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Elaboración de un néctar a partir de jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) con mucílago de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y su mejoramiento en las propiedades organolépticas
No full textThe present research focused on the elaboration of a nectar from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) with cocoa mucilage (Theobroma cacao L.) and the evaluation of its physical-chemical and organoleptic properties, at the Soil Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, using raw materials from the “3 Hermanos” farm, Vinces canton, Los Ríos province. The main objective was to elaborate and evaluate a nectar combining these raw materials, evaluating their physical-chemical and organoleptic characteristics to identify the most acceptable formulation. A completely randomized design was implemented with four treatments (T0: 0 %, T1: 5 %, T2: 10 %, T3: 15 % cocoa mucilage), following a process that included selection, reception, washing, disinfection, extraction, preparation, pasteurization, packaging, sterilization and refrigeration. The analyses performed covered physicochemical parameters (pH according to NTE INEN 0389.2013, titratable acidity according to INEN 381, °Brix according to INEN 380) and organoleptic characteristics (Flavor, Color, Aroma and Texture), evaluated by untrained tasters, using a 5-point hedonic scale. The research responds to the growing demand for natural functional beverages and seeks to make efficient use of agricultural by-products, especially cocoa mucilage, which is usually discarded during the processing, thus contributing to the development of value-added alternatives for the Ecuadorian agroindustrial sector.The present research focused on the elaboration of a nectar from jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) with cocoa mucilage (Theobroma cacao L.) and the evaluation of its physical-chemical and organoleptic properties, at the Soil Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Babahoyo, using raw materials from the “3 Hermanos” farm, Vinces canton, Los Ríos province. The main objective was to elaborate and evaluate a nectar combining these raw materials, evaluating their physical-chemical and organoleptic characteristics to identify the most acceptable formulation. A completely randomized design was implemented with four treatments (T0: 0 %, T1: 5 %, T2: 10 %, T3: 15 % cocoa mucilage), following a process that included selection, reception, washing, disinfection, extraction, preparation, pasteurization, packaging, sterilization and refrigeration. The analyses performed covered physicochemical parameters (pH according to NTE INEN 0389.2013, titratable acidity according to INEN 381, °Brix according to INEN 380) and organoleptic characteristics (Flavor, Color, Aroma and Texture), evaluated by untrained tasters, using a 5-point hedonic scale. The research responds to the growing demand for natural functional beverages and seeks to make efficient use of agricultural by-products, especially cocoa mucilage, which is usually discarded during the processing, thus contributing to the development of value-added alternatives for the Ecuadorian agroindustrial sector.La presente investigación se centró en la elaboración de un néctar a partir de jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) con mucílago de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y la evaluación de sus propiedades físico-químicas y organolépticas, en el Laboratorio de Suelos de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, utilizando materias primas de la Finca "3 Hermanos", cantón Vinces, provincia de Los Ríos. El objetivo principal fue elaborar y evaluar un néctar combinando estas materias primas, evaluando sus características físico-químicas y organolépticas para identificar la formulación más aceptable. Se implementó un diseño completamente al azar con cuatro tratamientos (T0: 0 %, T1: 5 %, T2: 10 %, T3: 15 % de mucílago de cacao), siguiendo un proceso que incluyó la selección, recepción, lavado, desinfección, extracción, preparación, pasteurización, envasado, esterilización y refrigeración. Los análisis realizados abarcaron parámetros físico-químicos (pH según NTE INEN 0389.2013, acidez titulable según INEN 381, °Brix según INEN 380) y características organolépticas (Sabor, Color, Aroma y Textura), evaluadas mediante catadores no entrenados, usando una escala hedónica de 5 puntos. La investigación responde a la creciente demanda de bebidas funcionales naturales y busca aprovechar eficientemente los subproductos agrícolas, especialmente el mucílago de cacao, que habitualmente se desecha durante el proceso de beneficio, contribuyendo así al desarrollo de alternativas de valor agregado para el sector agroindustrial ecuatoriano
Plan de comercialización de Productos Lácteos Tanilact para mejorar el nivel de ventas de los distribuidores autorizados en la provincia de Los Ríos periodo 2024.
