International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Closed-loop control of BLDC motor using Hall effect sensors
Get PDFDue to its key advantages of top performance, strong torque, and simple volume, brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are now extensively employed in a variety of industrial sectors, including the automotive industry, robotics, and electrical vehicles. Yet, in some circumstances, it can be challenging to use speed control techniques for specific devices. The major goal of this work is to use a proportional integral derivative (PID) converter to regulate the speed characteristics of BLDC. PID converter is preferred over all other converters because of its straightforward design and straightforward implementation. Using MATLAB simulation results are verified at different reference speed changing conditions, the motor input current and back electromotive force (EMF) values are verified. The speed and torque characteristics are verified during steady and transient state conduction
Comparative analysis of THD for square-wave inverter at different conduction modes
Get PDFThis paper proposes conduction schemes for the most common six-switch voltage sources inverter. Also, a comparative study of the output THD for different conduction modes of switches for a three-phase square wave inverter is done, as the harmonic content of any electrical system is important to analyze its performance. The harmonic distortion of the load voltage and load current is taken as the main constraint to evaluate the performance of the three-phase inverter. So, control strategies for various loads are executed for different modulation schemes of inverter switches using MATLAB/Simulink software. Obtained results show that 150° conduction gives the least THD for output current, and 170° conduction gives the least THD for output voltage for three-phase inverters. Also, harmonic contents are reduced using a passive LC filter at the output of the inverter
Optimal capacitor allocation for minimizing cost of energy loss in active distribution network with different load levels
Get PDFThis paper proposes an effective technique to allocate a shunt capacitor using a meta-heuristic optimization-approach for minimizing the cost of energy losses. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm incorporated with MATPOWER is trained for minimizing the targeted function of the optical capacitor placement problem. The 115-node active distribution network supplied by MESC in the Mandalay distribution area is applied as a scenario. The results including active power loss and system energy loss, size and location of the optimized capacitor, voltage profiles, and the cost of energy loss are attained and analyzed. The simulations results revealed that the optimal allocation of the capacitor provides a significant reduction in the cost of energy losses as well as improvement in voltage profile with compensation of reactive power
Experimental analysis of DI-ZSI based DSTATCOM
Get PDFThis article presents the dual operation of distributed energy resources (DER) integrated impedance source inverter (DI-ZSI). The distribution grid, DER and variable nonlinear load are operating on two modes. In mode-1, power generated by the DER is zero or less then the load requirement and the inverter act as a voltage source inverter (VSI) for shunt compensation only. But, in mode-2, power generated by the DER greater than the load requirement and operates as a DI-ZSI based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). In this scenario, it not only acts as a shunt compensator but also inject active power to the distribution grid. An accurately tuned proportional integral with adaptive least mean square (ALMS) controller is used to generate the switching signals of inverter switches. The DI-ZSI performs stable operation in the distribution grid over a variable non-linear loading. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) SPARTAN-6 controller is used to develop the proposed system. Experimental results from DI-ZSI and VSI under variable loading highlighted the superiority of the DI-ZSI as per guidelines imposed by IEEE-2030-7-2017
Effective metal shields of high voltage distribution cable lines
Get PDFThe presented methodology enables determining induced currents and voltages relevant to the correct estimation of security conditions required in operating and maintenance of the metal installations surrounding high-voltage distribution cable lines. It is based on the on-site measurements of currents appearing in two phase conductors of the considered cable line during a simulated ground fault in the supplied substation. Their values are utilized to compensate for the deficiency of all relevant but unknown data concerning the surrounding metal installations. It was done by introducing an equivalent cable shield substituting, from the standpoint of inductive influence, all surrounding metal installations. Here is shown that this equivalent shield can be determined in such a way that it becomes identical from the standpoint of its appearance to the actual cable line shield but with a changed value of its longitudinal resistance. When this value is determined for single-core cables belonging to a certain cable line it becomes possible to determine the actual reduction factor, inductive influence, and sequence impedance of the considered cable line by using a standard and well-known calculation procedure
An ensemble based data mining model for contingency analysis of power system under STLO
