International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Speed control of PM brushless DC motor using sensorless hybrid controller
Get PDFIn most industrial processes, rising productivity necessitates increased demand on electrical motors in order to minimize costs and improve drive system efficiency. The sensorless technique is preferred. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors compete with a wide range of different motor types in the motion control industry. The nonlinearity of BLDC motor characteristics is challenging to manage with a traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller's fuzzy logic allowed it to tune itself while operating online. Hybrid approaches outperform stand-alone algorithms because they can overcome their weaknesses without losing their advantage. The purpose of this study is to present a fuzzy PI+D controller that is simulated over a wide range of reference speeds, loads, and parameter variations. This paper presents a model of a sensorless BLDC motor with a speed controller. The responses of the rotor speed, electromagnetic torque, stator back electromotive force (EMF), and stator currents are effectively monitored. The findings from the simulation indicate that the hybrid controller presented in this study exhibits resilience to rapid load torque and parameter fluctuation. Furthermore, it demonstrates superior dynamic performance and exhibits notable enhancements in speed tracking and system stability. The performance of the system is enhanced through the utilization of the proposed hybrid intelligent controller
Load shedding in islanded microgrid using fuzzy linear programming
Get PDFThe primary goal of any power microgrid is to provide consumers with reliable power. This becomes a challenge with the continued growth of population which necessitates a corresponding rise in power supply. However, this continued rise in power consumption with a limited power supply can result in voltage collapse and ultimately power outage. In times of severe disturbances in an islanded microgrid (IMG), load-shedding (LS) helps to avert the occurrence of a blackout. The IMG is usually supplied by distributed generations (DGs) which have low inertia or inertia less. Thus, when in islanded mode power imbalance is usually solved by performing optimal LS to prevent the system from plunging into a total blackout. This paper presents a hybrid method which is a combination of fuzzy and linear programming algorithm for optimal LS in IMG. The developed method is centered on power generation, load demand and power prioritization. The fuzzy linear programming (FLP) algorithm is tested on the IEEE 14 bus system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective in shedding optimal loads to ensure equilibrium is restored and frequency is within set values of 50 Hz
Weighted sum method based multi-objective optimal power flow considering various objectives: an application of whale optimization algorithm
Get PDFNowadays, multi-objective optimization plays a vital role in solving optimal power flow problems. Multi-objective optimal power flow (MOOPF) is a nonlinear optimization problem aimed at optimizing control variables while balancing multiple objective functions and satisfying both equality and inequality constraints and addresses this by integrating two more objectives into a single objective using a weighting factor. In this paper this weighted sum type multi-objective technique has been used to formulate the objective function. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been used to reduce the cost, emission, losses, and voltage stability by considering various multi objectives like fuel cost along with emission, fuel cost with losses, fuel cost with voltage stability, fuel cost with voltage deviation and finally fuel cost with emission, losses, voltage deviation. In this paper, the IEEE 30 bus structure has been used to analyze the effect of WOA on the improvement of system performance. Obtained results with WOA have been compared with other optimization techniques like ensemble constraint handling technique with differential evolution (ECHT-DE), the superiority of feasible differential evolution (SF-DE), moth swarm algorithm (MSA), and moth-flame optimization (MFO), available in the literature
Low cost pulsed electric field generator using DC-DC boost converter and capacitor diode voltage multiplier
Get PDFTraditional high-voltage pulse generators, like Marx generators often face challenges related to efficiency and complexity. In this paper, a solid-state multi-module high-voltage pulse generator that integrates capacitor-diode voltage multipliers (CDVM) with DC-DC boost converters and closed-loop voltage control is proposed to overcome these challenges. The system achieves high output voltage by coupling the pulsed output voltages of individual low-voltage DC sources in series across each module. The proposed design was modeled using MATLAB, and experimental testing was conducted on a single stage. Comparative analyses between timedomain parameters, proportional-integral (PI), and fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controllers were performed. Both MATLAB simulations and experimental validations demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The rise time, peak time, settling time, and steady-state error are all improved using an FOPID controller, decreasing from 0.32 to 0.31 seconds, 0.42 to 0.35 seconds, and 3.15 to 2.20 seconds, respectively. These findings indicate that a closed-loop FOPID controller enhances time-domain performance parameters more effectively than a PI controller for a two-stage DC-DC voltage multiplier
Speed control analysis of voltage source inverter fed brushless DC motor
Get PDFThe brushless DC (BLDC) motor requires to be controlled at the preferred speed in order to operate. A brushless DC motor's speed can be adjusted by adjusting the input voltage. In general, speed increases with voltage. The application of a Luo converter is made to satisfy the load demand, get rid of output voltage ripples, and reduce parasitic effects. The magnitude of stator input voltage to BLDC motor is controlled through the pulses applied by ATMEGA 328P micro controller to voltage source Inverter which in turn controls the magnitude of speed of BLDC motor. The position of the brushless DC (BLDC) motor is continually monitored by infrared sensors, which are then processed by a PIC16F872 microcontroller to produce the necessary pulses for BLDC motor speed regulation. The BLDC motor speed can be regulated by the pulses applied to voltage source inverter through the IR sensors placed at the motor. The outcomes of controlling the speed of a BLDC motor using voltage variation values have been shown
