International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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Investigation of temperature effects of a low-level laser source within the muscle phantom
Get PDFIn this study, temperature effects of a low-level laser source were investigated in a muscle phantom within 20, 40, 60, and 80 seconds time intervals. A temperature meter device having a 5-channel and 10 kΩ negative temperature coefficient (NTC) type thermistor sensors were developed in TÜBİTAK UME Medical Metrology Laboratory for these special temperature measurements. The muscle phantom poured into a phantom container that was specially designed for 5-channel sensor placement and printed in a 3D printer. It has also been acoustically confirmed that the phantom has muscle phantom characteristics. As a result of this study, it is concluded that the laser source used is safe and suitable at therapy usage within the specified times in terms of the detected temperatures
Techno-economic environmental assessment of hybrid renewable energy system in India
Get PDFThe co-ordination of non-conventional energy technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ocean are gaining significance in India due to more energy requirements and high greenhouse gas emission. In this assessment, the sustainability of emerging the gird isolated hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/wind turbine (WT)/diesel generator (DG)/battery system for Arunai Engineering College, India building is evaluated. The techno-economic and environmental research was inspected by HOMER Pro software by choosing the optimal combination depends on size of the components, renewable fraction, net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the hybrid system. From the acquired outcomes and sensitivity investigation, the optimal PV-WT-DG-battery combination has a NPC of 0.1266/kWh, with an operating cost of $256.761/year. The grid isolated hybrid system is environmentally pleasant with a greenhouse gas emission of 2.692 kg/year with renewable fraction of 99.9%
Performance of rubber seed oil as an alternative to diesel in oil-based drilling mud formulation
Get PDFThe formulation of an oil-based mud was made possible with the oil extracted from rubber seeds using the famous Soxhlet extraction method. The mud was formulated using the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard of 25 g of bentonite to 350 mL base fluid. The choice of rubber oil comes as a result of its flash point and aniline point which lie in the range of base oils used for mud formulation. The rheological properties of the rubber oil-based mud (OBM) were beyond the scope of the viscometer and hence thinner was added to reduce its viscosity and its suitability to compete favorably with diesel OBM was checked. The 10 sec and 10 min gel strength of the rubber OBM were recorded as 68 lb/100 ft2 and 69 lb/100 ft2 respectively while that of Diesel was 65 lb/100 ft2 and 67 lb/100 ft2. The plastic viscosity of rubber OBM was 12 cp while that of Diesel was 17 cp. They both exhibited Bingham Plastic behavior and a similar yield point of 146 lb/100 ft2. The formulated mud samples were subjected to temperatures of 60 ºC and 75 ºC and it was discovered that rubber OBM was more likely to retain its rheological property than diesel OBM. Comparison with other rheological properties of diesel OBM showed that the formulated mud could be used alternatively for diesel in drilling operations
A systematic overview of secure image steganography
Get PDFInformation is a vital thing that needs to be secured and well protected during transmission between two or more parties over the internet. This can be achieved by steganography technology. Steganography is the concealing science in which the information is concealed inside other information in a way that the concealed information cannot be detectable by the human eye. Many ways are available to hide data inside a cover media for example text, image, and audio steganography, but image steganography is the most utilized technique among the others. Secure image steganography has a high-security level than traditional technique by combining steganography with cryptography due to encrypting secret information by cryptography algorithm before embedding it into the cover media by steganography algorithm. In this paper, a systematic review has been presented about secure image steganography and its renowned types. Many researchers proposed secure image steganography by using various cryptography and steganography algorithms which have been reviewed. The least significant bit ‘LSB’ was the renowned steganography algorithm which has been used by researchers due to its simplicity, while various cryptography algorithms like advanced encryption standard (AES) and blowfish have been used to propose secure image steganography in the reviewed papers. The comparison among the reviewed papers indicated that the LSB with hash-RSA gave a greater peak signal-noise ratio ‘PSNR’ value than the others which was 74.0189 dB
Groundwater suitability for irrigated agriculture in alluvial Bengal delta plain: a review
Get PDFGroundwater is a vital source of irrigation and domestic purposes in Bangladesh, and hence, it must satisfy the water quality guidelines. The study has selected 11 districts of Bangladesh and collected secondary data regarding the irrigation water quality of groundwater. Several irrigation water indices, such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), and irrigation water quality (IWQ) index are applied to evaluate irrigation water quality. According to IWQindex, the results showed 25.5% of water samples fell in a highly suitable water type, whereas 33.5% exhibited a low suitability type, and the remaining 41% showed medium suitability for irrigation purposes. The values of SAR, SSP, RSBC, and MAR indices showed that about 31-64% of water samples were very good, whereas 5-20% were very poor for the same purpose. The results of TDS, EC, and total hardness showed good results as 88-93% of water samples fell in fair to excellent quality. The salinity hazard was found in the groundwater of coastal areas and was completely unfit for irrigation. The study findings would help for improving the management of the groundwater resources for agricultural purposes in Bangladesh
