International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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A multi-scale dual-stage model for PV array fault detection, classification, and monitoring technique
Get PDFThe output generated by photovoltaic arrays is influenced mainly by the irradiance, which has non-uniform distribution in a day. This has resulted in the current-limiting nature and nonlinear output characteristics, and conventional protection devices cannot detect and clean faults appropriately. This paper proposes a low-cost model for a multi-scale dual-stage photovoltaic fault detection, classification, and monitoring technique developed through MATLAB/Simulink. The main contribution of this paper is that it can detect multiple common faults, be applied on multi-scale photovoltaic arrays regardless of environmental conditions, and be beneficial for photovoltaic system maintenance work. The experimental results show that the developed algorithm using supervised learning algorithms mutual with k-fold cross-validation has produced good performances in identifying six common faults of photovoltaic arrays, achieved 100% accuracy in fault detection, and achieved good accuracy in fault classification. Challenges and suggestions for future research direction are also suggested in this paper. Overall, this study shall provide researchers and policymakers with a valuable reference for developing photovoltaic system fault detection and monitoring techniques for better feasibility, safety, and energy sustainability
Power quality improvement of grid-connected photovoltaic systems using PI-fuzzy controller
Get PDFTo ensure enhanced reliability and availability of electricity to consumers, grid-connected photovoltaic systems need to improve their power quality, this paper uses a three-phase five levels cascaded H-bridge inverter in grid-connected mode to improve the flexibility and efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Each photovoltaic (PV) array in the proposed system has a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to extract the PV array maximum power point for a particular irradiance and temperature and reduce the mismatch that causes an imbalance in the power sent from the inverter to the main grid. The fuzzy logic controller is used to tune the proportional-integral (PI) controller to regulate the current and voltage of the grid-connected inverter by changing the gain of the PI controller (Kp, Ki) to obtain a fast response and improve the power quality of the system despite different load disturbances and inputs. The system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results show the superiority of the proposed control unit, in which a pure and stable sine output voltage and current waveforms. Finally, the total harmonic distortion (THD) is improved to reach 3.81% based on the fuzzy PI controller, while 7.77% is based on the PI controller
Power quality improvement of wind energy system using energy storage model and DSTATCOM
Get PDFNowadays power crises in different countries are observed and the main cause of the power crisis is the huge gap between the supply and demand of electricity, renewable energy sources are identified as an alternative to overcome the power crisis gap. Renewable wind energy is the most promising energy source. Increasing the integration of wind energy into the grid causes the exploitation of power quality. Hence there is a need to deal with this issue. In this case, supercapacitors and custom power devices are introduced as smart energy storage devices in grid-connected wind energy systems for power quality enhancement features. The indirect current control scheme has interfered with custom power devices based on DSTATCOM. The optimal MATLAB-based smart energy storage model and hardware results are compared and validated. power quality improvement feature of grid-connected wind energy system using DSTATCOM is highlighted. The main aim of this study is to determine and interface the optimistic energy storage device into grid connected wind energy system. So that the stability of the wind energy system is to be maintained and also able to enhance the overall efficiency of the wind energy system
Method to assess the potential of photovoltaic panel based on roof design
Get PDFThe photovoltaic (PV) panel makes it possible for everyone to produce electricity in their own house. However, the panel is quite a costly investment and requires much consideration to maximize its potential. The roof has variables that would impact electricity generation. The roof of housing in Indonesia was built generally in a complex shape, a combination of gable and hip roofs. This research is conducted to break down factors affecting PV productivity in regard to the roof’s aspects. A computer simulation using Ladybug plugin in Rhinoceros software has been done to achieve the target. Initially, the performance of PV panels on the gable, and hip roof, is analyzed respectively. It is found that the roof’s slope, and orientation, contribute more to the amount of electricity produced than the shape itself. These factors were used to assess the PV potential in several housing models employing simple and complex roof (more than 2 surfaces) construction in the city of Gorontalo. Eventually, a comparison between the estimation of real PV production on housing, and the estimation provided by the simulation is conducted to verify the assessment method. The difference is about 4%, as proof the simulation result is reliable
Large-scale wind power grid modelling and stability evaluation using stochastic approaches
Get PDFWith the global demand to increase the level of low-carbon renewable energy resources (RERs) for electric power generation, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, and concerns that fossil fuel emissions are leading to climate change with possibly disastrous consequences, research is underway to discover the probable large-scale usage of RERs that will not be integrated into an existing power grid. A large-scale RER power grid is anticipated to run independently and be stable and dependable, like a traditional system. Wind power generation is no longer negligible. Wind energy is one of the most established renewable power options for ensuring RE self-sufficiency, but it's also one of the ficklest (RERs). Wind power generation is predicted to rise quickly in the next years owing to interest in renewable energy to counteract global warming. National or regional RE power networks are the subjects of growing study. The issue is the grid's stability and dependability. Wind farms' production variability, intermittency, and load mismatch can damage grid voltage stability. In answer to this difficulty, a large-scale wind power system was modeled using a stochastic methodology, and the results were analyzed using the Lyapunov technique, matrix exponential, and Hurwitz criteria to determine the future stability of a 100% RE grid
