JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE AND LIFE-SCIENCE RESEARCH
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CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN PATIENTS FROM SAMARKAND REGION
Get PDFMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by variable clinical presentations and unpredictable course. This study aims to analyze the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and challenges faced in diagnosing MS among patients in the Samarkand region. A retrospective analysis of 120 MS patients was conducted, focusing on demographic data, symptomatology, diagnostic methods, and disease progression. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that primarily affects young adults, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms and disability. The clinical presentation and disease progression vary significantly among patients, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, especially in regions with limited healthcare resources like Samarkand. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and delays in diagnosis among MS patients in the Samarkand region. By retrospectively analyzing medical records of 120 patients, the study identified common symptom patterns, disease subtypes, and factors contributing to diagnostic delays. Our findings underline the importance of early recognition and adequate diagnostic tools, such as MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, to facilitate timely treatment initiation. This research provides essential insights into the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of MS in Samarkand, emphasizing the need to improve regional diagnostic capacities and healthcare provider education.
Findings reveal a diverse clinical spectrum with frequent diagnostic delays, emphasizing the need for improved awareness and diagnostic protocols in regional healthcare settings
HOST IMMUNE RESPONSE TO PARASITIC INFECTIONS: PATHWAYS AND MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE
Get PDFParasitic infections continue to be one of the most important health challenges globally, with millions of people suffering from the resultant morbidities and mortalities in many diverse populations. The host immune response is critical in regulating and eliminating these pathogens. The present review attempts to relate how host immune systems interact with different parasites through pathways and mechanisms of immune resistance. We discuss the innate immune response, emphasizing the contribution of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), innate immune cells, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in detail. It also discusses the contribution of the adaptive immune response, where T-cell activation and antibody production allow long-term immunity and resistance to reinfection. What is more, the strategies through which parasites evade immune detection and suppression, such as antigenic variation and immune modulation, are also discussed. This can be achieved by scrutinizing case studies of two major parasitic diseases, malaria and leishmaniasis, which rounded up more victims every year. Host and pathogen thus engage each other in complex and case-specific dynamics The development of vaccines and immunotherapies will be very important in view of the dynamic that parasitic infections had on their hosts and will also have on their hosts' descendants. The review stresses the imperative nature of the process that is written out so distinctly in the pathology textbooks but is based on this perpetual tug of war between parasites and hosts. We cannot ever, ever forget how much less scarring life is now due to four hundred kinds of parasites
D VITAMINI YETISHMOVCHILIGI SABABLARI VA ASORATLARI: HOMILADORLIK DAVRIDA
No full textD vitamini inson organizmi uchun hayotiy ahamiyatga ega bo’lib, homiladorlik davrida onaning va homilaning sog’lig’iga katta ta’sir ko’rsatadi. U kaltsiy va fosfor almashinuvini tartibga solish, immunitet tizimini mustahkamlash, suyak va mushaklarning ordinary rivojlanishini ta’minlashda muhim rol o’ynaydi. Homilador ayollarda D vitamini yetishmovchiligi (gipovitaminoz D) keng tarqalgan muammo bo’lib, bu turli salomatlik muammolariga, jumladan, osteomalyatsiya, preeklampsiya, gestatsion diabet, raxit va tug’ruqdan keyingi depressiyaga olib kelishi mumkin. Bu maqolada homiladorlik davrida D vitamini yetishmovchiligining asosiy sabablari, klinik ko’rinishlari, diagnostikasi, oldini olish va davolash usullari tahlil qilinadi. Quyosh nurlariga yetarli darajada ta’sir qilmaslik, noto’g’ri ovqatlanish, terining qorong’i rangi, semizlik, surunkali jigar va buyrak kasalliklari, shuningdek, genetik omillar D vitamini yetishmovchiligining asosiy sabablari hisoblanadi. D vitamini darajasini aniqlash uchun 25-gidroksivitamin D (25(OH)D) qon testi o’tkaziladi, yetishmaschilik holatida esa D vitaminining farmakologik preparatlari, quyosh vannalari va to’g’ri ovqatlanish tavsiya etiladi. Maqolada D vitamini yetishmovchiligining oldini olish va davolash bo’yicha amaliy tavsiyalar keltirilgan bo’lib, bu homilador ayollarning sog’lig’ini yaxshilashga yordam beradi
QALQONSIMON BEZ KASALIKLARI
