International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences
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E-commerce waste management: a systematic review
Get PDFThis paper reviews literature on e-commerce waste management issues and challenges, focusing on potential improvements in Malaysia. It analyzes various sources, including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar (GS), using thematic and content analysis based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The review highlights the surge in packaging and electronic waste due to increased e-commerce activity. In response, Malaysia has introduced policies promoting sustainable practices, such as eco-friendly packaging, e-waste regulations, and circular economy (CE) principles. Growing consumer awareness has also driven demand for sustainable e-commerce options. However, the key challenge is to reduce waste generation rather than just managing it. Achieving this will require significant efforts to minimize excessive manufacturing and packaging. The review aims to provide insights for stakeholders to support effective waste management and foster sustainability in the e-commerce sector
Artificial neural network based sensorless position estimation and direct torque control for stepper motor
Get PDFThis study describes and illustrates how sensorless location estimation is achieved through the application of artificial neural network (ANN) control. Control stepper motor torque directly. Using stepper motors directly leads to a lot of problems; therefore, automated control systems are now commonly preferred. Stepper motors have several drawbacks when used directly, including the potential for steps to occasionally be missing while the motors are running. When physical sensors are not available, the proposed method estimates rotor position and speed using electrical signals and ANN algorithms. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate accurate position estimation (±1.5°) and efficient torque control. The sensorless direct torque control (DTC)-ANN approach increases the performance, reliability, and cost of stepper motors in robotics, computer numerical control (CNC) machines, and 3D printing
Searchable encryption based on a chaotic system and AES algorithm
Get PDFCloud computing provides on-demand access to computing resources, such as storage and processing power. This technology allows businesses to scale efficiently while reducing infrastructure costs. However, protecting the security and privacy of data has grown to be a top priority. This is where enhancing cloud security with searchable encryption (SE) is crucial. SE effectively secures users’ sensitive data while preserving searchability on the cloud server side. It enables the cloud server to search via encrypted data without disclosing information in plaintext data. SE uses different encryption methods to encrypt data before uploading it to servers. The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a common algorithm for encrypting this data. In this paper, a novel SE method has been presented. The technique exploits the properties of the chaotic map to generate an AES key, which makes the AES algorithm more secure for encrypting the searchable index and uploaded files. We implement and test our method with real data from files. The experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly satisfy a higher level of security as compared to other schemes
Deep learning approach for monkeypox virus prediction: leveraging DensetNet-121 and image data
Get PDFThe Mpox virus, sometimes referred to as monkeypox, causes flu-like symptoms and rashes. The variola virus, which causes smallpox, is linked to the virus that causes monkeypox. Smallpox symptoms are more severe than those of Mpox, and the illness is rarely deadly. There is no connection between Mpox and chickenpox. The variola virus of smallpox and the vaccinia virus being used in the smallpox vaccine both belong to the Orthopoxvirus genus, which also includes the uncommon viral disease known as monkeypox. This study aims to increase the effectiveness of monkeypox virus (MPV) identification by utilizing global historical records. This study examines several approaches and determines which produces the best results for the input data. Performance metrics have been used to compare the efficiency to current models. The underlying patterns and correlations in the data are then taught to Dense-Net-121 through the use of the training set. The remarkable results are as follows: accuracy at 96.12%, precision at 93.2%, recall at 90%, F1-score at 91%, the area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) at 94.5%, and specificity at 94%, outperforming the existing methods
Energy efficient direct transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. using hydrodynamic cavitation
Get PDFThe increasingly limited supply of fossil fuels requires renewable fuel as an alternative source. Nannochloropsis sp. is a microalgae species containing a lipid content of between 12 and 53%, which can be converted to biofuel as an alternative source of fossil fuels through a transesterification process. Up to this date, the literature has reported no studies on biodiesel production from Nannochloropsis sp. via direct transesterification with catalyst using hydrodynamic cavitation. The direct transesterification process introduced 7.5 g of microalgae, 40 ml of methanol, 90 ml of hexane, and 0.0225 g of sodium hydroxide into the sample chamber. These mixtures were passed within the cavitation using a pressure driver and transformed into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The catalytic hydrodynamic cavitation method produces a higher extract yield than the stirring one. Regarding the FAME composition, the catalytic hydrodynamic cavitation method is dominated by saturated fatty acid (palmitic), while the stirring catalytic method is dominated by monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic). The hydrodynamic cavitation method provides a lower average degree of unsaturation and shorter chain length than the stirring catalytic method
Impact of natural-white and red-blue light-emitting diode lighting on hydroponic basil growth and energy efficiency
