International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
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Comparative analysis of two static var compensator models in voltage control of transmission network
Get PDFThe static var compensator (SVC) is a member of the family of flexible alternating current transmission systems controllers used in power system engineering to manage specific transmission network characteristics to enhance the performance of the transmission networks and thus increase the networks’ reliability. Power system engineers typically find it difficult to choose which SVC model to implement for simulations. This research aims to address this issue by conducting a comparative examination of two key SVC models on a transmission network. The two models of SVC variable shunt susceptance and firing angle were mathematically modeled and methodically included into the Newton-Raphson power flow algorithm for the network power flow solution. The IEEE 30-bus network was adopted as the test case, and the method was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The network performance metric utilized was the voltage profile of the network. The two SVC models were successful in enhancing the network's performance; however, the variable shunt susceptance model was computationally faster than the firing angle model, as revealed by the simulation results. Therefore, among the two SVC models, the variable shunt susceptance model may be taken into account for simulation to enhance the performance of the transmission networks
Comparative analysis of single-axis solar tracker performance with and without reflector under various weather conditions
Get PDFThis research explores a sun tracking system for solar panels that affects the power output of the panels. To address this, a unidirectional sun tracking system is implemented to ensure the solar panels are perpendicular to the sun, thus optimizing solar radiation. Additionally, reflectors are integrated to capture more sunlight. This research aims to design the system of unidirectional sun tracking to enhance the power output generated by solar panels and compare its performance with stationary (static) solar panels. The results demonstrate that the system of sun tracking improves the power output of solar panels. However, when reflectors are used in conjunction with the sun tracking system, no significant increase in power output is observed. Moreover, solar panels equipped with the unidirectional sun tracking system exhibit a power increase of 52.06 Watts compared to stationary solar panels. This research indicates that employing a unidirectional sun tracking system with the addition of reflectors does not enhance power output but instead reduces it due to the increased temperature effect caused by the sunlight reflection from the added reflectors
Techno-economic assessment and wind energy potential of Nagad in Djibouti
Get PDFThe use of small scaled horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines in urban installation is increasing over the world. However, in Djibouti, the latter is still in the development phase. The paper presents a techno-economical analysis and wind energy potential for the period of five years (2015-2019) in Nagad based on actual measured wind speed data collected every 10 min at 10 m height. The energy pattern factor method has been used to estimate the Weibull parameters. With this method, the mathematical complexity is reduced with a minimization of the error at any heights and locations when calculating the wind power density. At 50 m height, the shape parameter showed a small variation for different periods. The scale parameter values of 7.78 m/s and 4.8 m/s were obtained in the hot and cold seasons, respectively. The results showed that the Nagad site is suitable for wind power development. According to the economic viability, RX30, Vestas V20, Enercon, Nordex N27, and Vestas V44 wind turbines are recommended for the Nagad site due to their low energy price ranging from 0.05/kWh. This is 2-6 times cheaper than the average local tariff of electricity in Djibouti
Comprehensive review and analysis of photovoltaic energy conversion topologies
Get PDFEnergy conversion is a pivotal process with widespread applications, spanning renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and industrial power grids. Selecting the right energy conversion topology is critical for optimizing system performance, efficiency, and reliability. This comprehensive review paper provides a thorough overview of energy conversion topologies used in photovoltaic (PV) panel systems, as well as their applicability in diverse domains. Furthermore, the paper conducts a detailed analysis of commonly employed energy conversion topologies. Each topology is meticulously examined based on its operating principles, advantages, drawbacks, and typical use cases. This comprehensive review serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and practitioners engaged in the dynamic field of energy conversion, offering insights into both wind energy and photovoltaic panel systems
Fractional order sliding mode control for power quality improvement in the distribution system
Get PDFThis paper presents fractional order sliding mode control (FOSMC) based distribution system compensator (DSTATCOM) for power quality improvement in the distribution system. The three-phase two-level inverter-based voltage source converter (VSI) with DC-link capacitor is used as DSTACOM. In this paper, the FOSMC-based DSTATCOM improves supply current harmonics, load balancing, and reactive power and reduces THD. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is generating gating pulses for VSI. The performance of the presented system is verified in MATLAB/Simulink software. The simulations are verified source voltage, current and load current as well as compensating current. The FOSMC has maintained a constant supply current when connecting non-linear load. The hardware results are also presented in the manuscript. The hardware results are supply current, voltage, compensating current, and load current