Minimization of the circuit components with modified cascaded multilevel inverter topology
Get PDFThis article examines a modified multilevel inverter circuit that uses basic units connected in cascade. The suggested circuit can be used with an inverter that is symmetrical or asymmetric. The magnitude of the DC voltage source is determined using a variety of methods in order to generate a large number of voltage levels. For both symmetrical and asymmetrical configurations, the magnitude of two DC sources in basic units can be used. The DC voltage source's magnitude is the same for each unit in the symmetrical configuration. However, in an asymmetrical configuration, the value of the DC source for the fundamental units is inequitable, and their magnitudes are obtained using various techniques. Comparison study demonstrates that the suggested circuit requires minimum components, reduces power loss, and boosts inverter efficiency. Additionally, in comparison to modern topologies, the standing voltage across the switches is acceptable. To verify the effectiveness of the investigated topology, simulation results for 15, 17, 23, and 31-level inverters are analysed
Lead-acid battery desulfation using a high-frequency pulse desulfator in standalone PV systems
Get PDFThe work presented in this article contributes to the study of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system with battery storage by creating an electronic board that allows for the recovery of the battery's capacity using pulse technology that uses high-energy pulses from the PV panel to break down and remove the sulfation buildup, which is a contributing factor in the failure of most lead-acid batteries. Different methods or treatments can be used to lessen the impact of sulfation or even get rid of it and achieve battery rejuvenation. Battery sulfation is a process in which sulfate crystals form on the plates of a lead-acid battery, impeding its ability to retain a charge, and decreasing the battery’s overall effectiveness. This process can happen due to various reasons, such as charging for a shorter time than required, charging for a longer period of time than required, or even not charging it for quite some time. Sulfation affects a battery’s lifespan and comes with adverse effects on its performance, though it can be prevented
Single-phase distributed generations for power balanced using adaptive real coded genetic algorithm
Get PDFEasy access to distributed generation (DG) technology is promoting the utilization of single-phase DGs for residential purposes. Surplus energy generated by household DGs can be shared or sold to other communities through existing networks. However, the interconnection of single-phase DGs from residential generators to the distribution network requires careful handling to secure the reliability and quality of the electric power system. This paper focuses on the optimal placement of single-phase multi-type DGs on unbalanced distribution systems that are connected to nonlinear loads. The objective of this study is to minimize the power losses and voltage unbalances in the distribution networks. To verify the efficacy of this method in reducing voltage unbalances and harmonics, an optimization approach is also presented using three-phase DG. Optimal placement of DG is performed on a modified Kaliasin distribution system using an adaptive real coded genetic algorithm (ARC-GA). Simulation results demonstrate that the installation of single-phase DGs is highly effective in reducing power losses and voltage unbalances in the distribution networks
Solar cell based power-bank prototype as a media to increase students' scientific literacy
Get PDFThis research aims to i) implement the solar cell based power-bank prototype for learning media; ii) describe the feasibility of the solar cell-based power-bank prototype for learning; and iii) describe students' scientific literacy. This research method uses the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) research and development model. The subjects of this research are class IX students and science teachers at SMPN 4 Central Bengkulu. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, tests, and interviews. The data analysis technique uses N-gain analysis, percentages, and the Aiken's V formula. The research results show that the media developed is valid with an Aiken index value of 0.98 > the minimum standard Aiken' V of 0.92 and can increase students' scientific literacy based on an N-gain of 0.92. 0.71, this can be seen in the dimensions of context and content based on N-gain of 0.73 and 0.69, while the dimensions of attitude, curiosity, respect, and willingness, reflect the respective percentages of 79.62%, 78.86%, 78.89%, 75.60%. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the sig value is obtained. (2 tailed) 0.000 < 0.05 which means Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, which means the solar cell-based renewable energy media used in science learning influences the increase in students' scientific literacy
A wireless-power and data-transfer using inductive RF link and ASK modulation
Get PDFThis paper aims to present a novel trans-cutanaeous, wireless and an efficient radio frequency (RF) inductive power and data link (IPDL) based on amplitude shift key (ASK) - modulator with an efficient ‘Class-E’– RF ‘power amplifier’ that is applicable to implantable medical devices (IMDs). The IPDL system comprises an external device placed on exterior to human skin to transmitting power and data to IMDs like implantable micro-systems (cardiac pacemakers, cochlear implants, retinal implants, deep brain stimulators) to excite and monitor respective neural and muscular system. The entire system is designed to operate with a ‘low-band-frequency’ of 4 MHz by avoiding the problem of tissue heating. A practical model for the IPDL with results is presented. Various graphs such as frequency vs primary coil/secondary coil output are plotted and shown. Typical specifications of the exterior device, namely, the modulation-index (MI) and the modulation-rate (MR) are 40% and 4.3% respectively with a data rate of 172 Kbps. The design is simulated with electronic workbench MULTISIM 12.0 and TINA Ver 9