International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences
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PREVALENCE OF UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG TRAINED AND UNTRAINED WEIGHTLIFTERS OF GUJRANWALA
No full textBackground: Weightlifting is a competitive sport that is played by many people. The basis of performing such exercise is to increase the mass of muscle and symmetry. The risk of injury during heavy lifting at work or during free time is a well-recognized problem. Injuries may occur due to heavy weightlifting in extreme joint positions. Older weightlifters may sustain greater percentages of joint sprains and muscle strains during resistance training, while younger athletes would bear a greater percentage of injuries linked to accidents. Objectives: The objective is to find the prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among Gujranwala\u27s trained and untrained weightlifters. Methodology: It was a comparative cross-sectional study. A convenient sampling technique was used. A sample size of 180 participants was taken. Standard Nordic questionnaire and Quick Dash Questionnaire were used. Results: This study showed that a high percentage of weightlifters had difficulty in performing their regular tasks and jobs due to pain in their neck region. The maximum frequency of MSK Disorders was found in the shoulder region among untrained weightlifters and 41.1% felt symptoms in the last 7 days while exercising. A high percentage (38.9%) of weightlifters felt symptoms in the last 3 months. Overall results of the study show that Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders were seen as common in both trained and untrained weightlifters with no significant difference between the both. Conclusion: All the findings of the study strongly support that the untrained weightlifters showed slightly more prevalence in MSK disorders of the shoulder region, wrist, and hand as compared to trained weightlifters
THE PRESENCE OF THE ANTI-STREPTOCOCCUS ANTIBODIES IN THE BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER.
No full textBackground: A beta hemolyticus infection can cause a number of infections by different kinds of pathogenic mechanisms in the general population. These can range from streptococcal skin infections to rheumatic valve and heart diseases, as well as brain damage like encephalitis and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the presence of anti-streptococcus antibodies in bipolar affective disorder with respect to family history, educational background, and gender differences. Methodology: The sample was collected with patient consent during the past year from the Bolan Medical College Complex Hospital, the Quetta Department of Psychiatry’s out door and in-door patients and from private referrals. A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 100 patients with a history of elated mood and low-grade fever in the absence of obvious causes, or if any causes were discovered after treatment, was conducted after carrying out their general physical and systemic examinations in order to include them in this study. Results: The positive anti streptolysin-o (ASO-titer) meaning more than 200 IU, is set for a positive result for the presence of the streptococcal antibody levels. In this study, the authors found a 29% prevalence of positivity. The variables are positive psychiatric family history, no education or poor educational background, and the third variable is the way the gender-based differences are, in males, the results are 71.7% and in females, it is 70% negative. Conclusion: The female gender, poor educational background, and positive family history are the main outcomes of this study
NANO-DRUG DESIGNING STRATEGIES AND TARGETED APPLICATIONS FOR CANCER TREATMENT
No full textIntroduction: Recent medical improvements have not much of an influence on cancer patients\u27 life expectancy throughout the world. Nano medicine is a cutting-edge topic in cancer therapy, with various well-tested techniques for delivering drugs. Objectives: Liposomes and other nanostructures are often used in therapeutic contexts and scientists in numerous countries are currently investigating polymer micelles. These structures will become more lucrative if they include chemicals that help with site-specific delivery and tailored release. The objective of the current review is to provide comprehensive information on nano-drugs. Methods: Liposomes, polymer micelles, and dendrites, among other well-known nanoparticle technologies, can be controlled and regulated to generate a more long-lasting and effective non-therapeutic modality. Occasionally, the term "multistage drug delivery" is used. This method, which employs a well-designed Nano-carrier, overcomes several biological barriers to medicine delivery. Results: Several multistage drug delivery system papers were reviewed for this study and their advantages were discussed with some pharmaceutical drug examples as well. Conclusions: We emphasize developments in nanoparticle design that overcome heterogeneous delivery barriers and contend that intelligent nanoparticle design can boost effectiveness in general delivery applications especially cancer treatment while enabling customized designs for precision applications, ultimately improving patient outcomes
