International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Energy management system for AC/DC HMGS integrated with interconnected renewable sources and interlinking converter
Get PDFAC/DC hybrid micro grid system (HMGS) is designed with renewable energy sources (RES) and battery energy storage system (BESS) with unique control schemes, interfaced with multi terminal interlinking converters (ILCs). This ILC operates on droop control scheme to guarantee bidirectional power sharing to AC/DC sub grids. The power sources in AC/DC sub grids like PV, Fuel cell, BESS are controlled by advance control methods for maximum power extraction with power quality. A three-level control structure is designed for optimal energy management system (EMS). The first level confirms the power balance in AC/DC sub grid with autonomous bidirectional power transfer via ILC in islanded mode. The second level tracks the batteries state of charge (SoC), based on the minimum and maximum SoC the battery operates for charging and discharging. The third level gives the power redundant capability for critical loads connected in AC/DC sub grid for DC system and single-phase system
Comparison between horizontal and vertical axis wind turbine
Get PDFSince ancient times, wind energy has been exploited in various fields, it was at the beginning used to rotate pumps for the purposes of agriculture and irrigation. At the beginning of the 18th century, wind turbines began to produce electricity with modest capacities. In the following years, the capacities of the turbines increased and it became necessary to deal with this increase by reducing losses and inventing new designs for turbines Suitable for working conditions and installation location. The rotor power coefficient in a wind turbine can reach 0.59 which is called the bets limit. The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) design was invented for working conditions, capacities, and places, in which it may be difficult to install older Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The efficiency of the HAWT is still higher than the VAWT, in addition, the amount of efficiency in the HAWT is greater than the VAWT by 25% but the VAWT has the amount of torque more than the HAWT. The main objective of this research is to compare the VAWT and the HAWT, taking into account several aspects which have been reviewed to try to understand the importance of the two designs
Leveraging PSO algorithms to achieve optimal stand-alone microgrid performance with a focus on battery lifetime
Get PDFThis research endeavors to increase the lifespan of a battery utilized in a standalone microgrid system, a self-sufficient electrical system that consists of multiple generators that are not connected to the main power grid. This type of system is ideal for use in remote locations or areas where the grid connection is not possible. The sources of energy for this system include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, diesel generators, and batteries. The state of charge (SOC) of the battery is used to determine the amount of energy stored in it. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is applied to minimize energy generation costs and maximize battery life. The results show that battery optimization can decrease energy generation costs from Rp 5,271,523.03 (839.30 in USD) while increasing the battery's lifespan by 0.42%, with losses of 7.22 kW and 433.29 kVAR, and also a life loss cost of Rp 5,499/$0.35
Experimental investigations of 3.75 kW laboratory scale pico Kaplan hydraulic turbine
Get PDFExperimental investigations of 3.75 kW Pico Kaplan turbines have been carried out in this communication. The turbine is utilized for the experimental purpose for the students and it is procured under TEQIP-III project of World Bank. The load test of the turbine has been done which run at 50% capacity and presented the main and operating characteristic curves. It is observed that the efficiency of the turbine will improve at low speed, high brake power and high discharge. The discharge is also depending on the available head and the quantity of water. So, the turbine efficiency is also improved with respect to increasing the discharge. At the increasing the specific speed the discharge will also be increased linearly. The Pico Kaplan turbine can be used for runways water likes in Canals, rivers and no dam is required. The basic design is very simple and it is very common because it has vast applications for small, pico and micro power generation. It can be used in lot of regions like Himachal, Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir, Eastern State (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Manipur), Punjab, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Rajasthan states of India. This study will be useful for the researcher in the area of small hydro power plants
High voltage DC-DC converter with standalone application
Get PDFDesigning DC-DC converters involves many voltage lift techniques. These techniques have been encouraged for their credible advantages. Most voltage lifting methods are applied in many areas of automotive, motor drives, telecom and electronic welfare in military applications. Voltage lifting techniques are known for their high voltage transfer gain and high efficiency. Ultra-lift converter yields very high output transfer gain with geometric progression compared to other voltage lift techniques such as super lift converters and classical boost converters. It also offers reduced size and improved efficiency when compared. In this proposed method ultra-lift converter operation is analyzed with continuous conduction mode
