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Achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, and academic engagement among adolescent students in Kabale district, Uganda
No full textxxiii, 368 p. ;Globally, education is a key pathway for overcoming poverty. Financial support from governments and non-governmental organizations facilitates students’ access, engagement, and success in academics. Despite the existing multifaceted support interventions in Uganda, about 83% of Ugandan children enrol in primary school, only 22% progress to secondary school, and less than 5% attend post-secondary education programs. To address this low academic access and success characterised by low school retention rates, this study examined the influence of achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, and other context-based factors on the academic engagement of adolescent students in Kabale District, Uganda. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach, the study collected quantitative data from 510 adolescent students and conducted in-depth interviews among 14 key informants who included officers of Compassion International; teachers, directors of studies, and a subset of adolescent students. Quantitative data was then entered into the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20 with a Process Macro plugin by Hayes version 4.2 for analysis. Findings of the study indicate that there were statistically significant demographic variations in achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, and academic engagement. Regression analysis results reveal that self-efficacy mediated the relationship between achievement goal orientation and academic engagement. Qualitative findings indicate that apart from achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy, external support, future career and employability aspirations influenced academic engagement. Findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay of the study variables, providing valuable insights. The study recommends that policy makers and all education stakeholders create awareness of the importance of achievement goal orientation and embrace self-efficacy enhancement strategies while designing effective educational interventions to improve academic engagement in low income contexts
The influence of institutional culture on organisational effectiveness in selected public universities in Uganda
No full textOrganisational effectiveness is a vital component of universities and other
organisations because it leads to various positive outcomes, including
customer satisfaction, employee relationships, improved business
processes, learning and growth, and profitability. However, despite its
importance, Ugandan universities are currently struggling with low levels
of organizational effectiveness. Therefore, this study assessed the
influence of institutional culture on organisational effectiveness of
selected public universities in Uganda. Specifically, the study assessed the
influence of artefacts, espoused belief and values and basic underlying
assumptions culture dimensions on organisational effectiveness. The
study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing a correlational research
design. With a small population of 265, the researchers aimed to survey
the entire population although those who provided responses were 231
participants. The data were collected using a close-ended selfadministered questionnaire. The data were analysed using Partial Least
Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPls to test
casual linkages between the variables. The results indicated that espoused
beliefs and values, and basic underlying assumptions had a positive and
significant impact on organisational effectiveness in public universities.
The study concluded that espoused beliefs and values, and basic
underlying assumptions are essential for organisational effectiveness of
public universities, and basic underlying assumptions are vital for
organisational effectiveness in public universities. The study
recommended that university managers should promote espoused beliefs
and values through enabling openness and learning, teamwork and
adherence to rules, and basic underlying assumptions of mutual
responsibility and shared objectives, and participation in decision-making
in the management of universities
Assessing the effects of spatial temporal land use on vegetation health in Karamoja rangeland, northeastern Uganda
No full textxiv, 98 p. : col.Rangelands globally are naturally managed ecological units grazed in their natural or semi-natural form. In Uganda, Pastoralism is the main livelihood activity in the Karamoja rangeland, albeit with unknown spatial quantities of cover changes and declined productivity due to environmental and anthropogenic factors. This study, therefore, aimed at (i) examining the spatiotemporal extent, trend and transitions of changes in rangeland use between 2002 and 2022, (ii) assessing the spatiotemporal variations in rangelands productivity of standing biomass between 2002 and 2022, and (iii) examining the dominant factors underlying rangeland degradation in Karamoja region. A cross-sectional and longitudinal design and mixed methods approach was adopted in this study to assess the spatiotemporal