational health and safety practices on job satisfaction among employees of National Drug Authority. The research design was cross-sectional survey and a structured questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed using descriptive statistics including percentages and
frequencies. Out of the targeted 57 respondents 54 completed their questionnaires representing a response rate of 95%. The research established that occupational health and safety practices influence job satisfaction. Majority of the respondents had a positive perception on the occupational health and safety practices that are in place. They agreed that accident prevention measures in place, wellness programs and health benefits provided by NDA were satisfactory. It established that employees were satisfied with the health benefits, emergency care given to workers injured while on duty. They were satisfied with the wellness programs, health campaigns, health and safety information availed to them, health and safety training and education as well. However, respondents were not as satisfied with the refresher training on health and safety as well as training during change of jobs. With all that, this shows there is a strong relationship between health and safety practices and job satisfaction. It was recommended that NDA facilitate more safety training to equip workers with safety skills which enable reduce accident rates at work and also boost the level of staff job satisfaction so as to keep up with the changing trends in the labor market
Didactical Situation of Learning Integer Material based on Local Culture to Support Student Numeracy Literacy
No full textP. (1-15) ;Didactically oriented research that considers the relationship between teachers, students and materials was vital. This research aimed to obtain an overview of the didactical situation in the learning process of whole number concepts as a basis for designing appropriate learning designs based on local culture for junior high school students in North Central Timor. The research method followed the stages of Didactical Design Research (DDR). The research instruments were observation sheets, interview guidelines, and documentation. Data analysis included prospective analysis, observation data, and post-observation data. The results revealed that student preparedness for learning posed a barrier to the otherwise smooth operation of instructor, student, and material interactions. Learning the concept of mixed operations of whole numbers was successful in terms of learning objectives achieved and learning that took place according to plan. The research concluded that the existence of the Topaze Effect and the Aging of Teaching Situations when learning whole number operations in the classroom. Didactical situated research contributes to define the scope and substance of didactics, focusing on the shared values and knowledge that underpin effective numbers instruction.
Keywords: Didactical Situation, Integers, Local Culture, Numeracy Literac
Quantification of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide from households cooking with fixed mud charcoal stoves in Awindiri ward, Arua municipality, Uganda
No full textGlobally, there is an increasing awareness of indoor air pollution and its resultant impacts. Indoor air pollution is a risk factor for multiple conditions that increases human mortality rates. There are limited studies on indoor air pollution in Arua, Uganda. This study quantified carbon monoxide and particulate matter (PM2.5) from households cooking with fixed mud charcoal stoves in Awindiri suburb, Arua Municipality. Fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide concentrations were measured for 24 h in kitchens. The results indicate that the average 24-h carbon monoxide (157.2 ± 86.2) ppm and fine particulate matter (473.3 ± 406.4) µgm−3 values obtained from households were both significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the recommended World Health Organisation levels. High fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide levels may be attributed to the inefficient fixed mud charcoal stove, poor ventilation, kitchen congestion, and long hours of cooking. High levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide in the households could lead to serious long-term health effects on the occupants
Credit management practices and loan performance in commercial banks in Uganda : a case of Post bank Uganda
No full textxii, 70 p.This study examined the effect of credit management practices on loan performance of commercial banks a case of Post Bank Uganda. The study was anchored on three objectives which included; examining the effect of loan appraisal process on loan performance, the effect loan collection procedure on loan performance and the effect of credit risk control procedure on loan performance. The study considered a cross-sectional survey research design considering both quantitative and qualitative research approach. The study targeted 140 participants but 134 participants where 130 used questionnaires and 04 used interview managed to respond hence showing the response rate of 95.7%. The study findings revealed that there was a weak but positive and significant relationship between loan appraisal processes and loan performance at (r = .227**, p<.01) and Loan Application Appraisal was a positive significant predictor of loan performance by 4.4% (0.044, p<.05) with B-value (.231**). There was a positive and significant relationship between loan collection procedure and loan performance at (r =.377**, p<0.01) and Loan Collection Procedure positively and significantly predicted the loan performance by 13.5% (0.135, p<.05) with B-value (.282**). There was a positive and significant relationship between credit risk control policy and loan performance at (r = .419**, p<.01) and Credit Risk Control Procedure, it was the highest significant predictor of loan performance of 16.7% (0.167, p<.05) with B-value (.392**). Furthermore, credit management practices with its constructs (loan appraisal process, loan collection procedure and credit risk control procedure) combined influenced the loan performance at Post Bank Uganda by 28.5% (0.285, p<.05) with B-value (.307*). Based on the study’s findings, it is recommended that financial institutions and regulatory bodies consider implementing robust measures that necessitate the submission and evaluation of business plans as a prerequisite for loan approval, it is imperative that the bank institutes more robust and clearly defined repayment conditions for borrowers who default, including stricter penalties and timelines for resolution. Additionally, establishing a regular schedule of loan recovery meetings with clients is essential for fostering effective communication and cooperation and financial institutions implement policies allowing for reasonable extension periods in cases of genuine client hardship, thus providing borrowers with a lifeline to recover from temporary financial setback
Institutional Support and Teacher Competence in Government-Aided Secondary Schools in South Western Uganda