No full textThis study develops a marketing plan to optimize distribution, promotion, and customer loyalty in the company, aiming to enhance its competitiveness in the market. Through a detailed analysis of the current situation, deficiencies were identified in product accessibility, ineffective marketing strategies, and a weak relationship with distributors and retailers. The proposal seeks to address these issues through logistics improvements, the implementation of incentive and promotion programs, and the strengthening of digital marketing to increase brand presence. These strategies are expected to improve product availability in strategic sales points, foster distributor loyalty, and drive sustained sales growth. The project also includes continuous evaluation of the implemented strategies, using key performance indicators to measure their effectiveness. As a result, an increase in operational efficiency, an improvement in brand perception, and greater customer satisfaction are anticipated. In conclusion, this marketing plan provides a comprehensive strategy to strengthen the company’s position in its sector and ensure its sustainable growth in the market.This study develops a marketing plan to optimize distribution, promotion, and customer loyalty in the company, aiming to enhance its competitiveness in the market. Through a detailed analysis of the current situation, deficiencies were identified in product accessibility, ineffective marketing strategies, and a weak relationship with distributors and retailers. The proposal seeks to address these issues through logistics improvements, the implementation of incentive and promotion programs, and the strengthening of digital marketing to increase brand presence. These strategies are expected to improve product availability in strategic sales points, foster distributor loyalty, and drive sustained sales growth. The project also includes continuous evaluation of the implemented strategies, using key performance indicators to measure their effectiveness. As a result, an increase in operational efficiency, an improvement in brand perception, and greater customer satisfaction are anticipated. In conclusion, this marketing plan provides a comprehensive strategy to strengthen the company’s position in its sector and ensure its sustainable growth in the market.El presente trabajo desarrolla un plan de comercialización para optimizar la distribución, promoción y fidelización de clientes en la empresa, con el objetivo de mejorar su competitividad en el mercado. A partir de un análisis detallado de la situación actual, se identificaron deficiencias en la accesibilidad de los productos, estrategias de marketing ineficaces y una baja relación de fidelización con distribuidores y minoristas. La propuesta busca solucionar estos problemas mediante mejoras en la logística, implementación de programas de incentivos y promociones, y el fortalecimiento del marketing digital para aumentar la presencia de la marca. Se espera que estas estrategias incrementen la disponibilidad de productos en puntos de venta estratégicos, fomenten la lealtad de los distribuidores y generen un crecimiento sostenido en las ventas. El proyecto también contempla la evaluación continua del impacto de las estrategias implementadas, utilizando indicadores clave de desempeño para medir el éxito de las acciones tomadas. Como resultado, se prevé un aumento en la eficiencia operativa, una mejora en la percepción de la marca y una mayor satisfacción de los clientes finales. En conclusión, este plan de comercialización proporciona una estrategia integral para fortalecer la posición de la empresa en su sector y asegurar su crecimiento sostenible en el mercado
Costos operativos en la empresa Indumot S.A sucursal Babahoyo durante el periodo 2023.
No full textThe study established as its objective to examine the management of operating costs of the company Indumot S.A. Babahoyo branch by reviewing the accounting information for the period 2023, and the application of the methodology that refers to the use of descriptive and bibliographic methods was considered, carried out with the mixed research design and interview techniques through the respective guide to the person responsible for accounting, followed by observation and documentary review to carry out an internal control questionnaire and determine the accounting procedures, finally, the preparation of a comparative analysis using absolute and relative variations, which originated as findings the fixed costs are 1,007,592.70, the direct costs correspond to 206, 548.69. The comparative analysis revealed that there are accounts such as fuel, transportation, travel expenses, water, energy, electricity and telecommunications, notaries and registrars of commercial property, supplies and materials and other expenses that present a variation with a negative slope that ranges between -28% and -1% and refer to variable costs. In addition, fixed costs include insurance and reinsurance, management expenses, impairment expenses, administrative expenses such as salaries, wages, social security contributions, social benefits and compensation, taxes, contributions and others, in addition to financial expenses from loan interest whose real value is equal to the budgeted value. Therefore, it is pertinent to carry out a detailed analysis through internal control, which breaks down the origin of the deviation of variable costs through an exhaustive review of operating procedures.The