rangeland use changes and productivity in the Karamoja region, Northeastern Uganda. To examine the rangeland, use change, the study used satellite data from the USGS Earth Explorer for 2002, 2012, and 2022 series. Variation in rangeland productivity was computed using image analysis in ArcGis 10.8 and SAVI tools. In addition, 264 household interviews were conducted and analysis was conducted using a chi-square test to derive the drivers of rangeland productivity. Also, content analysis was employed to extract meaningful narratives from the 20 key informants. Results revealed that woodland, bushland, and bare ground declined in spatial extent by 38%, 9%, and 2%, respectively, by 2022. Meanwhile, grassland, cropland, and built-up increased by 20%, 12% and 2%, respectively by 2022. Maximum SAVI results of 0.660954, 0.567067, and and0.501258 in 2002, 2012 and 2022, respectively and minimum values of -0.299879 and 0.064051, and and0.0607339 in 2002, 2012, and 2022, respectively, revealed that vegetation health had been degenerating over the study years. Annual mean SAVI values of 0.15, 0.26, and 0.22 in 2002, 2012 and 2022, respectively, revealed that 2012 stood out with higher productivity compared to 2022 and 2002. The crop zone had robust vegetation compared to depleted zones of pastoral and agro-pastoralist over the study time. The perceived drivers of rangeland productivity also varied significantly across the zones with x2 (264) =8, P=0.05. From this study, it is clear, therefore, that Karamoja rangelands have undergone a lot of cover and use changes between 2002 and 2022, mainly as a result of human activities. The government should develop and enforce rangeland conservation policies and invest in community-based education to raise awareness of the dangers of rangeland use/cover changes on the productivity of vegetation. The community should implement rangeland sustainable practices to enhance conservation and restoration of the ecosystems, especially in the agro-pastoral ecological zones that grapple with severe vegetation depletion
Teachers’ preparedness in delivery of competence based curriculum in selected government- aided secondary schools in Soroti district, Uganda
No full textxii, 101 p.The study was epistemological and in particular it aimed at exploring teachers’ preparedness in delivery of Competence Based Curriculum in selected Government-aided secondary school in Soroti district, Uganda. Three objectives guided the study; to explore teachers’ preparedness to use learner centered methods, to establish teachers’ preparedness to use instructional materials and to examine teachers’ preparedness to use appropriate assessment modes during the delivery of Competence Based Curriculum in Government- aided secondary schools. This study was guided by Lev Vygotsky’s Constructivism Theory. The study also used Phenomenological research design. The sample populations comprised of twenty-five participants; 02 head teachers, 02 directors of studies and 21 teachers in senior three classes who dispense episteme in the seven compulsory subjects in Competence Based Curriculum; Mathematics, English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History and Political Education and Geography. Data collection methods included; In-depth interviews, Observation and Document analysis. Trustworthiness was done through triangulation, entailing the use of multiple methods of data collection as well as multiple sources of data. Credibility or dependability, the researcher constantly compared data with the codes to ensure consistent coding. The findings of the study were; teachers tried to provide learners with an opportunity to actively participate through working in pairs and groups. The research findings further indicate that, most teachers still do not know the different techniques in the learner methods and so, they became teacher centered during the lesson delivery by considering learners as blank slates (tabula rasa). Besides, there is still a challenge on the teachers’ preparedness to use instructional materials this was observed as teachers were not using the modern technologies like smart phones and internet. They also had a difficult in improvising the instructional materials from the local environment and yet according to Naturalistic philosophers, education should be conducted within the learners’ natural environment. Most teachers were unable to set scenario- based questions and track learners’ performance using criterion- based reference assessment. The study therefore, concludes that, teachers have at least had training in the delivery of Competence Based Curriculum in terms of using learner centered methods, instructional materials and appropriate assessment modes, though they are still not yet well versed with the new delivery of the Competence Based curriculum. Key recommendations were; the Ministry of Education and Sports and NCDC should continue to support teachers’ preparedness to deliver Competence Based Curriculum, through regular re-trainings. Finally, the teacher training institutions should integrate Competence Based Curriculum in to their teaching syllabus so as to produce teachers who are well versed with the Competence Based Curriculum which is the postmodern philosophical teaching and learning paradigm