iPark: automated smart parking system
Get PDFParking problems became ubiquitous and are growing at an alarming rate in every major city. It causes parking problems which cause traffic jams, driver frustration, and pollution. Time we visit different public places for example shopping centers, multiplex movies hall and lodging houses during carnivals or holidays, it makes the added parking difficult. Checking out a parking lot results in 40% to 50% of traffic jams. Due to this, car parking, in turn, causes the traffic issue. There are some problems associated with car parking like the way to control the amount of cars within the parking zone, monitoring the movement of the car in/outside of the parking zone, checking whether there's an area inside for more cars or not, and therefore the safety to park. This paper proposes an answer to these problems using the concept of the web of Things. iPark is a fully automated system that senses the entry and exit of a car, displays the entire number of cars parked within the parking zone on screen, and the way many free spaces are available within the parking lot
Opposition based red wolf algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem
Get PDFThis paper presents an opposition based red wolf optimization (ORWO) algorithm for solving optimal reactive power problem. Each red wolf has a flag vector in the algorithm, and length is equivalent to the whole sum of numbers which features in the dataset of the wolf optimization (WO). In this proposed algorithm, red wolf optimization algorithm has been intermingled with opposition-based learning (OBL). By this amalgamate procedure the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm will be increased. To discover an improved candidate solution, the concurrent consideration of a probable and its corresponding opposite are estimated which is closer to the global optimum than an arbitrary candidate solution. Proposed algorithm has been tested in standard IEEE 14-bus and 300-bus test systems. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm reduced the real power loss considerably
A 3-dimensional fast machine learning algorithm for mobile unmanned aerial vehicle base stations
Get PDFThe 5G technology is predicted to achieve the unoptimized millimeter Wave (mmWave) of 30 to 300 GHz bands. This unoptimized band is because of the loss of mm-Wave bands, like path attenuation and propagation losses. Nonetheless, because: (i) Directional transmission paving way for beamforming to recompense for the path attenuation; and (ii) Sophisticated placement concreteness of the base stations (BS) is the best alternative for array wireless communications in mmWave bands (that is to say 100 to 150 m). The advance in technology and innovation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) necessitates many opportunities and uncertainties. UAVs are agile and can fly all complexities of the terrains making ground robots unsuitable. The UAV may be managed either independently aboard computers or through distance controlled by a flight attendant on pulverized wireless communication links in our case 5G. Although a fast algorithm solved the problematic aspect of beam selection for 2-dimensional scenarios. This paper presents 3-dimensional scenarios for UAVs. We modeled beam selection with environmental responsiveness in millimeter Wave UAV to accomplish close optimum assessments on a regular period through learning from the available situation
True power loss reduction by mountain zebra, augmented bat, and improved kidney search algorithms
Get PDFIn this paper optimal reactive power problem is solved by mountain zebra algorithm (MZA), augmented bat algorithm (AB), and improved kidney search (IKS) algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, an intermediate state has been established at first, and then explores the intermediate state in order to obtain the global optima. Iterative local search implemented in this proposed algorithm. This technique enhances the search procedure in rapid mode. Then in this work, IKS algorithm has been proposed for solving optimal reactive power problem. In initial phase, a random population of probable solutions is created and re-absorption, secretion, excretion are imitated in the search process to check various conditions entrenched to the algorithm. The algorithm has been built to advance the search even a potential solution moved to waste (W) and it will be brought back to the filtered blood (FB). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) test is utilized to verify the fitness of kidneys. Better efficiency of the proposed MZA, AB, and IKS algorithm confirmed by successful evaluation in standard IEEE 14-bus, 118-bus, and 300-bus test systems. The results show that active power loss has been reduced
Heavy metals removal by thiol modified oak charcoal: adsorption efficiency and selectivity
Get PDFHerein, the removal of heavy metals on thiol modified oak charcoal was investigated. The modified charcoal was characterized by X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. Then, its adsorption efficiency for the removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ from water was tested. The effects of several conditions on metals adsorption were investigated such as contact time, pH, electrolytes and the initial metal ions concentration. The adsorption capacities were high (197, 250, and 214 mg g-1 for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ respectively). The selectivity was also dependent on the metal ions nature and the functional group used. The mechanism of adsorption is complex where several types of interaction between metal ions and the adsorbent surface are involved