ETHOSOMES: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR THE DELIVERY OF DRUG
No full textBackground: In the past m8any years, there have been many studies that are considering the nanoparticles as the carriers of the drugs for improving the patient compliance. One such approach of delivery of the drug is through the ethosomes. Objectives: This review aims to describe the vesicular approach of ethosomes that had been used to overcome the barrier for the transdermal delivery of drug and also describes brief composition, method of preparation, characterization tests, mechanism of penetration of ethosomes, as well as highlighted various studies of ethosomes in medicine. Methodology: Relevant data was searched using various databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, SpringerLink and Scopus. Results: Ethosomes are the vesicular shaped structures comprising majorly of phospholipids and ethanol. Due to their size in nanometers and presence of increased amount of the ethanol in its structure, it had shown very high permeation of the drug when given through the transdermal route or topically. There are basically two methods for the formulation of the ethosomes that includes the hot method and cold method. Furthermore, recently more two methods have also been developed for formulating ethosomes including classical mechanical dispersion method and transmembrane pH gradient method. After formulation of ethosomes, many characterization tests can be performed on ethosomes such as pH, particle size, zeta potential, in vitro permeation studies, microscopic evaluation and stability studies. Conclusion: Many more studies are needed to enhance these novel drug delivery systems and other vesicular systems such as transferosomes and invasomes for better therapeutic output and ultimately increasing the patient compliance
Editorial of International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences
No full textDear Readers,
The field of International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences (IJPIHS) endeavors is all matters related to exchanging emerging ideas in pharmaceutical, biological, integrated health sciences, and health services research. We promote papers with methodological rigor, which is necessary to ensure that the findings drawn from the journal\u27s publications are legitimate and credible. Peer review is still an important part of how we evaluate submitted manuscripts. We feel that peer review improves accepted papers when referees\u27 suggestions and objections are addressed; this clear appraisal procedure also helps to build reader trust. I expect to continue to get a significant number of well-selected articles relevant to our preferred topics from all areas of pharmacy, as well as clinical data and research belonging to the field of pharmaceutical and biological sciences
DEVELOPMENT AND SHELF STABILITY OF FUNCTIONAL DRINK PREPARED FROM WATERMELON AND CUCUMBER
No full textBackground
Cucumber is known to have countless benefits related to skin, body, and general health conditions. Watermelon juice is highly nutritious and perishable. Recent studies focus on using it with a combination of potential functional ingredients. Watermelon-Cucumber drink is a healthy combination of beverages that can provide many nutrients and health benefits.
Objectives
In this study, cucumber juice was used to improve watermelon juice\u27s nutritional profile and sensory attributes by utilizing honey as a sweetener. This study aimed to evaluate the functional drink\u27s proximate parameters, oxidative stability, microbial load, and organoleptic evaluation.
Methods
Statistics was applied using Statistics 8.1, and data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD Post Hoc analysis. The functional drink was prepared using altering concentrations of cucumber juice and watermelon juice (80:10, 70:20, 60:30, 50:40) and stored at 4oC for 28 days. Results revealed that adding cucumber juice significantly improved antioxidant potential (p<0.05) up to 1.6%. The current study revealed that a non-significant effect was observed on ash contents (0.06-0.04%), total solids (0.36-0.32%), and degree Brix (8.7o-9.7o) of functional drink. Increasing concentration of cucumber juice led to an increase in titratable acidity (0.57%) while pH was decreased (3.6).
