International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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Optimizing diabetes prediction using machine learning: a random forest approach
Get PDFDiabetes, a leading cause of global mortality, is responsible for millions of deaths annually due to complications such as heart disease, kidney failure, and stroke. Projections indicate that 700 million people will be affected by diabetes in 2045, placing immense strain on global healthcare systems. Early detection and accurate prediction of diabetes are essential in mitigating complications and reducing mortality rates. However, existing diabetes prediction frameworks face challenges, including imbalanced datasets, overfitting, inadequate feature selection, insufficient hyperparameter tuning, and lack of comprehensive evaluation metrics. To address these challenges, the proposed random forest diabetes prediction (Random DIP) framework integrates advanced techniques such as hyperparameter tuning, balanced training, and optimized feature selection using a random search cross-validation (RandomizedSearchCV). This framework significantly improves predictive accuracy and ensures reliable clinical applicability. Random DIP achieves 99.4% accuracy, outperforming related works by 7.23%, the area under curve (AUC) of 99.6%, surpassing comparable frameworks by 7.32%, a recall of 100%, exceeding existing models by 9.65%, a precision (97.8%), F1-score (98.9%), and outperformance of 6.69%. These metrics demonstrate Random DIP's excellent capacity to identify diabetes cases while minimizing false negatives (FPs) and providing reliable predictions for clinical use. Future work will focus on integrating real-time clinical data and expanding the framework to accommodate multi-disease prediction for broader healthcare applications
Performance evaluation of multicarrier quadrature phase shift keying-based system under noisy channel conditions
Get PDFA comprehensive analysis of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation in both single input single output (SISO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems is conducted using MATLAB. The investigation focuses on evaluating QPSK performance with metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) across diverse channel conditions. Furthermore, the study extends to encompass the integration of QPSK with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), with a particular emphasis on assessing spectral efficiency and error rate implications. To validate the accuracy of the simulations, QPSK and QPSK-OFDM configurations are implemented on the WiComm-T hardware platform, enabling a direct comparison of real-world performance metrics against simulation results. By offering practical insights and recommendations for the deployment of robust communication systems, this research underscores the inherent advantages of integrating OFDM with QPSK across both SISO and MIMO configurations
Binary relaxor piezoceramic Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-PbTiO3 for energy harvesting
Get PDFPerovskite relaxor-PT piezoelectrics are suitable materials for energy harvesting. Relaxor-PT crystals have electromechanical properties that can replace lead zirconate titanate (PZT). However, the growth of these relaxor-PT crystals is tedious and expensive. The important parameter for energy harvesting is the transduction rate (d×g) where d represents the piezoelectric coefficient and g represents the piezoelectric voltage constant. There is always a challenge to obtain a high (d×g) value. Lead magnesium niobate Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-lead titanate PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) is a binary relaxor-PT ceramic and the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of (1-x) PMN-xPT ceramics occur around x=0.29-0.40 which is not exactly defined. So here we have synthesized 0.71PMN-0.29PT, 0.68PMN-0.32PT, and 0.65PMN-0.35PT compositions by two-step sintering solid-state method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the PMN-PT ceramics exhibit a characteristic perovskite structure and also show that PMN-PT ceramics fall within the region of MPB. Out of the three compositions, the 0.71PMN-0.29PT ceramics show a higher transduction rate (d×g). So, this piezoelectric ceramic has the potential to replace costly piezoelectric single crystals in the creation of affordable, high-frequency energy harvesting devices
Domestic wastewater treatment system using waste plastic bottle caps as biofilter media
Get PDFThe increasing lack of clean water has created a paradigm for treating wastewater directly from the source. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of processing domestic waste using plastic bottle caps in the anaerobe and aerobe reactor system by measuring several key parameters in wastewater. Experimental study on on-site wastewater treatment system using two bioreactors, a biodegradation made from fruit and vegetable peel waste, and local microorganisms. Domestic wastewater was used in this study. The wastewater treatment system's performance was monitored using parameters like pH, temperature, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), collected daily at 9 am during peak wastewater generation. The wastewater treatment system using aerobe and anaerobic reactors with plastic bottle cap media and microorganism biodegradation effectively reduced the TSS, COD, and BOD. The anaerobe reactors were more effective at removing these pollutants, with a maximum TSS reduction of 81.1%, COD removal efficiency of 90.1%, and BOD removal efficiency of 80.2%. The longer acclimatization time of the anaerobe reactor may make it more efficient after acclimatization compared to the aerobe reactor. Although the anaerobe reactor may require a longer acclimatization time, it ultimately results in a higher efficiency in terms of TSS, COD, and BOD reduction compared to the aerobe reactor
Digital twin software provider: key players, rankings and trends
Get PDFCurrent studies about digital twins (DT) generally provide little support to interested parties in selecting suitable providers. The aim of the present study is, on the one hand, to ask whether existing rankings could be used to derive a quick, cost-efficient decision. On the other hand, it is to be questioned how the provider market is developing. Therefore, the study based on the one hand on 10 provider rankings of DT and the other hand on detailed research of n=153 providers was included for a detailed analysis of trends. The following findings were obtained: i) The selected top 10 rankings can serve as a fast, cost-efficient selection approach for providers; ii) the DT market is dominated by established, large top providers with North American locations; and iii) Since 2010 there has been a trend in the form of a disproportionately large number of new providers
Optimizing renewable energy potential in island areas based on analytical hierarchy process
