IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
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Enhancing interpretability in random forest: Leveraging inTrees for association rule extraction insights
Get PDFThe random forest model is a powerful supervised learner, recognized for its ability to learn the pattern within data with superior predictive accuracy. However, it is a black box model because it lacks interpretability. This study addressed the interpretable challenge by employing the inTree framework. The rules were extracted from each decision tree in a random forest model, and the association rules were determined through measured matrix support and confidence to reveal the frequent variable interactions for predicting unemployment. This approach provided insight into the relationships between specific variables and unemployment outcomes. The developed method used data set from the integrated labor force survey (ILFS) 2020/2021 in Zanzibar. Zanzibar’s unemployment rate consistently increased across surveys conducted in 2006, 2014, and 2020/2021. Results have shown that the rules that most predict unemployment for individuals are female and lack of health insurance and secondary education level, female and youth age group and lack of health insurance and secondary education level with a high confidence level. This study provides practical insights for Zanzibar’s government to develop effective interventions, programs, and policies. Improving the interpretability of the random forest model enhances decision-making to address unemployment challenges
The effect of features combination on coloscopy images of cervical cancer using the support vector machine method
Get PDFCervical cancer is cancer that grows in cells in the cervix. This cancer generally develops slowly and only shows symptoms when it has entered an advanced stage. Therefore, it is crucial to detect cervical cancer early before serious complications arise. One way to detect cervical cancer early is to use colposcopy, which is to look closely at the condition of the cervix to find changes in cells in the cervix that have the potential to become cancer. However, this method requires the expertise of an obstetrician. This research proposes the use of image processing techniques to create automatic early detection of cervical cancer based on coloscopy images. In this paper, we will discuss image selection using an approach in the form of comparing the weights of feature vectors and then using a data distribution threshold, features that are not too influential can be eliminated. Image classification uses the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method, which makes it possible to distinguish normal images from abnormal images. Classification with feature selection and merging results can improve the consistency of SVM model performance evenly across all four SVM kernels
K-centroid convergence clustering identification in one-label per type for disease prediction
Get PDFDisease prediction is a high demand field which requires significant support from machine learning (ML) to enhance the result efficiency. The research works on application of K-means clustering supervised classification in disease prediction where each class only has one labeled data. The K-centroid convergence clustering identification (KC3I) system is based on semi-K-means clustering but only requires single labeled data per class for the training process with the training dataset to update the centroid. The KC3I model also includes a dictionary box to index all the input centroids before and after the updating process. Each centroid matches with a corresponding label inside this box. After the training process, each time the input features arrive, the trained centroid will put them to its cluster depending on the Euclidean distance, then convert them into the specific class name, which is coherent to that centroid index. Two validation stages were carried out and accomplished the expectation in terms of precision, recall, F1-score, and absolute accuracy. The last part demonstrates the possibility of feature reduction by selecting the most crucial feature with the extra tree classifier method. Total data are fed into the KC3I system with the most important features and remain the same accuracy
Advancing machine learning for identifying cardiovascular disease via granular computing
Get PDFMachine learning in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has broad applications in healthcare, automatically identifying hidden patterns in vast data without human intervention. Early-stage cardiovascular illness can benefit from machine learning models in drug selection. The integration of granular computing, specifically z-numbers, with machine learning algorithms, is suggested for CVD identification. Granular computing enables handling unpredictable and imprecise situations, akin to human cognitive abilities. Machine learning algorithms such as Naïve Bayes, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, and gradient boosting are commonly used in constructing these models. Experimental findings indicate that incorporating granular computing into machine learning models enhances the ability to represent uncertainty and improves accuracy in CVD detection
A deep learning-based approach for early detection of disease in sugarcane plants: an explainable artificial intelligence model
Get PDFIn many regions of the nation, agriculture serves as the primary industry. The farming environment now faces a number of challenges to farmers. One of the major concerns, and the focus of this research, is disease prediction. A methodology is suggested to automate a process for identifying disease in plant growth and warning farmers in advance so they can take appropriate action. Disease in crop plants has an impact on agricultural production. In this work, a novel DenseNet-support vector machine: explainable artificial intelligence (DNet-SVM: XAI) interpretation that combines a DenseNet with support vector machine (SVM) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME) interpretation has been proposed. DNet-SVM: XAI was created by a series of modifications to DenseNet201, including the addition of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Prior to using SVM to identify if an image is healthy or un-healthy, images are first feature extracted using a convolution network called DenseNet. In addition to offering a likely explanation for the prediction, the reasoning is carried out utilizing the visual cue produced by the LIME. In light of this, the proposed approach, when paired with its determined interpretability and precision, may successfully assist farmers in the detection of infected plants and recommendation of pesticide for the identified disease