Voltage stability of a photovoltaic DC microgrid using fuzzy logic controller
Get PDFThis article employs a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to investigate voltage stability in a PV-based DC microgrid. Several photovoltaic (PV) modules, a DC-DC converter, and loads make up the microgrid. Due to the widespread use of intermittent PV power, voltage stability is a crucial problem for DC microgrids and is difficult to accomplish. This study proposes an FLC-based voltage control technique that leverages input factors including PV output power, DC-DC converter duty cycle, and load current to identify the best course of action for preserving the system's voltage stability. The FLC's performance is assessed by simulation, and it is meant to be resilient to parameter fluctuations and uncertainties. The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested FLC-based control strategy successfully maintains the microgrid's voltage stability under a variety of operational circumstances, including changing solar irradiance and load variations. Moreover, the FLC performs better than other control methods
Power losses analysis for reduced switch 9-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter
Get PDFThis study provides a thorough examination of power losses and total harmonic distortion (THD) in single-phase 9-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters (CHB MLI) at low switching frequencies. The aim is to analyze the efficiency of a single-phase 9-level cascaded CHB MLI using three distinct switch configurations: 16-switch, 11-switch, and proposed 8-switch. The calculated switching angles are optimized using the feed-forward methodology. Two types of load conditions—R load and R-L load—are being examined. The results suggest that the proposed 8-switch design exhibits superior efficiency by limiting power losses compared to other topologies. Regarding THD, the conventional topology yields a somewhat lower value, however, the disparity is less than 1% when compared to both reduced switch topologies
Charge sharing scheme for electric vehicles based on battery monitoring
Get PDFThe demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is rising due to the environmental impact of zero emission, high efficiency, and a deterioration in the levels of conventional fuels. Initial expense, the range, the time for charging and the availability of charging stations narrows their popularity. Alternately, smart approaches like vehicle-to-home (V2H), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) charging schemes can modify this situation and shape the grid-side load curves. Vehicles in need can utilize V2V, where the transfer of charge between electric vehicles ensures the transit up to the nearby charging stations. There are wired and wireless modes in V2V topology. When equipped with the required switchgear, wireless power transfer (WPT) between electric vehicles offers great possibilities in charge sharing. A wireless charging system gives EV owner’s freedom of easy charging without waiting in a queue. This paper compares the performance and utilities of wired scheme and wireless scheme for power transfer between vehicles. Both the strategies check the state of charge (SoC) of the batteries and facilitate the power transfer. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results validate the proposed schemes
Real-time monitoring and data acquisition using LoRa for a remote solar powered oil well
Get PDFReal-time monitoring is essential for solar-powered systems as they can be affected by sudden environmental changes, which may occur unpredictably, especially in isolated regions. This study proposes a wireless communication-based approach that allows for data acquisition and system monitoring of the entire solar system of a remote oil well. The proposed instrumentation method offers an affordable solution for monitoring the battery voltage, photovoltaic (PV) current, the converter's alternating current (AC), and oil well management. A wireless communication tool for a long-range called LoRa is used, with the TTGO LoRa32 SX1276 organic light-emitting diode (OLED) as the sender node and Heltec long range (LoRa) ESP 32 as the transmitter node. These I.C.s are ESP32 development boards with an integrated LoRa chip and an SSD1306 flash memory. System design and some test results are included in the paper
PM flux-reversal machine for wind energy application
Get PDFCurrently, attempts are being made to harness wind energy by means of non-conventional electrical machines such as flux reversal machines (FRM). The main advantage of the FRM, when compared with existing synchronous generators (SG), is that all the active parts like PMs and armature windings are mounted on the stator part, whereas leaving the rotor has simple and robust. In this study, the three-phase 6/8-pole flux reversal generators (FRGs) are selected, sized, designed, and analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). The working principle, choice of stator and rotor poles, and machine design dimensions evaluation (analytical sizing procedure), as well as relevant performance details are discussed in this paper. This study is used to analyze, a popular 6/8 pole, 0.8 kW, 50 Hz, and examine the suitability for the wind energy applications in terms of torque and power density, torque ripple, power factor, and cogging torque under 2D finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis provides an update on the current state-of-the-art and as well as future thrust areas of research necessary to bridge the gap on what is still desired for the practical application of FRMs for wind energy