study established as its objective to examine the management of operating costs of the company Indumot S.A. Babahoyo branch by reviewing the accounting information for the period 2023, and the application of the methodology that refers to the use of descriptive and bibliographic methods was considered, carried out with the mixed research design and interview techniques through the respective guide to the person responsible for accounting, followed by observation and documentary review to carry out an internal control questionnaire and determine the accounting procedures, finally, the preparation of a comparative analysis using absolute and relative variations, which originated as findings the fixed costs are 1,007,592.70, the direct costs correspond to 206, 548.69. The comparative analysis revealed that there are accounts such as fuel, transportation, travel expenses, water, energy, electricity and telecommunications, notaries and registrars of commercial property, supplies and materials and other expenses that present a variation with a negative slope that ranges between -28% and -1% and refer to variable costs. In addition, fixed costs include insurance and reinsurance, management expenses, impairment expenses, administrative expenses such as salaries, wages, social security contributions, social benefits and compensation, taxes, contributions and others, in addition to financial expenses from loan interest whose real value is equal to the budgeted value. Therefore, it is pertinent to carry out a detailed analysis through internal control, which breaks down the origin of the deviation of variable costs through an exhaustive review of operating procedures.El estudio, estableció como objetivo examinar la gestión de los costos operativos de la empresa Indumot S.A. sucursal Babahoyo mediante la revisión de la información contable del periodo 2023, y se considero la aplicación de la metodología que refiere el uso de los métodos descriptivo y bibliográfico, efectuado con el diseño de investigación mixta y las técnicas de entrevista a través de la respectiva guía a el responsable de contabilidad, seguido de la observación y revisión documental para la realización de un cuestionario de control interno y determinar los procedimientos contables, por último, la elaboración de un análisis comparativo utilizando las variaciones absolutas y relativa, que origino como hallazgos los costos fijos son 1,007,592.70, los directos corresponden a 206, 548.69. Mientras que, el análisis comparativo permitió conocer que existen cuentas como combustible, transporte, gastos de viaje, agua, energía luz y telecomunicaciones notarios y registradores de la propiedad mercantil, suministros y materiales y otros gastos que presentan una variación con pendiente negativa que oscila entre -28% y -1% y hacen referencia a los costos variables. Además, los costos fijo comprenden los seguros y reaseguros gastos de gestión gastos por deterioro, gastos administrativos como sueldos, salarios, aportes a la seguridad social, beneficios sociales e indemnizaciones impuestos contribuciones y otros además de los gastos financieros provenientes de los intereses por préstamos al que su valor real es igual al valor presupuestado. De tal modo que es pertinente, realizar un análisis detallado a través de un control interno, que desglose el origen de la desviación de los costos variables a través de una revisión exhaustiva a los procedimientos operativos
Defectos refractivos y su influencia en habilidades perceptuales en niños de la Escuela Ángel VillaMarín Ortiz – Parroquia Isla de Bejucal - Baba. Octubre 2024 - abril 2025.
Get PDFRefractive errors are one of the main causes of decreased visual acuity worldwide. On the other hand, perceptual skills are capacities that allow the correlation of the human being with his environment. The objective was to know refractive errors and their influence on perceptual skills in children aged 8 – 10 years at the Ángel Villamarin Ortiz School. October 2024 – April 2025. The methodology used was deductive; with a quantitative modality. The research is descriptive – cross-sectional; field and non-experimental. The population was made up of 40 students aged 8 – 10 years from the Ángel Villamarin Ortiz school. October 2024 – April 2025. Eye exams and the DTVP-2 test were used for data collection. To select the sample; inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. The results showed that myopia with 42% was the most frequent refractive error among the children examined. Regarding general visual perception, it was found that 60% of the sample had a deficiency. It was found that there is an improvement in the results after correcting the underlying refractive error; in the pre-test, 60% have a deficit in general visual perception; while in the post-test the numbers are reduced to 8%. It was concluded that refractive errors influence perceptual skills, in addition to that a late diagnosis can lead to a slowdown in children's cognitive development.Refractive errors are one of the main causes of decreased visual acuity worldwide. On the other hand, perceptual skills are capacities that allow the correlation of the human being with his environment. The objective was to know refractive errors and their influence on perceptual skills in children aged 8 – 10 years at the Ángel Villamarin Ortiz School. October 2024 – April 2025. The methodology used was deductive; with a quantitative modality. The research is descriptive – cross-sectional; field