Conclusions
Using watermelon and cucumber juice in combinations improved the antioxidant potential of the functional drink. The organoleptic evaluation revealed that treatment with 80% watermelon juice and 10% cucumber juice was observed best in sensorial attributes
COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA: A REVIEW
No full textBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic as it has affected millions of individuals and caused hundreds of fatalities. This pandemic has posed serious challenges to health care professionals related to the treatment and management of cancer especially chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Objectives: This review has summarized some latest studies and case reports conducted to evaluate the prevalence and effects of COVID-19 infection in chronic myeloid leukemia patients and how anti-neoplastic drugs act as antiviral agents. Methodology: All the literature were searched by using different electronic databases. Results: The rate of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients is higher as compared to the normal population. The reason may be immunosuppression due to cancer progression or a therapeutic approach applied to control the progression of cancer. Studies have indicated a low risk of infection in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who received tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Conclusion: It has been found that tyrosine kinase inhibitors may act as an antiviral agent. That gave the idea that anti-neoplastic agents could be repurposed as antiviral agents to fight the battle against the current pandemic. This will provide new insights into the management of COVID-19 infection in chronic myeloid leukemia patients
ANALGESIC AND ANTI-DIABETIC POTENTIAL OF ROYSTONEA REGIA
No full textBackground: Plants are the rich source of nutrients and contain biological and pharmacological potential. Roystonea regia, a plant of Aceraceae family has been traditionally used in different countries especially in Asia. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate its analgesic and anti-diabetic potential by hot plate method and Alloxan induced method in Swiss albino female rats weighing 150 to 200 gm respectively. Methodology: Shoots of Roystonea regia plant was extracted using n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol in Soxhlet apparatus. Oral acute toxicity test showed the different mortality rates of all extracts. Results: The crude n-hexane and ethanol extract showed increase in the latency time till 120 min and were found to have significant (p˂0.001) analgesic potential at 100 and 200 mg/kg dose. However, different anti-diabetic potential was shown by all three extracts. Chloroform extract showed maximum reduction in blood glucose level (BGL) and found significant (p˂0.001) as compared to negative control till 21st day at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight. Conclusion: Further study is required to understand the complete mechanism involved in both activities. In future, purified fractions and column chromatography can be conducted for their complete characterization and their toxic effects to establish a proper therapeutic dose for further trials
The DIETARY CONCEPTS, PATTERNS AND LIFESTYLES IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN.
No full textBackground: It is estimated that 1.5 million fatalities were directly caused by diabetes and 2.2 million deaths were caused by high blood glucose. This study was conducted to evaluate the link of food concepts, lifestyle habits, and dietary patterns among persons with diabetes mellitus. Methodology: The participants with diabetes mellitus were chosen from the diabetic wards and OPDs of several hospitals in Punjab. There were 600 participants in the entire sample size. The questionnaire was created to evaluate diabetes-related myths about food, diabetes-related lifestyle routines, and eating habits among persons with diabetes. Statistical techniques were used percentages (%) and cross tabs. Results: The study found that 55.8% of persons have a history of diabetes mellitus in their families. A sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity were prevalent in about 41.8% of the population. Participants with no education or little education have higher levels of uncontrolled HbA1C than participants with some education. 24% of the individuals who lacked education thought that eating too much sugar could cause diabetes. 10% of individuals actually used a home remedy, whereas 88.8% of participants did not use any. Of the participants, 24.5% believed that home remedies were helpful in managing diabetes. Conclusion: This study shows that people do not exercise enough; about half of the participants are physically inactive. Major meals were consumed in an appropriate amount. The promotion of good eating and lifestyle practices, particularly prevention among high-risk groups, is encouraged through health education and other interventions
EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST INTERVENTIONS IN DIABETES AND BLOOD PRESSURE MANAGEMENT
No full textBackground: The pharmacist community played a significant role in serving the nation for many years. The total number of registered pharmacists by the provincial pharmacy council is 23029. The role of pharmacists and their services is unrecognized by society. Aims: The intention of this clinical project is to create awareness among the population regarding the pharmacist\u27s role in improving the health of the patients and disease management. The aim is to highlight the importance of pharmacists among patients regarding their medication therapy and lifestyle modification to provide clear evidence of health gain. Methodology: It is a non-experimental based questionnaire study which is performed in community pharmacy and medical stores of Lahore, Islamabad, Gujranwala and Sargodha. Most of the people in Pakistan visit medical stores for the grant of medication without pharmacist advice in rural areas of Punjab Pakistan. But in big cities such as Lahore, Islamabad people visit pharmacies for grant of their medication and in some pharmacies pharmacist counsel the patient regarding their medication and visit a pharmacist are more satisfied and feel improvement in their condition. Results: Patients were divided in two group, one who visited medical store and other who went to pharmacy. We are interested in patients who are visiting the pharmacy and getting the various type of benefits from the presence of pharmacist. Conclusion Diabetes and hypertension are two major chronic diseases and spread widely across the world including Pakistan. In the management of diabetes and hypertension pharmacist interventions are beneficial and literature study provide evidence of it. People who visit a pharmacy also get economic benefit as pharmacist also offer alternatives which costs lesser