No full textQalqonsimon bez organizmning muhim endokrin bezlaridan biri bo‘lib,moddalar almashinuvi, energiya ishlab chiqarilishi va ko‘plab fiziologik jarayonlarni tartibga solishda asosiy rol o‘ynaydi. U tiroksin (T4) va triyodtironin (T3) kabi gormonlarni ishlab chiqarib, hujayralarning o‘sishi, rivojlanishi hamda metabolizmini boshqaradi. Qalqonsimon bez faoliyatining buzilishi organizmda turli kasalliklar – gipotiroidizm, giperterioz, Hashimoto tireoiditi va Basedov kasalligi kabi patologiyalarga olib kelishi mumkin. Shu sababli, ushbu bezning sog‘lom ishlashini ta’minlash uchun to‘g‘ri ovqatlanish, yod balansini saqlash va muntazam tibbiy ko‘rikdan o‘tish muhim ahamiyatga ega
THE ROLE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN REDUCING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AMONG WOMEN: CURRENT PRACTICES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
No full textEndometriosis affects approximately 10% of reproductive-age women globally. Characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity, it leads to inflammation, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and diminished quality of life. Chronic pelvic pain is among the most debilitating symptoms and a leading cause of gynecological consultations.
Although hormonal therapy remains the first-line treatment, many women experience recurrent pain or side effects, requiring surgical intervention. The comparative effectiveness of surgical versus medical therapy in long-term pain control and quality-of-life improvement remains a topic of debate. This study addresses that gap through a prospective comparative analysis.
To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic surgical intervention versus long-term hormonal therapy in managing endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age.
Albatta! Quyida sizga ginekologiya yo‘nalishida tayyorlangan maqola mavzusi bo‘yicha annotatsiya, kalit so‘zlar, va kiritish qismi (introduction) kengaytirilgan holda ingliz tilida taqdim etiladi. Agar xohlasangiz, maqolaning keyingi qismlarini ham yozishda davom etamiz.
Cervical cancer remains one of the most preventable yet deadly malignancies affecting women globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where screening programs are limited or inconsistently implemented. The introduction of organized cervical cancer screening, such as the Pap smear and HPV testing, has significantly reduced the incidence and mortality rates in developed nations. This article explores the importance of routine cervical cancer screening in early detection and prevention, highlighting current guidelines, challenges in implementation, and innovations in screening technologies. Emphasis is placed on improving access, patient awareness, and healthcare infrastructure to ensure that women across all populations benefit from these life-saving interventions. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing data and global practices, the paper offers insights into optimizing cervical cancer prevention strategies for the future
INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK PREDICTION: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
Get PDFCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Traditional risk assessment models, while valuable, often lack the precision needed for individualized patient care. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) offers a transformative approach to risk prediction, enabling the analysis of complex datasets to identify patterns and risk factors with unprecedented accuracy. This study explores the integration of AI in cardiovascular risk prediction, examining various AI models, their applications in clinical settings, and the potential benefits and challenges associated with their implementation. By analyzing recent studies and clinical trials, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how AI is reshaping preventive cardiology
MODERN SOLUTIONS TO THE CURRENT PROBLEMS OF RHINOSURGERY TODAY
No full textModern methods of rehabilitation after septoplasty. In modern medicine, the patient is uncomfortable after septoplasty and there are special technologies for breathing through the nose. Modern methods of rehabilitation after septoplasty
LEGAL AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS OF HIV/AIDS CARE: ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICE, AND IMPACT ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN LAGOS UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL
Get PDFIntroduction: HIV/AIDS remains a major public health challenge in Nigeria. The ethical and legal dimensions of care are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of treatment quality and outcomes. Despite available guidelines, challenges such as stigma, limited awareness of patient rights, and inconsistent enforcement of codes of conduct continue to undermine effective care delivery.
Objectives: This study assessed healthcare providers’ knowledge of ethical and legal codes guiding HIV/AIDS care. It further explored their influence on treatment outcomes and examined the impact of stigma on service delivery in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
Method of Analysis: A cross-sectional analytical approach was employed. Quantitative data from 300 healthcare workers were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, while qualitative insights were synthesized thematically to strengthen interpretation.