Get PDFThe decreasing availability of fossil fuels and their contribution to environmental degradation and emissions of harmful gases has encouraged a shift to renewable energy sources. This change aims to produce electricity without using fossil fuels. Banyak Islands, a new tourist destination in Aceh Singkil, Indonesia, is experiencing an increase in visitors, increasing electricity demand currently supplied by diesel power plants. Therefore, this research aims to examine the possibilities of wind and solar power plants and assess their energy output. The four factors used to determine the potential of renewable energy are technology, economics, environment, and social politics, with 13 sub-criteria. Analytical hierarchy process techniques prioritize potential alternative energy sources such as wind and solar power facilities. Research findings show that environmental criteria have a higher value (0.3455) than financial criteria (0.2861), next is technological criteria (0.1734), then socio-political criteria (0.1603). Based on the results of the requirements and sub-requirements, wind power generation is the most effective and efficient alternative energy used in the Banyak Islands region (0.549), followed by solar power generation (0.451). This data shows that the area is prone to medium to high wind speeds, specifically in geographic locations facing the Indian Ocean which is located offshore
Information and communication technology transform the agricultural extension practices in North Maluku, Indonesia
Get PDFThe world's swift digitization has profoundly transformed how farmers and extension workers operate, learn, and communicate. This study explores how information and communication technologies (ICT) adoption transforms agricultural extension practices in North Maluku, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the study gathered and analyzed data from fifteen extension workers through interviews, observation, documentation, and focus group discussions from November 2022 to March 2023. The findings reveal ICT adoption has transformed the extension workers’ strategies in five areas: i) coordination and collaboration, ii) digital learning, iii) virtual group dynamics, iv) promotion and mobilization, and v) online consultation and monitoring. However, ICT adoption has not replaced traditional extension methods, such as demonstration plots, field schools, and field trips. The use of ICT is not always in line with the deterministic view that technology automatically changes society. In contrast, recursive patterns in practice adaptation create complex dynamics in which extension workers' decisions continue to play a key role in the evolution of agricultural extension. These findings enrich practical and policy debates regarding harnessing ICT potential for enhanced agricultural extension in Indonesia. Additionally, they advance theoretical discussions on the merits of the technological determinism perspective in analyzing ICT utilization
Ambulance tracking system using GPS module and IoT based telegram messenger to find fastest route
Get PDFTraffic congestion in urban areas affects ambulance trips to hospitals. This research aims to find the fastest route for ambulances to travel. The fastest route has criteria such as road shape, road width, shortest distance traveled, and fewer road users. This detection system applies internet of things (IoT) technology to each ambulance equipped with global positioning system (GPS), NodeMCU, and Wi-Fi modem that can send GPS coordinates to the cloud server, which will then mark the shortest distance from its current location to the hospital through the place where the emergency call is raised. The components used in this research are Neo6M GPS, NodeMCU ESP8266, cloud computing, and smartphone. This system can provide realtime information on all ambulance positions via android applications and Telegram messenger. The results obtained can determine the fastest path, distance, and travel time. In addition, the operation of this system takes 2-3 minutes to find the GPS signal at the beginning, then there is a 1-2 second delay from the GPS Tracking movement. Testing the route accuracy of this system and google maps by driving by motorcycle shows the results of this GPS system are more accurate in terms of distance and travel time
Mandailing smoked fish cuisine: cultural, nutritional, and local wisdom insights
Get PDFThis study explores the uniqueness of Mandailing traditional cuisine, focusing on the cultural and nutritional significance of its iconic smoked fish dishes, such as smoked fish rendang, smoked fish curry, smoked fish with chili sauce, and smoked fish with vegetables. These dishes showcase the traditional fish smoking practices developed as a preservation method, allowing the Mandailing community to adapt to the abundance of rivers and natural resources in their highland environment. Smoking fish not only extended its shelf life but also became a cornerstone of Mandailing culinary identity, reflecting the community’s ingenuity and resourcefulness. Mandailing cuisine is deeply influenced by neighboring culinary traditions from West Sumatra and North Tapanuli, resulting in a rich fusion of bold flavors, often characterized using coconut milk and fresh spices. The preparation of smoked fish combines traditional high-heat cooking techniques with unique flavor profiles that distinguish Mandailing dishes from other Indonesian cuisines. This research highlights the importance of Mandailing smoked fish practices in sustaining local food systems and preserving cultural heritage. By emphasizing both cultural and nutritional aspects, it underlines the relevance of these traditional practices in promoting food diversity, environmental sustainability, and the recognition of Indonesia’s rich culinary landscape
A review of direct-to-device satellite technology in bridging connectivity gaps in Malaysia
Get PDFThe connectivity gap in rural and remote regions of Malaysia remains a significant challenge due to the high costs and technical challenges of deploying fixed-line infrastructure like fiber optics and copper cables. Similarly, expanding cellular networks such as 4G and 5G to these areas is often economically unfeasible for mobile network operators (MNOs) due to low returns on investment. Direct-to-device (D2D) satellite technology has recently emerged as a promising solution, gaining interest from both industry and academia. D2D enables direct communication with standard mobile phones and internet of things (IoT) devices, extending coverage to underserved regions without requiring extensive ground infrastructure. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of D2D technology, its technical aspects, and its suitability as a complementary solution to terrestrial networks. This paper also discusses how D2D technology can bridge the connectivity gap in Malaysia, offering a possible solution to enhance digital inclusion in rural and remote communities