No full textP. (1-14) ;This study examined the influence of institutional support on teacher competence. In particular, the study investigated whether the influence of induction, continuous professional development and rewards had a significant influence on teacher competence in government-aided secondary schools. This quantitative study used correlational research. Data were collected from a sample of 329 teachers from secondary schools in southwestern Uganda. Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4. The findings revealed that induction, continuous professional development, and rewards have a positive and significant influence on teacher competence. Based on the findings, it was concluded that induction, continuous professional development and rewards are important for teacher competence development. Therefore, it was recommended that The Ministry of Education and Sports, head teachers, and other stakeholders such as Boards of Governors should establish institutional support that facilitates the development of teacher competence through induction, continuous professional development, and rewards. The practical contribution of the study is that it identifies institutional factors that can help to promote teacher competence
Institutions as images of political authority and power hierarchies: understanding land tenure dynamics of state-making in Zimbabwe and Uganda
No full textThe intricate link between political power and land rights is a historical axiom and Zimbabwe and Uganda present two conflicting yet analogous situations of what happens in agrarian societies, where socio-economic life is organised around access to and use of land. In such communities, institutions of land tenure are powerful mediums that shape political relations, electoral choices and the whole landscape of political interactions that happen in rural communities. This article seeks to examine how the post-colonial state in Zimbabwe and Uganda deliberately and systematically manipulated ‘insecure’ land tenure regimes by deploying institutions as instruments of political control and relevance. We argue that while the British coloniser framed the two counties differently, that is Zimbabwe as a settler colony and Uganda as a native colony, post-colonial land tenure regimes in the two countries were framed as institutional configurations purposefully designed and redesigned by national leaders as instruments of building state authority, organising the rural masses politically and shaping state-citizen allegiances. In this context, we argue that the land reforms in both countries perpetuated economic and regional disparities, inherited from colonial economic policies, and the ethnic and racial divisions, as foundations of state-making. In that regard, the connection between land and political authority may appear delinked and far-fetched, yet, as the Ugandan and Zimbabwean cases illustrate, there is compelling evidence to confirm this contention
Antecedents of teacher performance in government aided secondary schools in Maracha district, Uganda
No full textxi, 99 p. : col.This study sought to investigate whether recognition, opportunity for promotion and advancement, and working conditions were antecedents of teachers' performance in government aided secondary schools in Maracha District. The study was guided by the following objectives: to find out whether recognition is enhances teacher performance, to establish whether opportunity for promotion and advancement is enhances teacher performance, and to examine whether working conditions is enhances teacher performance. All the six government aided secondary schools in the district were involved in the study. Using a correlational survey design, data were collected by the use of self-administered-questionnaire from 117 teachers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data. The study findings revealed that, there was positive and significant relationship between recognition and teacher perf01mance, opportunity for promotion and advancement and teacher performance, and strong positive and significant relationship between working conditions and teacher performance.
Further, recognition, opportunity for promotion and advancement, and working conditions, were strong antecedents, of teacher performance (Ho 1-Ho3 were rejected). The influence mainly came from task performance recognition (~ = 0.375, p < 0.05), promotion speed (~ =0.340, p< 0.05) and workload (~ =0.474, p < 0.05). Hence, when schools appreciate teachers for expending their skills, knowledge to do their work, let teachers know they will be promoted at the right time and give teachers opp01tunity to freely plan their work so that they remain with additional time to care for their personal life, teachers develop the zeal to do their jobs well. Thus, the Ministry of Education and Sports should strengthen task performance recognition, opportunity for promotion speed and provide workload clarity in schools by giving them clear guidelines to implement them uniformly. A model of appropriate recognition, promotion and working conditions for secondary schools should be investigated. Still, further, studies should be conducted by other researchers on other Antecedents of teacher performance in secondary schools using both quantitative and qualitative methods so as to improve the overall performance of teachers
Digital teaching and learners' participation in lower primary school classes in Bidibidi refugee settlement, Yumbe district
No full textVarious pages : col.When teachers apply digital teaching devices, methods, and applications in the teaching and learning process, children develop socially, emotionally, physically, and cognitively through learner participation. This is because digital teaching improves learners' attendance, enrolment, performance, and completion rate. This study, therefore, was undertaken to examine "the application of digital teaching and learner participation in lower primary school classes in Bidibidi refugee settlement, Yumbe District". The study's objectives were to; describe the digital devices that improve learner participation in lower primary school classes, determine how digital teaching applications enhance learner participation, and establish the relationship between the digital teaching methods and learner participation. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was adopted for this study. A total number of 133 participants were computed using the standard sample formula. Sampling techniques were applied to select the participants through random and non-random, and these were purposive, simple random, and stratified. The participants included; 91 lower-class learners, 30 lower-class teachers, 10 head teachers from the selected schools of study, and 2 key informants from the Office of the Prime Minister in Bidibidi (OPM). Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the head teachers and key informants, questionnaire surveys with teachers, and observation with learners. Data was analyzed and processed using content, inferential, and regression analysis with figures, tables, and SPSS version 16.0 statistical measures used to interpret and present meaningful information. Results presented revealed that digital devices positively predicted learners' participation at (Beta = .280, p = .019), digital application, which was the highest positive predictor of learner participation at (Beta =0.575, p=O. 009), and digital methods at (Beta =0.138, p=0.027). This implied that a unit increase in digital devices, applications, and methods led to; a .280, 0.575, and 0.138 increase in learners' participation and vice versa. The findings from the study suggested that; teachers and learners in Bidibidi primary schools have a positive perception of the applicability of digital teaching approaches in teaching and learning in lower primary school classes. The national education stakeholders and education agencies may need to invest more in the already existing digital teaching facilities and digital skilling of teachers for 21st century teaching pedagogies for quality education posterities