Results: Findings showed a significant association between awareness of ethical and legal codes and perceived impact on HIV/AIDS care (χ²=198.523, df=2, p<0.001). Among respondents aware of the codes, 216 (72.0%) reported positive impacts on patient outcomes, while 45 (15.0%) indicated negative impacts and 15 (5.0%) reported no impact. In contrast, all 24 respondents (8.0%) who were not aware of the codes reported no impact. Overall, 261 (87.0%) participants perceived legal and ethical awareness as central to improved care delivery, while 39 (13.0%) indicated otherwise. Stigma and inadequate adherence to ethical principles remained significant barriers.
Conclusion: Ethical and legal frameworks are central to improving HIV/AIDS care. Strengthening healthcare providers’ awareness, promoting enforcement of patient rights, and integrating stigma-reduction strategies into healthcare systems are essential to achieving better treatment outcomes
KNOWLEDGE OF FOOD PRESERVATION AND PRACTICES AMONG PERISHABLE FOOD VENDORS IN BUEA HEALTH DISTRICT, SOUTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
Get PDFIntroduction: Food preservation (FP) is important in the food industry, particularly for vendors who sell perishable foods. Some vendors cannot access `up-to-date preservation technology and rely on traditional methods. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and identify the practices and challenges perishable food vendors face in preserving food within the Buea Health District (BHD), South West Region of Cameroon.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using an explanatory design of both quantitative and qualitative approach carried out from November 2023 to July 2024. It involved random sampling of some 400 food vendors (vegetables/fruits, meat/poultry, seafood, egg) who were issued pretested questionnaire for the quantitave design and 40 key informants who were purposefully selected for Iin-depth interviews for the qualitative design. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS version 26 with the p-value < 0.05 for significance. while the qualitative data was analysed thematically using NVivo software.
Results: The results showed that women 254 (63.5%) dominated food vending in the BHD, and most vendors had secondary educational levels 226 (56.5%). Of the vendors sampled, 45.5% had a good knowledge of FP with the following associated factors: having a secondary education [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.04: 1.40-5.31, p=0.001], being above 40 years of age (AOR = 2.40: 1.80-4.41, p=0.026), more than five years of experience (AOR = 1.50: 1.01-3.21, p=0.031). Most vendors practice FP, with the most common methods being air drying (52.3%), refrigeration (45.2%), limited exposure to air/sunlight (31.4%) and smoking (28.1%). Results also show that 92(23.3%) of vendors used chemical preservatives to preserve their food, with 30(7.5%) using formalin. The factors associated with formalin use were university education, being single, meat vending, and insufficient knowledge of food preservation. Most vendors indicated they faced challenges preserving their food, the most prominent challenges being the risk of food contamination 306(76.9%), the cost of preservation 236(59.0%), time constraints (53.6%), and limited space (32.1%).
Conclusion: The findings revealed the vendors had limited knowledge of food preservation and practised mostly traditional preservation methods with some recorded unsafe practices, while observing risk of contamination and high cost of preservation as the main challenges. Providing food vendors with adequate information on preservation techniques and best practices can ensure the distribution of safe food products and increase food security and profitability among the vendors
COMPARISON OF TITANIUM VS. ZIRCONIA DENTAL IMPLANTS
Get PDFDental implants have become a widely accepted solution for replacing missing teeth, providing both functional and aesthetic benefits. Titanium and zirconia implants are the two most commonly used materials, each exhibiting distinct mechanical, biological, and aesthetic properties. Titanium implants are known for their exceptional strength, proven osseointegration, and long-term clinical success. Zirconia implants, as a metal-free alternative, offer superior aesthetic outcomes and may reduce bacterial adhesion and allergic reactions. This article reviews and compares the effectiveness of titanium and zirconia dental implants, focusing on their clinical performance, osseointegration, longevity, and patient satisfaction. The findings highlight that while titanium implants remain the gold standard in implant dentistry, zirconia implants present a promising alternative for patients with high aesthetic demands or metal sensitivities. Careful case selection and individualized treatment planning are essential to achieve optimal outcomes