and non-experimental. The population was made up of 40 students aged 8 – 10 years from the Ángel Villamarin Ortiz school. October 2024 – April 2025. Eye exams and the DTVP-2 test were used for data collection. To select the sample; inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. The results showed that myopia with 42% was the most frequent refractive error among the children examined. Regarding general visual perception, it was found that 60% of the sample had a deficiency. It was found that there is an improvement in the results after correcting the underlying refractive error; in the pre-test, 60% have a deficit in general visual perception; while in the post-test the numbers are reduced to 8%. It was concluded that refractive errors influence perceptual skills, in addition to that a late diagnosis can lead to a slowdown in children's cognitive development.Los defectos refractivos son una de las principales causas de disminución de la agudeza visual a nivel mundial. Por otra parte, las habilidades perceptuales, son capacidades que permiten la correlación del ser humano con su entorno. El objetivo fue Conocer los defectos refractivos y su influencia en las habilidades perceptuales en los niños de 8 – 10 años de la Escuela Ángel Villamarin Ortiz. Octubre 2024 – Abril 2025. La metodología que se empleó fue de método deductivo; con una modalidad cuantitativa. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo – transversal; de campo y no experimental. La población se conformó por 40 estudiantes en edades 8 – 10 años de la escuela Ángel Villamarin Ortiz. Octubre 2024 – Abril 2025. Para la recolección de datos se emplearon exámenes optométricos y el test DTVP-2. Para seleccionar la muestra; se emplearon criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En los resultados se observó que la miopía con un 42% fue el defecto refractivo más frecuente entre los niños examinados. En cuanto a la percepción visual general, se encontró que el 60% de la muestra presentaba una deficiencia. Se comprobó que hay una mejoría en los resultados después de corregir el defecto refractivo de base; en el pre test el 60% tiene un déficit de la percepción visual general; mientras que en el post test los números se reducen hasta el 8%. Se concluyo que los defectos refractivos influyen sobre las habilidades perceptuales, además que un diagnóstico tardío puede conducir a una desaceleración en el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños
Impacto de la agricultura de precisión en la sostenibilidad ambiental en el Ecuador
No full textPrecision agriculture optimizes the application of technologies in agricultural production, however, its adoption faces limitations of high costs or limited access to financing. For this reason, to mitigate the environmental impact, it is essential to implement innovative strategies that improve efficiency in resource management, strengthen crop resilience and promote more sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems. The general objective of this research is based on evaluating the impact of precision agriculture on environmental sustainability in Ecuador. The methodology used was based on the collection of information from current scientific research articles, virtual libraries and websites. Regarding the results, they indicated that among the precision agriculture practices, the use of technologies such as advanced chlorophyll, humidity and nutrient sensors, the use of drones for fumigation, intelligent irrigation systems, vegetation index and variable application of inputs, optimize the management of resources, nutrients and reduce environmental impact. In addition, the integration of preventive, biological and chemical techniques allows for more effective control of pests and diseases, preserving the stability of agroecosystems. In conclusion, these tools reduce the excessive use of agrochemicals, and at the same time, allow for the conservation of soil and water. Also, the use of slow-release fertilizers and phytosanitary products have improved productive efficiency and long-term agricultural sustainability, guaranteeing a balance between profitability and environmental care.Precision agriculture optimizes the application of technologies in agricultural production, however, its adoption faces limitations of high costs or limited access to financing. For this reason, to mitigate the environmental impact, it is essential to implement innovative strategies that improve efficiency in resource management, strengthen crop resilience and promote more sustainable management of agricultural ecosystems. The general objective of this research is based on evaluating the impact of precision agriculture on environmental sustainability in Ecuador. The methodology used was based on the collection of information from current scientific research articles, virtual libraries and websites. Regarding the results, they indicated that among the precision agriculture practices, the use of technologies such as advanced chlorophyll, humidity and nutrient sensors, the use of drones for fumigation, intelligent irrigation systems, vegetation index and variable application of inputs, optimize the management of resources, nutrients and reduce environmental impact. In addition, the integration of preventive, biological and chemical techniques allows for more effective control of pests and diseases, preserving the stability of agroecosystems. In conclusion, these tools reduce the excessive use of