Evaluation of flexibility assessment indices upon flexible loading of thermal power plants with high penetration of renewables
Get PDFIn this paper, power system flexibility assessment indices evaluation has been carried out with high penetration of renewables in MATLAB environment, inspired from IRENA FlexTool. The parameters such as magnitude of energy mix, resources available, electricity tariffs and price affordability play a vital role in the proposed research. The developed program has been tested against IEEE 9 bus and IEEE 39 bus systems with and without time-series data and with and without high penetration of renewables. By closely matching the results for various test cases and time series evaluations for IEEE 9 and IEEE 39 bus systems, the developed program has been benchmarked with the IRENA FlexTool and the comparisons have been charted out
Ternary genetic algorithm for load dynamic balancing in low voltage three-phase 400 V networks
Get PDFIn three-phase low voltage networks, the random behavior of single-phase loads and also their placement in different parts of single-phase feeders, leads to load imbalance in these networks. Unbalanced load causes losses and voltage drop in three-phase feeders. In this paper, using a different proposed approach based on genetic algorithm, N loads are spread over the grid phases so that the minimum current difference between the phases is formed and the ground current approaches zero. The proposed method is compared with the random load distribution method and the results are analyzed. Among the most important results obtained, we can point out the difference in the calculation time of the two methods by reaching an optimal value, and the calculation speed of the proposed method is significantly better. The proposed method can be an effective tool for dividing the load on different phases of the network in order to prevent imbalance
Realtime hybrid offline-online power loss analysis-based Simulink simulation
Get PDFThe power distribution system applied in Indonesia is the radial system. The system is considered to be the simplest and most economical. The bad or good distribution of electrical power can be observed from the quality of the distribution of power supplied. Voltage has to be monitored and kept constant. An analysis was conducted at Bendul Merisi Feeder which has 11 buses, to find the value of supplied power also the value of voltage drop of each bus. The Simulink method is used to simulate and analyze active and reactive power at each cluster. Based on the result of the simulation analysis, the average was obtained by adding up electrical power received every hour, then dividing by 10, the number of buses connected to the load. The smallest average of active power supplied to each bus happened at 09.00 a.m., i.e. 112137.94 VA. The biggest value of active power supplied to each bus happened at 1.00 p.m., i.e. 115129.05 VA. The total voltage drop that occurred in the distribution supply was 224 volts or 1.12% out of 20 kV supplied, indicating that the supply of voltage was according to the standardized rule implemented by PLN (State Electricity Company), i.e. the voltage drop should not exceed the maximum of 10%
Sliding mode control technique of step down converter using reaching law
Get PDFThe robust reaching law based sliding mode control is used for chattering suppression, minimization of steady state error and reaching speed kept minimized. With fine tuning of parameters of robust reaching law, the sliding mode reaches the equilibrium point at the earliest. The stability of the proposed reaching law is analyzed. In one hand, they guarantee the system reach the sliding face rapidly and stay on it, in another way they decline the chattering effectively, even unmatched certainties and disturbances. Such that the system response can better realize the unification of rapidity. A proposed reaching law ia analyzed mathematically and applied to SMC DC-DC buck converter to lessen the chattering, because switching devices are existing in the model, it reduces effectively in the switching losses in the switching devices of the dc-dc converter. In turn effectiveness of the efficiency increases. MATLAB/Simulink results give significant decline of chattering and switching losses in the buck converter
Power factor improvement using silicon based switching devices for changing load parameters
Get PDFSystems power factor provides information on how effectively it uses the electrical power being provided to hold out real work. Losses rise as a results of poor power factor, and therefore the utility is penalized. In general, inductive loads, which are reactive in nature, make up AC loads. As a result, loads require and consume reactive power from the supply source which leads to excessive voltage drop in the line if they draw a lot of lagging current from the source, which could potentially result in the line's voltage collapsing if the drop is too high. When inductors cause a phase difference between voltage and current, the information is sent to the micro-controller, where the program takes control and activates the right number of opto-isolators interfaced to the triac silicon-based semiconductor device at its output to bring shunt capacitors into the load circuit to improve power factor to the desired range Semiconductors such as silicon or germanium are generally used for making triac. The most commonly used is silicon, due to its high abundance and the fact that it can operate at a higher temperature than germanium