Computational Insights for interactions between NsP2 and NsP3 of CHIKV and Hormones through DFT computations and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
No full textThe non-structural protein (nsP2 & nsP3) of the CHIKV is responsible for the transmission of viral infection. The main role of nsp is involved in the transcription process at an early stage of the infection. In this work, authors have studied the impact of nsP2 and nsP3 of CHIKV on hormones present in the human body using a computational approach. The ten hormones of chemical properties such as 4-Androsterone-2,17-dione, aldosterone, androsterone, corticosterone, cortisol, cortisone, estradiol, estrone, progesterone and testosterone were taken as a potency. From the molecular docking, the binding energy of the complexes is estimated, and cortisone was found to be the highest negative binding energy (-6.57 kcal/mol) with the nsP2 protease and corticosterone with the nsP3 protease (-6.47 kcal/mol). This is based on the interactions between hormones and NsP2/NsP3, which are types of noncovalent intermolecular interactions categorized into three types: electrostatic interactions, van der Waals interactions, and hydrogen-bonding. To validate the docking results, molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA methods were performed. The change in enthalpy, entropy, and free energy were calculated using MM-GBSA methods. The nsP2 and nsP3 protease of CHIKV interact strongly with the cortisone and corticosterone with free energy changes of -20.55 & -36.08 kcal/mol, respectively
Epidemiological study of reported road traffic injuries (RTIs) in selected hospitals in Kampala – Uganda (2018 - 2022)
No full textxiii, 144 p. ;RTIs have increased in prevalence over the past few decades and by 2030, it is predicted that they will surpass both diabetes and HIV/AIDS to rank as the fifth biggest cause of death. This study was aimed at determining the epidemiology of reported Road Traffic Injuries (RTIs) in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Lubaga Hospital, Naguru Hospital, and Nsambya Hospital from 2018 to 2022. A facility-based cross-sectional design was used. Data was collected from the hospitals using document review guides. A total of 5,379 documents were reviewed from all the four hospitals. The findings of the study showed that males (80.9%) were more affected than females (19.1%). Individuals aged 21 – 30 years (34.4%) and 31 – 40 years (25.5%) were the most affected ages. Riders (31.2%) and pedestrians (33.0%) were most affected. Time of most accidents was evening and morning. Females were less likely to acquire head injuries than their male counterparts (aOR = 0.512; 95%CI = 0.456 – 0.907) while they were more likely to acquire lower limb injuries (aOR = 1.269; 95%CI = 0.011 – 1.801) and pelvis injures (aOR = 1.930; 95%CI = 1.542 – 2.132) than the male victims. The younger victims were more likely to acquire upper limb injuries (aOR = 1.739; 95%CI = 1.160 – 2.606), head injuries (aOR = 1.356; 95%CI = 1.053 – 1.922) and spine injuries (aOR = 2.163; 95%CI = 1.153 – 4.059) than the elderly victims while they were less likely to acquire lower limb injuries (aOR = 0.346; 95%CI = 1.734 – 3.175) than the elderly victims. The trends of RTIs showed a gradual increase of 0.8% of RTIs cases at the facilities from 2018 to 2022. Lubaga hospital and Naguru hospital RTIs cases showed seasonality with an index of 1.01 and 1.36 respectively. Factors associated with daily RTIs were gender, category of victim, mechanism of injury and time of incident. The study recommended the provision of zebra crossings and pedestrian walkways, use of helmets for both rider and passenger, provision of riding permits to riders, and ensuring the traffic police are available in the morning and evening times of the day
Effect of employee engagement on organizational citizenship behavior within non-government organizations in Uganda : a case of USAID sites Uganda
No full textxii, 63 p.The study aimed to assess the effect of employee engagement on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) at USAID Sites (Strategic Information and Technical support) Organization. The specific objectives included: examining the effect of challenging tasks on OCB, establishing the effect of decision-making processes on OCB, and assessing the effect of access to information on OCB at USAID sites Organization. The study used a cross-sectional survey design incorporating qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study population comprised employees at USAID sites (Strategic Information and Technical Support). A sample size of 92 employees was utilized, consisting of 83 respondents for structured interviews and 9 Heads of Departments (HODs) for key informant interviews. Respondents were selected through a combination of simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis encompassed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate levels. To investigate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable, a multiple linear regression model was applied. The findings revealed a significant positive effect of challenging tasks on OCB at USAID Sites (B=0.037, P-value=0.001<0.05). The study's investigations also identified a positive and statistically