agrochemicals, and at the same time, allow for the conservation of soil and water. Also, the use of slow-release fertilizers and phytosanitary products have improved productive efficiency and long-term agricultural sustainability, guaranteeing a balance between profitability and environmental care.La agricultura de precisión optimiza la aplicación de tecnologías en la producción agrícola, sin embargo, su adopción enfrenta limitaciones de altos costos o acceso limitado a financiamiento, por tal motivo, para mitigar el impacto ambiental, es fundamental la implementación de estrategias innovadores que mejoren la eficiencia en la gestión de recursos, fortalezcan la resilencia de los cultivos y fomenten un manejo más sostenible de los ecosistemas agrícolas. El objetivo general de esta investigación se fundamenta en evaluar el impacto de la agricultura de precisión en la sostenibilidad ambiental en el Ecuador. La metodología utilizada se basó en la recopilación de información de artículos científicos de investigación actuales, bibliotecas virtuales y sitios web. En cuanto a los resultados indicaron que entre las prácticas de las agricultura de precisión del uso de tecnologías como sensores avanzados de clorofila, humedad y nutrientes, empleo de drones para fumigación, sistema de riego inteligente, índice de vegetación y aplicación variable de insumos, optimizan la gestión de recursos, nutrientes y reduciendo del impacto ambiental, además, la integración de técnicas preventivas, biológicas y químicas permiten un control más efectivo de plagas y enfermedades, preservando la estabilidad de los agroecosistemas. En conclusion, estas herramientas reducen el uso excesivo de agroquímicos, y a la vez, permiten la conservación el suelo y el agua, tambien, el uso de fertilizantes de liberación lenta y productos fitosanitarios han mejorado la eficiencia productiva y la sostenibilidad agrícola a largo plazo, garantizando un equilibrio entre rentabilidad y cuidado ambienta
Efecto de Diferentes Niveles de Creatina en la Alimentación de Cuy (Cavia porcellus) como Promotor de Crecimiento en la Etapa de Cría y Recría
No full textThis research was carried out in the Minor Species Program of the Veterinary Medicine career, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, of the Technical University of Babahoyo, Babahoyo-Montalvo road, where the effect of different levels of Creatine in the Feeding of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) was evaluated as a Growth Promoter in the Breeding and Rearing Stage for 10 weeks, a total of 60 animal units were used, composed exclusively of 30-day-old males with an average weight of 420 gr, these were distributed in three experimental treatments T1 (0.5% Creatine / kg feed + Balance + Water), T2 (1% Creatine / kg feed + Balance + Water) and T3 (1.5% Creatine / kg feed + Balance + Water) versus a control treatment T0 (Alfalfa + Balance + Water) with three repetitions and 5 experimental units each. The productive parameters such as initial weight, final weight, live weight gain, carcass yield and mortality and the benefit/cost indicator were evaluated. The treatments were distributed under a completely randomized design (CRD), where the experimental results obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison test according to Tukey at 5% at significance levels of (P ≤ 0.05).The results indicate that the best treatment was T2 in terms of the Final Weight variables (1348.33 g), Live Weight Gain (918.67 g) and Feed Conversion (4.43 g), in the Feed Consumption variable, T0 reported the highest value (86.36 g), on the other hand, the carcass yield variable the best percentage was obtained with T1 (69.00%), regarding Mortality, a percentage of 0% was achieved, finally the Benefit / Cost was equal in Treatments 1, 2 and 3 with a value of 2.10 which means that for every dollar invested there is a significant return when using Creatine as a growth promoter which has shown positive effects on the production of guinea pigs on their productive parameters and with good profitability.La presente investigación se realizó en el Programa de Especies Menores de la carrera Medicina Veterinaria Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, vía Babahoyo-Montalvo, donde se evaluó el efecto de diferentes niveles de Creatina en la Alimentación de Cuy (Cavia porcellus) como Promotor de Crecimiento en la Etapa de Cría y Recría durante 10 semanas, se utilizó un total de 60 unidades animales, compuestas exclusivamente de machos de 30 días de vida con un peso promedio de 420 gr, estos fueron distribuidos en tres tratamientos experimentales T1 (0.5% Creatina/kg alimento + Balanceado + Agua), T2 (1% Creatina/kg alimento + Balanceado + Agua ) y T3 (1.5% Creatina/kg alimento + Balanceado + Agua) frente a un tratamiento testigo T0 (Alfalfa + Balanceado + Agua) con tres repeticiones y 5 unidades experimentales cada uno. Se evaluó los Parámetros Productivos como el Peso inicial, Peso Final, Ganancia de Peso Vivo, Rendimiento a la Canal y Mortalidad y el Indicador Beneficio/Costo, los tratamientos fueron distribuidos bajo un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA), donde los resultados experimentales obtenidos fueron sometidos a un Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) y Prueba de Comparación según Tukey al 5% a los niveles de significancia de (P ≤ 0.05). Los resultados indican que el mejor tratamiento fue el T2 en cuanto a las variables Peso Final (1348,33 g), Ganancia de Peso Vivo (918,67 g) y Conversión Alimenticia (4,43 g), en la variable Consumo de Alimento, el T0 reporto el valor más alto (86,36 g), por otro lado, la variable rendimiento a la canal el mejor porcentaje se obtuvo con T1 (69,00%), respecto a la Mortalidad, se logró un porcentaje de 0%, finalmente el Beneficio/Costo fue igual en los Tratamientos 1, 2 y 3 con un valor de $2,10 lo que significa que por cada dólar invertido hay un retorno de significativo al utilizar Creatina como promotor de crecimiento los cuales han demostrado efectos positivos en la producción de cuyes sobre sus parámetros productivos y con buena rentabilidad