A low-cost business-oriented seaport energy effective management platform
Get PDFMany seaports worldwide attempt to gain energy efficiency towards reducing their energy costs while mitigating climate change and environmental effects. In this pa- per, a low-cost business-oriented seaport energy effective management (PERFFECT) platform is introduced. PERFFECT intends to gain knowledge on fundamental port operational and business processes and evaluate them against energy efficiency and environmental footprint. Exploiting all the proposed PERFFECT applications like monitoring, evaluation, forecasting, and optimization, the energy efficiency of the op- erational infrastructure of the port’s is achieved. Port’s energy balance is estimated and used to decide the ports optimal energy usage. Moreover, the traffic volume produced by the gate check is simulated and utilized for further actions. These actions include energy savings and emission reduction recommendations. Finally, the proposed platform is evaluated against real-life data, while the experimental results present the out- come and efficiency of the system. The suggested system results in up to 82.82% light energy savings after a specific suggested action and up to 33% reduction of vehicle emissions, respectively
Analysis of chattering in step down converter via sliding mode reaching law
Get PDFThe reaching law approach is broadly used for chattering repression, minimization of steady state error and reaching pace kept minimsed. The reasons of chattering, in this paper proposes sliding mode reaching law. In one hand, they assurance the scheme arrives at the sliding face swiftly and stay on it, in another way they deteriorate the chattering inefficiently, even matchless certainties and disturbances. This proposed reaching law gives uniqueness of the response. The reaching law is compared with Gao’s reaching law. Sliding mode reaching laws gives the efficacy in reducing the chattering of the variable structure control (VSC). This reaching law also reduces the losses in the switching diplomacy. In turns efficiency of the step-down converter increases. Simulation results give significant decrease of chattering and extremely fewer receptive in supply and load variation
Effect of the bus voltage level on the power system design for microsatellites
Get PDFEach time there is a need for a satellite mission analysis, engineers need to coordinate together the choice of one technology with regard to the other (i.e. solar cells technology, transistors, microcontrollers, and batteries). The process of selecting one technology to another or a component to another is called ‘trade off’. This concept is a hard and situational decision that involves diminishing one quality, of a system or a design in return for gains in other aspects such as weight, performance, speed and so on. The present paper will focus essentially on the use of the 28 V unregulated bus voltage because early satellites, all used, a 14 V unregulated bus voltage. The paper will also show trade-offs made when using the 28 V unregulated bus voltage with different topologies
A brief review on hardware structure of AC electric spring
Get PDFDecarbonizing power generation and reducing greenhouse gas emissions require renewable energy sources. Intermittent nature of renewable energy sources can cause blackouts, fluctuation in voltage, grid-connected inverter usage, inability to predict power generation, fluctuations in voltage and frequency. It is possible to balance between the supply and demand of power to overcome these problems by using an electric spring (ES). It is necessary to study its work, types, and controlling actions for realizing the benefits of the electric spring. This paper reviews the hardware structure of an ES based on voltage-source inverter (VSI) and current-source inverter (CSI) topologies, in single-phase and three-phase AC power distribution systems with renewable energy sources. The structure, control strategies, operating modes, advantages and disadvantages of each ES topology are elaborated to make it a suitable alternative for resolving different power quality issues caused due to the high penetration of renewable energy sources
Comprehensive analysis and design of furnace oil-based power station using ETAP
Get PDFHigh standards of living are linked with the availability of energy. Therefore, there is always a requirement to modify existing power generating systems or to add new systems to fulfill the increasing demands of energy. It is becoming a core issue in the South Asian region so that at least current standards of living could be maintained by controlling growing energy rates and shortening the availability of conventional sources. Furnace oil is a residue obtained in the process of distillation of crude oil in the petroleum industry. This furnace oil is applicable for power generation plants allied with the petroleum industry so that residue of oil refineries could be utilized. In this research, a furnace oil-based power plant is designed in electrical transient and analysis program (ETAP) software. Moreover, steady-state and transient analysis of the proposed design of the power plant are conducted to increase practical viability of model. Load flow is analyzed to depict the performance of the power plant model under load conditions. This model is further tested under the motor starting event to analyze the current drawn by the motor. This event helps to determine the permissible values of protective equipment installed in power plants. In the last, economic dispatch analysis is conducted to find the relative minima of generation cost of furnace oil-based power plant with respect to coal and hydel generatio