significant influence of decision-making processes on OCB at USAID Sites (B=0.063, P-value=0.002<0.05). Furthermore, the investigation revealed a significant positive effect of access to information on OCB at USAID Sites (B=0.871, P-value=0.000<0.05). In conclusion, it is evident that challenging tasks, decision-making processes, and access to information play instrumental roles in fostering effective OCB at USAID Sites Organization. For recommendations, the organization should implement initiatives to enrich tasks by providing employees with challenging assignments that encourage critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity. This could involve regular skill-building workshops and opportunities for cross-functional collaboration. Enhance transparency in communication channels related to decision-making processes. This involves clearly articulating the rationale behind decisions, providing updates, and ensuring that information is accessible to all employees. Implement strategies to enhance the accessibility of relevant information for all employees. This may involve improving digital platforms, creating centralized repositories, and ensuring timely dissemination of information
Positive discipline approaches and students’ behaviour in government- aided secondary schools in sheema municipality, Uganda
No full textThis study examined the relationship between positive discipline approaches and
students’ behaviour in secondary schools in Sheema Municipality in
southwestern Uganda. Positive discipline approaches were looked at in terms of
guidance and counselling, positive reinforcement and role modelling in relation
to students' behaviours. This cross-sectional study involved a sample of 343
students. Data were collected from the students using a self-administered
questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was
used to carry out data analysis. The findings indicated that the measurement
model was good and structural equation model results revealed that guidance
counselling and positive reinforcement positively and significantly related to
students’ behaviour. However, role modelling is positively but insignificantly
related to students’ behaviour. The results imply that while guidance counselling
and positive reinforcement are essential factors for promoting students’
behaviour, role modelling is not. Therefore, it was recommended that school
administrators and teachers should emphasise providing guidance counselling
and positive reinforcement to students as they handle them while role modelling
should not be prioritised
Nexus between Menstrual Hygiene Management Facilities and Primary School Girls’ Class Attendance in Uganda
No full textP. (1-9) ;Inadequate Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) facilities has remained a daunting reality in majority of schools in low-income countries. In this study, the authors examined the availability of physical facilities for menstrual hygiene management, class attendance of girls from P.4 to P.7 and the relationship between the physical menstrual hygiene management facilities and class attendance of girls in primary schools. The paper was constructed from secondary datasets from the Eighth Uwezo Learning Assessment. A total of 954 schools were enlisted for the study. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and spearman rank correlation. Based on the findings, the study argues that promotion of girl child education through provision of WASH facilities unveiled both challenges and successful stories. While private rooms and functional hand washing facilities were limited in numbers, and in some cases not available at all, separate latrine stances were largely available. There were remarkable differences in the average girls’ attendance across regions and classes. Due to diverse relationships between menstrual hygiene facilities and class attendance, the study concludes that enhanced WASH facilities promote girls’ attendance while inadequate facilities hinder the attendance. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Sports should prioritize provision of adequate WASH facilities in primary schools. In addition, the government should ensure that interventions from development and/or education partners maximize the provision of quality WASH facilities for enhanced girls’ school attendance
Dietary practices and nutritional status of elderlypersons in post-conflict: A cross-sectional study ofNorthern Uganda
No full textP. (1-19) ;Malnutrition remains a problem in older populations globally. Most older persons do not meet therequired dietary intake with the majority consuming more of carbohydrate-based foods and vegetables.The current study therefore aimed at assessing the dietary practices, nutritional status and associatedfactors among elderly persons in the post-war setting of Gulu district.
This was a cross-sectional study among elderly persons ≥ 60 years residing in Bungatira Sub-County,Aswa County-Gulu District. The study used a multi-stage sampling procedure. Nutritional status wasmeasured using the Mini Nutrition Assessment – Short Form (MNA-SF) Analysis was done in STATA 16using modifi ed Poisson regression model. Variables with a p-value of 0.05 at multivariable analysis wereconsidered as factors associated with malnutrition