Bioecología del depredador Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) como agente de control biológico de insectos plagas en cultivos de ciclo corto
No full textChrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) has a wide distribution, adaptability, speed and forcefulness when preying on its hosts. Most species of the Chrysoperla genus are insects that have good adaptation to different agroecosystems as well as resistance to numerous chemicals. The objective of this research work is to detail the bioecological characteristics, identify the main prey and report the efficiency of the control of C. externa in its different hosts. This work was done by compiling updated information found in scientific articles, and physical and virtual libraries. The predator C. external has biological characteristics that make it suitable for breeding and multiplication to finally be used as one of the appropriate biological control agents. C. externa presents a long list of prey such as mites, whiteflies, aphids, thrips, among others, but all of them are insect pests of the main agricultural products. The predator C. external is a generalist, which makes it an interesting insect in the biological control of many pests. However, the host Planococcus citri was the only host that affects its biology. The control efficiency of C. externa is conclusively demonstrated, but it is also enhanced when pesticide or biological products that do not significantly affect the development and control efficiency of C. externa are used correctly. The predator C. external is efficient when controlling most of its prey in short-cycle crops.Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) has a wide distribution, adaptability, speed and forcefulness when preying on its hosts. Most species of the Chrysoperla genus are insects that have good adaptation to different agroecosystems as well as resistance to numerous chemicals. The objective of this research work is to detail the bioecological characteristics, identify the main prey and report the efficiency of the control of C. externa in its different hosts. This work was done by compiling updated information found in scientific articles, and physical and virtual libraries. The predator C. external has biological characteristics that make it suitable for breeding and multiplication to finally be used as one of the appropriate biological control agents. C. externa presents a long list of prey such as mites, whiteflies, aphids, thrips, among others, but all of them are insect pests of the main agricultural products. The predator C. external is a generalist, which makes it an interesting insect in the biological control of many pests. However, the host Planococcus citri was the only host that affects its biology. The control efficiency of C. externa is conclusively demonstrated, but it is also enhanced when pesticide or biological products that do not significantly affect the development and control efficiency of C. externa are used correctly. The predator C. external is efficient when controlling most of its prey in short-cycle crops.Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) posee una amplia distribución, adaptabilidad, rápides y contundencia a la hora de depredar a sus huéspedes. La mayorias de especies del genero Chrysoperla son insectos que presentan buena adaptación a diferentes agroecosistemas además de resistencia a numerosos productos químicos. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es Detallar las características bioecológicas, identificar las principales presas y reportar la eficiencia del control de C. externa en sus diferentes hospederos. El presente trabajo se lo hizo mediante la recopilación de información actualizada encontrada en artículos científicos, y biblioteca física y virtual. El depredador C. externa posee características biológicas que lo hacen apto para la cría y multiplicación para finalmente destinarlo como uno de los agentes de control biológico debido. C. externa presenta una larga lista de presas como los son los ácaros, la mosca blanca, los pulgones, los trips, entre otros, pero todos ellos, insectos plagas de los principales productos agrícolas. El depredador C. externa, es generalista lo que lo torna un insecto interesante en el control biológico de muchas plagas, Sin embrago el hospedero Planococcus citri, fue el único huésped que afecta su biología. La eficiencia de control de C. externa es demostrada contundentemente, pero, además, es potencializada cuando se usa de forma correcta productos plaguicidas o biológicos que no afectan significativamente el desarrollo y eficiencia de control de C. externa. El depredador C. externa es eficiente al momento de controlar la mayoría de sus presas en los cultivos de ciclo corto
Innovación en la detección y prevención de patrones de ciberataque con la utilización de IA generativa.
