IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
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Deep neural networks and conventional machine learning classifiers to analyze thoracic survival data
Get PDFLung cancer is a prevalent global health concern and most prevalent malignancy in Indonesian hospitals. Following thoracic surgery, patients were categorized into two classes: individuals who experienced mortality within a year and those who achieved survival. Despite being about socks, the dataset for the deceased category consisted of 70 data samples, while the dataset for the final group comprised 400 samples. Data calculation involves the utilization of both deep neural networks and standard machine learning algorithms. The study use the Python programming language to evaluate the algorithms, and it measures their performance using metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score, precision, recall, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and area under curve (AUC). The test results indicate that the deep neural network method achieves an accuracy of 95,56%, an F1 score of 79,24%, a precision of 91,96%, a recall of 85,52%, and an AUC of 85,52%. This study suggests that utilizing deep neural network data mining techniques, specifically with a cross-validation fold of 10, variations of six hidden layer encoder-decoder, relu, sigmoid activation function, optimizer Adam, and learning rate of 0,01, dropout rate of 0,2. Employing the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique data preprocessing method, can effectively analyze thoracic patient survival data sets
Optimization of opinion mining classification techniques using dragonfly algorithm
Get PDFWith the rapid evolution and growth of the internet, many individuals are using websites, blogs, and social media, and sharing their opinions about any product or service on online social platforms. Opinion mining (OM) is a field of analyzing opinions or reviews given by the public about services or products on online resources into positive, negative, or neutral classes. Governments, businesses, and researchers are using OM to analyze the reviews or opinions of the public. Thus, OM is helping individuals and businesses in better decision making. This paper mainly focuses on the feature extraction, performance analysis of OM classifiers and optimization using swarm intelligence (SI). Our proposed work: i) evaluates the performance of OM classification techniques after data collection, pre-processing, and feature extraction, ii) applies the dragonfly algorithm (DA) for optimization, and iii) evaluates the performance of OM classification techniques after applying DA and compares it with the observed performance of OM classifiers before optimization. The experimental results show that OM classification techniques perform better after optimization using DA in terms of precision, recall, f-score, and accuracy
Transfer learning for epilepsy detection using spectrogram images
Get PDFEpilepsy stands out as one of the common neurological diseases. The neural activity of the brain is observed using electroencephalography (EEG). Manual inspection of EEG brain signals is a slow and arduous process, which puts heavy load on neurologists and affects their performance. The aim of this study is to find the best result of classification using the transfer learning model that automatically identify the epileptic and the normal activity, to classify EEG signals by using images of spectrogram which represents the percentage of energy for each coefficient of the continuous wavelet. Dataset includes the EEG signals recorded at monitoring unit of epilepsy used in this study to presents an application of transfer learning by comparing three models Alexnet, visual geometry group (VGG19) and residual neural network ResNet using different combinations with seven different classifiers. This study tested the models and reached a different value of accuracy and other metrics used to judge their performances, and as a result the best combination has been achieved with ResNet combined with support vector machine (SVM) classifier that classified EEG signals with a high success rate using multiple performance metrics such as 97.22% accuracy and 2.78% the value of the error rate
Optimisation of semantic segmentation algorithm for autonomous driving using U-NET architecture
Get PDFIn autonomous driving systems, the semantic segmentation task involves scene partition into numerous expressive portions by classifying and labelling every image pixel for semantics. The algorithm used for semantic segmentation has a vital role in autonomous driving architecture. This paper's main contribution is optimising the semantic segmentation algorithm for autonomous driving by modifying the U-NET architecture. The optimisation techniques involve five different methods, which include; no batch normalisation network, with batch normalisation network, network with reduction in filters, average ensemble network, and weighted average ensemble network. The validation accuracy observed for the five methods were 90.28%, 91.68%, 89.80%, 92.04%, and 92.21% respectively. By reducing the filters in the network, the computation time reduces (Epoch time: 1 s 64 ms/step) as opposed to the typical (Epoch time: 4 s 260 ms/step), but the accuracy reduces. The optimisation techniques were evaluated for metrics like mean intersection over union (IoU), IoU for class, dice-metric, dice_coefficient_loss, validation loss, and accuracy. The dataset of 300 images used for this paper's study was generated using the open-source car learning to act (CARLA) simulator platform
Attendance management system using face recognition
Get PDFTraditional attendance systems consist of registers marked by teachers, leading to human error and a lot of maintenance. Time consumption is a key point in this system. We wanted to revolutionize the digital tools available in today's time i.e., facial recognition. This project has revolutionized to overcome the problems of the traditional system. Face recognition and marking the present is our project. A database of all students in the class is kept in single folder, and attendance is marked if each student's face matches with one of the stored faces. Otherwise, the face is ignored and not marked for attendance. In our project, face detection (machine learning) is used