Get PDFAdvanced phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) have been developed to mimic the natural sunlight spectrum, potentially enhancing plant growth compared to traditional red-blue (R-B) LEDs. This study aimed to compare the effects of natural-white pc-WLED (nsW-pcLED) and conventional R-B LED (R:B 3.24) on the growth, yield, and energy efficiency of hydroponically grown sweet basil. It was cultivated in a deep-water culture system under identical conditions with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200±10 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and a 16/8 light/dark photoperiod over 28 days. Key growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and plant fresh weight (PFW), were measured, while energy consumption was recorded to assess efficiency. Results indicated that nsW-pcLED significantly enhanced growth, with plants achieving an average height of 44.30±1.51 cm, stem diameter of 6.68±0.21 mm, and a PFW of 34.20±6.12 g, compared to 35.88±4.05 cm, 4.66±0.88 mm, and 23.02±5.26 g under R-B LED (p <0.05), respectively. The nsW-pcLED treatment produced an average net growth of 1,221 g·m⁻² versus 536.43 g·m⁻² for R-B LED and delivered 33.05 g·m⁻²·kW·h⁻¹ compared to 11.17 g·m⁻²·kW·h⁻¹, while consuming 23% less energy. These findings highlight nsW-pcLED’s superior performance for indoor hydroponic cultivation. Future studies should explore its application in large-scale systems and across diverse crop species
Internet of things based seasonal auto regression integrated moving average model for hydroponic water quality prediction
Get PDFTechnological progress significantly impacts agriculture, with the rapid expansion of industrial and residential areas leading to a scarcity of agricultural land. Modern farming techniques like hydroponics have emerged as a solution, allowing plant growth with water as a medium. Real-time monitoring of water quality is crucial for hydroponic systems. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is particularly compatible with hydroponics due to its short growth cycle and nutritional value. Key factors for successful cultivation include maintaining pH, temperature, and nutrient levels within optimal ranges. To address water quality monitoring complexities, internet of things (IoT) technology offers a promising solution. IoT devices autonomously gather environmental metrics such as temperature, pH, humidity, and nutrient concentrations. This study integrates an IoT-driven hydroponic water quality monitoring system using the seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) algorithm and the ESP32 microcontroller. This approach allows real-time water quality management, enhancing lettuce cultivation efficiency and productivity. The proposed model achieved 98.6% accuracy, effectively predicting water quality
Main eco-properties of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) on the Sheki-Zagatala economic region
Get PDFThe aim of the study is to determine leaf nutrients, the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms and the structure of microbial communities, microbial biomass ratios, and soil parameters in the upper soil horizons in the territory of the Sheki-Zagatala economic region from five representative hazelnut gardens located in the hazelnut producing villages of Katex, Darvazbina, Boyuktala (Balakan region), and Car, Galal (Zagatala region). Has been reported that soils with slightly acidic reactions are ideal for hazelnut cultivation. Hazelnut trees in Azerbaijan have sustainable and nutritious characteristics. They grow naturally without using any chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The soil fertility of the orchards is a key factor affecting the yield and quality of nuts. The number of microorganisms at 0-15 cm in spring was 10.059·103, 7.786·103 bacterias, 3.009·103 ray fungi, and 73·103 other microscopic fungi. In moderately eroded areas, the total number of microorganisms in spring was 8.927·103, bacterias 5.895·103, ray fungi 1.874·103, and other microscopic fungi 68 103. In non-eroded fertile soils, the number of microorganisms at a depth of 0-15 cm in autumn was 8.020·103 bacteria, 5.246·103 bacteria, 1.789·103 radiant fungi, and 5.8·103 microscopic fungi. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents of tree leaves in each variant ranged from 0.49-1.07, 0.16-0.36, and 0.58-1.49%, respectively, with average values of 0.73, 0.21, and 1.03%
A causal model to assess the influence of supply chain 4.0 on Moroccan companies’ performance
Get PDFAlthough supply chain 4.0 (SC 4.0) has been widely adopted by major industries globally, particularly in developed countries, Moroccan industries, including key sectors like automotive and aeronautical, are just beginning to give this concept the attention it deserves, therefore, the examination of the impact of this new concept on the companies’ performance has not been presented in the literature review. This paper presents a conceptual model used to evaluate the impact of the SC 4.0 levers (purchase and supply, production, storage and distribution, and sales and after-sales) on companies’ financial and organizational performance using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 26.0, the goal is to investigate the relationship between the SC 4.0 levers as a mean construct in one hand, and the other hand, financial and organizational performance as results constructs, the findings in this research paper confirm the significant and positive relationship between these constructs, aligning with what was cited in the literature review
Illuminance study of lecture rooms and laboratories in an educational academic building based on the MS 1525 standard
Get PDFThe lighting system is a crucial system in classrooms and other educational facilities such as laboratories and sports centers. Poor lighting conditions will affect the ability of the students to see clearly during classes and result in eye strain, fatigue, headache, and stress. Hence, this study aims to investigate the illuminance levels in four lecture rooms and six laboratories in the Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia using DIALux evo 10.0 lighting design software. The illuminance levels determined from simulations were compared with the required illuminance levels for classrooms (300 lx) and laboratories (500 lx) stipulated in the Malaysian standards (MS) 1525-energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non-residential buildings. Based on the results, the selected lecture rooms were overlit, whereas three of the laboratories were underlit. Suggestions were made to improve the illuminance levels of the lecture rooms and laboratories by changing the specifications of the lighting system or by making use of natural sunlight from the windows