Get PDFIn a large, interconnected power system, contingency analysis is a useful tool for pinpointing the potential consequences of post-event scenarios on the system's safety. In this work, the Newton-Raphson technique is applied to every single outage of a transmission line to compute the load flows. For the static security classification of the power system, the line voltage stability performance index (LVSI) is used. There are three levels of static security of power system namely: non-critical (the least severe), semi-critically insecure (the next lowest severe), and critical (the next highest severe). The various data mining techniques such as decision trees, bagging-based ensemble methods, and boosting-based ensemble methods were applied to assess the severity of the line under various loading and contingency conditions. Test systems based on the IEEE 30 bus system were used with the proposed machine learning classifiers. The experimental results proved that bagging based ensemble method provided better accuracy compared to the decision tree and the AdaBoost ensemble method for predicting the power system security assessment. The bagging-based ensemble method has a predictive accuracy of 85% and an AUC of 0.94
Quality analysis of the defect location information in transmission line outages caused by fires
Get PDFThis paper analyzed the quality of the information regarding power outages caused by fires in the Brazilian transmission system in the years 2018 and 2019. Six transmission line trunks with asymmetrical performance regarding fire-related outages in the period were selected. The selected trunks correspond to twelve 500 kV transmission lines with a total length of 3,998 km. Outage, geospatial transmission line data and fire outbreak information was compared for twelve transmission lines of interest, all located in regions with a high incidence of fires. The results suggest that the data provided by the transmission line fault locating equipment is not accurate when compared to the fire outbreak data provided by satellites
Reliable and efficient operation of distribution network by connecting solar distributed generation
Get PDFOne of the major issues in the distribution network (DN) is ensuring that power systems operate optimally in light of the effects of distributed generation (DG). In a broader sense, optimal operation in a power system refers to the most efficient use of all active and reactive power generation and control equipment that adheres to physical and technical constraints. Most studies focused on DG size and location in the DN, using various optimization techniques for loss reduction. But in a practical distribution network, reliable operation is dependent on the demand and power supply at any given moment. Solar DGs provide variable power throughout the day, and loads are similarly variable. It is difficult for the DN to function efficiently and reliably while handling variable loads and DG power supplies. Voltages and power losses are measured as loads change by connecting solar DGs to assess the performance of the DN
Power quality enhancement by using Z-DVR based series voltage compensation with black widow optimization technique
Get PDFIn distribution system, voltage quality issues are the most concerning disturbances influencing the power quality (PQ). As a result, to alleviate this PQ concerns such as sag, swell, fluctuation, interruption, and harmonics on the sensitive load, the series voltage compensator dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is utilized. Furthermore, a Z-source inverter (ZSI) based DVR is proposed in this paper to improve the power system's voltage restoration properties. To compensate the voltage concerns which is occurs in passive and transmission components, the 3-φ Z-DVR inverter with proportional integral derivative (PID) controller tuned by black widow optimization (BWO). By short circuiting the legs of inverter in the ZSI, prepare the possibility of buck and boost in voltage and utilize the LC impedance grid which incorporated power source to inverter circuit. In addition, to obtain the injecting voltage, PID control scheme for ZSI based DVR is proposed in this paper. The proposed modelling and simulation of DVR is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink tool and the outcomes are analyzed. Furthermore, reduction in voltage concerns, and total harmonics distribution (THD) with BWO tuned PID controller is superior which is 1.01% when compared with existing methods such as Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) based PID, genetic algorithm (GA) based PID controller
Evaluation of brushless DC motor structure design for the electric impact using 3-D finite element analysis
Get PDFIn this article, an analytical model is deployed to optimize and design an interior permanent magnet brushless DC motor (IPMBLDC motor) when compared to theoretical structure of IPMBLDC. In this motor, assume air-gap of magnet assembly, distribution of flux density coefficient, selection of functional point in the permanent magnet, Torque density, and permanent magnet dimension compares with air-gap were deployed in an ideal design model. An equivalent circuit of magnetic field was improved and compare with the total flux density distribution and the torque density efficiency is based on initial ideal design factors. In finite element of MAXWELL 3D method, an electromagnetic field is investigated and used to verify an advanced equivalent circuit of magnetic field and improve the IPMBLDC motor factors. Finally, simulation results of IPMBLDC motor are verify and compare with ideal factors of IPMBLDC motor