No full textThis study is the initial step in a case study that seeks to understand and evaluate the real impact of generative artificial intelligence on the evolution of cyber threats and the effectiveness of preventive measures in the organizational context. Companies use generative artificial intelligence technology to optimize operations and services, thereby improving efficiency and competitiveness. However, these advances have also generated new vulnerabilities, as AI capabilities have been exploited by sophisticated cyber threats to overthrow conventional defenses, causing concerns about the security of digital assets and data. This study will also uncover any gaps between the evolution of cyber-attacks and companies' current preventative measures. Specific suggestions will be made to improve prediction, detection and response mechanisms in anticipation of the latest computational threats. Management of this problem will enable a better understanding and control of the problems and opportunities related to generative AI for enterprise computer security.This study is the initial step in a case study that seeks to understand and evaluate the real impact of generative artificial intelligence on the evolution of cyber threats and the effectiveness of preventive measures in the organizational context. Companies use generative artificial intelligence technology to optimize operations and services, thereby improving efficiency and competitiveness. However, these advances have also generated new vulnerabilities, as AI capabilities have been exploited by sophisticated cyber threats to overthrow conventional defenses, causing concerns about the security of digital assets and data. This study will also uncover any gaps between the evolution of cyber-attacks and companies' current preventative measures. Specific suggestions will be made to improve prediction, detection and response mechanisms in anticipation of the latest computational threats. Management of this problem will enable a better understanding and control of the problems and opportunities related to generative AI for enterprise computer security.Este el paso inicial en un estudio de caso que busca valorar el impacto real de la inteligencia artificial generativa en la evolución de los ataques informáticos y la certeza de las estrategias anticipadas en el contexto organizacional. Las empresas utilizan la tecnología de inteligencia artificial generativa para optimizar las operaciones y servicios, mejorando así la eficiencia y la competitividad. No obstante, estos avances también han generado nuevas vulnerabilidades, ya que las capacidades de IA han sido explotadas por sofisticadas amenazas cibernéticas para derrocar las defensas convencionales, causando preocupaciones sobre la seguridad de los activos y datos digitales. Este estudio también descubrirá cualquier brecha entre la evolución de los ataques cibernéticos y las medidas preventivas actuales de las empresas. Se harán sugerencias específicas para mejorar la predicción, la detección y los mecanismos de respuesta en anticipación de las últimas amenazas computacionales. La gestión de este problema permitirá una mejor comprensión y control de los problemas y oportunidades relacionadas con la IA generativa para la seguridad informática empresarial
Efecto de las prácticas de rehabilitación: podas y raleos en el desempeño productivo de plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en el Ecuador
No full textAt a global level, cocoa has been a product of greater consumption that is increasingly representing the strengthening of the value chain. Ecuador, due to its biological wealth, is a cocoa producer par excellence, being one of the main export products. The main objective of the research was to study the effect of rehabilitation practices: pruning and thinning on the productive performance of cocoa plantations (Theobroma cacao L.). For the preparation of the document, information was collected from scientific articles and libraries, presenting it as a non-experimental research of a bibliographic nature. The results indicate that rehabilitation in cocoa cultivation is essential for the restoration of trees and optimizing the performance of plantations. This includes pruning, integrated management of pests and diseases, and adoption of optimal agricultural practices. Adequate pruning and thinning generates benefits such as pest mitigation, growth stimulation, and maintenance of shade. The conclusions indicate that the rehabilitation of cocoa plantations is essential to revitalize trees, help with integrated management of pests and diseases, and adopt good agricultural practices, which favors the sustainability of these crops. The essential pruning methods are: training, which establishes the structure of the tree; maintenance, which removes dead branches; rehabilitation, which removes aged foliage; and renewal, which regenerates plants that have reached an aging state. These agronomic benefits include a decrease in the incidence of pests and diseases, an increase in fruit production, and maintenance of shade.At a global level, cocoa has been a product of greater consumption that is increasingly representing the strengthening of the value chain. Ecuador, due to its biological wealth, is a cocoa producer par excellence, being one of the main export products. The main objective of the research was to study the effect of rehabilitation practices: pruning and thinning on the productive performance of cocoa plantations (Theobroma cacao L.). For the preparation of the document, information was collected from scientific articles and libraries, presenting it as a non-experimental research of a bibliographic nature. The results indicate that rehabilitation in cocoa cultivation is essential for the restoration of trees and optimizing the performance of plantations. This includes pruning, integrated management of pests and diseases, and adoption of optimal agricultural practices. Adequate pruning and thinning generates benefits such as pest mitigation, growth stimulation, and maintenance of shade. The conclusions indicate that the rehabilitation of cocoa plantations is essential to revitalize trees, help with integrated management of pests and diseases, and adopt good agricultural practices, which favors the sustainability of these crops. The essential pruning methods are: training, which establishes the structure of the tree; maintenance, which removes dead branches; rehabilitation, which removes aged foliage; and renewal, which regenerates plants that have reached an aging state. These agronomic benefits include a decrease in the incidence of pests and diseases, an increase in fruit production, and maintenance of shade.A nivel mundial el cacao ha sido un producto de mayor consumo que va representado cada vez más al fortalecimiento de la cadena de valor, Ecuador, por su riqueza biológica, es un productor de cacao por excelencia, siendo uno de los principales productos de exportación. La investigación tuvo como objetivo principal estudiar el efecto de las prácticas de rehabilitación: podas y raleos en el desempeño productivo de plantaciones de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). Para la elaboración del documento se recopiló información de artículos científicos y bibliotecas presentándose como una investigación no experimental de carácter bibliográfico. Los resultados señalan que la rehabilitación en el cacao cultivo es fundamental para la restauración de árboles y optimizar el rendimiento de las plantaciones. Esto incluye podas, gestión integrada de plagas y enfermedades, y adopción de prácticas agrícolas óptimas. Adecuada poda y raleo genera beneficios como mitigación de plagas, estimulación de crecimiento, y mantenimiento de la sombra.