Intra-class deep learning object detection on embedded computer system
Get PDFImplementation of artificial intelligence tends to be portable, mobile and embeds in embedded computer system (EBD). EBD is a special-purpose computer with limited capacity in a small-form size. Deep learning (DL) had known as cutting edges for object recognition. With DL, object feature extraction analysis is omitted. DL requires large computing resources and capacity. Implement DL algorithm on EBD goal to achieves high detection accuracy and high-efficiency resources. Hence, be able to cope with intra-class variations, and image disturbances. By those challenges and limitations, this study reports the performance of EBD to recognize an object which has high variations in their class, through an optimal raw-input dataset. The raw-input dataset performed optimization process with a supervisor. Yield is the proper optimal input dataset in size. The performance results observed begin from training dataset until evaluation stage of DL. The comparison performs in efficiency resources, loss, validation-loss, timesteps, and detection accuracy by multiclass confusion matrix analysis. This study shows through this purpose method efficient resources are highly archived. Shorter timesteps ensure training stage is successful, and detection accuracy is perfectly archived. In addition, this study proves DL method archived great performances in classifying object that has identical structure
TMS320F28379D microcontroller for speed control of permanent magnet direct current motor
Get PDFThis paper aims to study the behavior of the proportional integral derivative (PID) and the fuzzy-based tuning PI-D controller for speed control of a permanent magnet direct current (PMDC) motor. The proposed method used a fuzzy-based tuning PI-D controller with a MATLAB/Simulink program to design and real-time implement a TMS320F28379D microcontroller for speed control of a PMDC motor. The performance of the study designed fuzzy-based tuning PI-D and PID controllers is compared and investigated. The fuzzy logic controller applies the controlling voltage based on motor speed errors. Finally, the result shows the fuzzy-based tuning PI-D controller approach has a minimum overshoot, and minimum transient and steady state parameters compared to the PID controller to control the speed of the motor. The PID controllers have poorer performance due to the non-linear features of the PMDC motor
Harnessing the power of blockchain technology to support decision-making in e-commerce processes
Get PDFTechnology, such as blockchain, has emerged as a promising solution for addressing the challenges of e-commerce decision-making. In this study, we explore the potential benefits of integrating blockchain technology into e-commerce and its role in supporting decision-making in e-commerce. We also examine blockchain’s benefits in terms of enhanced security, transparency, and efficiency for e-commerce platforms. Furthermore, the study discusses the challenges of implementing blockchain for e-commerce, including scalability, integration, regulatory frameworks, user experience, privacy, interoperability, and sustainability. By analyzing these challenges, the study provides valuable insights for future research and development efforts to facilitate a seamless adoption of blockchain technology in e-commerce decisions. Blockchain technology holds the potential to transform an e-commerce ecosystem by overcoming these challenges and unlocking its transformative potential
Multi-label feature aware XGBoost model for student performance assessment using behavior data in online learning environment
Get PDFIn light of recent outbreaks like COVID19, the use of online-based learning streams (i.e., e-Learning systems) has increased significantly. Institutional efforts to boost student achievement have made precise predictions of academic success a priority. To analyze student sessions-streams and anticipate academic success, e-learning platforms are starting to combine data mining (DM) with machine-learning (ML) techniques. Recent research highlights the difficulties that ML-based methods have while dealing with unbalanced data. In tackling ensemble-learning, we combine several ML algorithms to select the most appropriate approach for the given data. Current ensemble-based approaches for predicting student achievement, nevertheless, don't do exceptionally well, particularly when it comes to multi-label classification, because they don't factor the relevance of features into their approaches. This study presents multi-label feature aware XGBoost (MLFA-XGB) method that improves upon the previously used ensemble-learning technique. The MLFA-XGB makes use of a robust cross-validation approach for gaining a deeper understanding of feature relationships. The experimental results demonstrate that in comparison with the state-of-the-art ensemble-based student achievement predictive approach, this suggested MLFA-XGB based approach provides much higher accuracy for prediction.
A skeleton-based method for exercise recognition based on 3D coordinates of human joints
Get PDFThe aim of the work is to develop the method of identification and comparison of poses and exercises performed by a person that will have a low sensitivity to data errors. This method uses their formal descriptions in the form of conjunctions of logical statements and should work regardless of the shooting angle at which the video was taken and the proportions of the person on it. Each statement describes the position of the joints relative to each other along one of the axes. The joint coordinates are corrected by taking into account the length of the bones that connect them that eliminates the necessity to process outliers and it also improves the accuracy of joints positioning. Removal of errors out of the data using the method of averaging the graph along each axis at every step. In order to do this, consecutive points are grouped so that the difference between the maximum and the minimum does not exceed the error. The groups are then filtered to leave only those in which both are smaller or both are larger. The proposed method of identification requires just a modern smartphone and has no restrictions on how to take video of exercises