Machine learning algorithms for breast cancer analysis: performance and accuracy comparison
Get PDFBreast cancer, a leading cause of cancer mortality among women, necessitates early detection to improve survival rates. Traditional diagnostics face accuracy and speed limitations, prompting this study to explore machine learning for enhanced diagnostics. We applied bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), long short-term memory (LSTM), naive Bayes, support vector machine (SVM), and random forest to the Breast Cancer Wisconsin dataset, implementing a thorough methodology involving data preprocessing, feature extraction, and model validation. BERT led in accuracy at 92.5%, showcasing advanced algorithms' potential in medical diagnostics, with random forest 90.6%, SVM 89.3%, LSTM 88.7%, and naive Bayes 85.2%; also showing promising results. The study underscores the importance of incorporating machine learning, especially BERT, into clinical decision-making, potentially revolutionizing breast cancer diagnostics by improving accuracy and efficiency. We recommend healthcare practitioners integrate these algorithms into their diagnostic processes. Future research should reeefine these algorithms and extend their application to enhance patient care further
Improving baseline reduction for emotion recognition based on electroencephalogram signals
Get PDFThe baseline reduction method has been widely used to define electroencephalogram (EEG) signal patterns. However, because the baseline signal in this approach contains artifacts, the baseline reduction approach cannot perform optimally. As a result, decreasing artifacts in the baseline signal is critical. The mean, Gaussian, and Savitzky-Golay filters will be compared in this study to minimize artifacts in the baseline signal. Three secondary datasets are utilized to evaluate these approaches' capacity to remove artifacts. These three strategies are also tested with the convolution neural network classification algorithms. When applied to the dataset for emotion analysis using physiological signals (DEAP) and a dataset for multimodal research of affect, personality traits, and mood on individuals and groups (AMIGOS) datasets, the mean filter can increase baseline reduction performance based on twenty-four test scenarios. On the data readiness for machine learning research (DREAMER) dataset, however, the Gaussian filter is preferable. The relative difference approach was employed in this study's baseline reduction process to generate EEG signal patterns that are easy to recognize throughout the classification phase, which impacts increasing accuracy
Early stroke disease prediction with facial features using convolutional neural network model
Get PDFPast researcher has proposed computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan images as the most efficient ways to diagnose stroke disease. These methods are not only hectic and take much time but are also costly. This paper proposes a new approach to diagnosing this disease and gives a time and cost-efficient solution. We have offered a two-step solution to diagnose stroke disease in a patient using only the patient’s facial image. In the first step, we gathered a dataset of several stroke patients and normal persons. Then we applied several pre-processing operations, including red, green and blue (RGB) to grayscale conversion, scaling/ resizing, and normalization on dataset images before training them. In the second step, we trained the cropped images of their face regions and trained them using a convolutional neural network (CNN). We have successfully achieved an efficiency of 98%. The accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure of the results were measured at 98%, 97%, 99%, and 98% respectively
Seeding precision: a mask region based convolutional neural networks classification approach for the classification of paddy seeds
Get PDFThe generation of sufficient training data that is accurately labelled for a deep neural network involves a significant amount of effort and frequently constitutes a bottleneck in the implementation process. For the purpose of this research, we are training a neural network model to perform instance segmentation and classification of crop seeds for various rice cultivars. Synthetically constructed dataset is used here. The concept of domain randomization, which offers a productive alternative to the laborious process of data annotation, serves as the basis for our methodology. We make use of the domain randomization technique in order to produce synthetic data, and the mask region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) architecture is utilized in order to train our neural network models. A cultivar name is used to designate the seeds, and they are differentiated from one another using colors that are comparable to those used in the actual dataset of paddy cultivars. Our mission focuses on the identification and categorization of rice paddy varieties within automatically generated photographs. Farmers are able to accurately sort crop seeds from a variety of rice cultivars with the use of this approach, which is particularly useful for phenotyping and optimizing yields in laboratory settings
Design of novel convolution neural network model for lung cancer detection by using sensitivity maps
Get PDFDespite the existence of numerous models for detecting lung cancer, there is still room for achieving higher levels of accuracy. In this paper, a maximum sensitivity neural network (MSNN) has been proposed. As the name suggests, the model aims to achieve high sensitivity and offers a viable remedy to minimize the number of false positive in oder to improve the overall accuracy for lung cancer detection. The MSNN model is a promising model since it can efficiently interpret grayscale lung computed tomography (CT) scan images as inputs and can be trained using just a few images also. This model has surpassed previous deep learning models by obtaining a remarkable sensitivity of 94.6% and an accuracy of 96.9%. A sensitivity map is created, offering important insights into the critical regions for finding malignant nodules. This innovative method has shown outstanding performance in identifying lung cancer with a low false positive rate which can increase the accuracy of medical diagnoses