Las conclusiones indican que la rehabilitación de cacao plantaciones es fundamental para revitalizar los árboles, ayudar a la gestión integrada de plagas y enfermedades, y adoptar buenas prácticas agrícolas, lo que favorece la sostenibilidad de estos cultivos. Las modalidades de poda esencial son la formación que establece la estructura del árbol, mantenimiento elimina las ramas muertas, rehabilitación elimina el follaje envejecido, y renovación regenera plantas que han alcanzado un estado de envejecimiento. Estos beneficios agronómicos incluyen una disminución en la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, incremento en la producción de frutos y mantenimiento de la sombra
Gestión administrativa en la Escuela de Conducción Tipo B “Escond Spark Ii S.A” del cantón Quevedo del período 2023.
No full textThis case study titled: Administrative Management in the Type B Driving School “ESCOND SPARK II S.A” of the Quevedo canton for the period 2023. Various difficulties were detected that affect its operation, including the lack of digitalization and presence on the internet, the shortage of vehicles for practical teaching, budgetary constraints and deficiencies in staff training. The lack of a website and digital marketing strategies has made it difficult to attract new students, since the majority of potential clients turn to the Internet to obtain information. Additionally, the limited number of cars available causes delays in practical classes, affecting the learning experience and reducing the course completion rate. Through the SWOT analysis, it was identified that the institution has strengths, such as trained instructors and updated teaching methods. However, it faces threats such as increased competition and economic difficulties that affect students' ability to pay. To improve administration, it is recommended to optimize financial planning, develop digital marketing strategies and improve resource management. Likewise, it is suggested to strengthen internal communication and staff training to offer a higher quality service and achieve a better position in the market.This case study titled: Administrative Management in the Type B Driving School “ESCOND SPARK II S.A” of the Quevedo canton for the period 2023. Various difficulties were detected that affect its operation, including the lack of digitalization and presence on the internet, the shortage of vehicles for practical teaching, budgetary constraints and deficiencies in staff training. The lack of a website and digital marketing strategies has made it difficult to attract new students, since the majority of potential clients turn to the Internet to obtain information. Additionally, the limited number of cars available causes delays in practical classes, affecting the learning experience and reducing the course completion rate. Through the SWOT analysis, it was identified that the institution has strengths, such as trained instructors and updated teaching methods. However, it faces threats such as increased competition and economic difficulties that affect students' ability to pay. To improve administration, it is recommended to optimize financial planning, develop digital marketing strategies and improve resource management. Likewise, it is suggested to strengthen internal communication and staff training to offer a higher quality service and achieve a better position in the market.Este caso de estudio titulado: Gestión Administrativa en la Escuela de Conducción Tipo B “ESCOND SPARK II S.A” del cantón Quevedo del período 2023. Se detectaron diversas dificultades que afectan su funcionamiento, entre ellas la falta de digitalización y presencia en internet, la escasez de vehículos para la enseñanza práctica, restricciones presupuestarias y deficiencias en la capacitación del personal.
La carencia de una página web y estrategias de marketing digital ha dificultado la captación de nuevos estudiantes, ya que la mayoría de los clientes potenciales recurren a internet para obtener información. Asimismo, la cantidad limitada de automóviles disponibles provoca retrasos en las clases prácticas, afectando la experiencia de aprendizaje y reduciendo la tasa de finalización de los cursos. A través del análisis FODA, se identificó que la institución posee fortalezas, como instructores capacitados y métodos de enseñanza actualizados. Sin embargo, enfrenta amenazas como el aumento de la competencia y las dificultades económicas que afectan la capacidad de pago de los alumnos. Para mejorar la administración, se recomienda optimizar la planificación financiera, desarrollar estrategias de marketing digital y mejorar la gestión de los recursos. Asimismo, se sugiere fortalecer la comunicación interna y la formación del personal para ofrecer un servicio de mayor calidad y lograr una mejor posición en el mercado