International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences
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T CELL AGING IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
No full textWith the progression of aging, the immune system and the tendency for abnormal immunological changes are common. Individuals over the age of 50 years are susceptible to infectious diseases as well as inflammation and immune-mediated tissue damage. Aging is the main cause of disease pathology and death, continuously enhancing the risk of cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and infectious diseases. One of the important causes is higher susceptibility to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and other immunodeficiency syndromes. Inflammation is common in age-related pathologies. In immune cells, T lymphocytes have an extensive life cycle and show a robust copying force, constructing them sensitive to ageing-associated pathologies. In dysfunctional ageing of T-cells, protection of T-cell function and cells capable of promoting inflammation are abundant. Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-lasting autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joints. Though RA develops at an early age, the frequency of developing RA increases with the increase in age. It is also seen that RA may develop as a result of premature ageing (immunosenescence) of the immune system. In RA, T-cell ageing occurs prematurely, but the mechanism involved and their role in tissue damage is still uncertain. T-cell ageing and its effects on rheumatoid arthritis are discussed here, as well as how T-cells participate in tissue damage, acute and chronic inflammation, and the ageing process. Also review the DNA damage in response to T-cell aging, telomeric ends shortening during RA and immunosenescence, and Tcells in RA
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORAL SOLUTION FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
No full textBackground: Arthritis is becoming more prevalent with time in Pakistan. An autoimmune and inflammatory condition, rheumatoid arthritis mostly affects the joints. Since most immune suppressants are injectable, it was very difficult for patients to follow their treatment regimen on a daily basis. Aims: To develop a liquid dosage form with minimal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with immuno-suppressants. Methodology: For this purpose, a combination of aloe vera with anti-inflammatory effects and prednisolone with immunosuppressant effects is used. Firstly, aloe vera extract was taken and blended with distilled water, sweetened with sucralose and added in prednisolone solution along with other excipients. The results of efficacy, density, viscosity and specific gravity were as within ranges. Result: There is no discoloration and cloudiness. The results of efficacy, density, viscosity and specific gravity were as within ranges. Conclusion: Aloe juice has synergistic effects as an anti-inflammatory agent. This combination lessened the ADRs associated with prednisolone, however it doesn’t compromise the therapeutic effects
Editorial of International Journal of Pharmacy and Integrated Health Sciences
No full textIt is a great pleasure to introduce this issue on emerging ideas in health services research, biological, pharmaceutical, integrated health sciences in the International Journal of Pharmacy & Integrated Health Sciences (IJPIHS). We editor encourage studies with rigorous methodology and contributions because this is essential to ensure that the conclusions drawn from the journal\u27s publications are true and reliable. All articles provide interesting, novel and useful results covering different areas pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmaceutics, pharmacogenomics, pharmacology, natural product research, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, biotechnology, environmental sciences and genetic engineering. The newest studies dealing with biomedical applications are summarized in this issue of IJPIHS, with "new frontiers" playing a crucial role in this regard. Review articles and original research covering all facets of pharmaceutical and integrated health sciences, as well as cutting-edge protocols and techniques to assess healthcare professionals\u27 knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding various clinical issues, are among the contributions for this issue
YOGHURT: PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND NUTRITIONAL PROFILE
No full textPopular dairy product yoghurt is fermented with the potential of health-promoting characteristics. It is considered a nutrient-dense foodstuff enriched with calcium, providing bioavailable form. The essential amino acids required for optimal health are present in Yoghurt. It may also be a probiotic carrier that may transfer large probiotic bacteria into the body, providing unique health benefits. Milk proteins in yoghurt are of higher biological value. Yoghurt is also said to help with lactose tolerance, immunological boosting, and the prevention of gastrointestinal problems. Consumer demand for Yoghurt and its products has surged due to these well-known health benefits, and it has become the fastest-growing dairy industry. Yoghurts are available in various styles, differing in fat content, flavor profile, and texture, making them suited for multiple meal settings. The current review covers yoghurt history, varieties, processing technology, and the nutritional profile of Yoghurt
TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG INFERTILE WOMEN: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN A MULTI-CENTER STUDY: Iqra Javed, Ahmad Khan, Beenish Ashfaq, Tahir Mahmood Khan
No full textBackground: Throughout the globe, at least 70 million couples suffer from the infertility of class of current prevalence. The quality of life of the females is badly affected both socially, economically and more importantly mentally due to infertility.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life among infertile women.
Methodology: A prospective qualitative study was conducted to assess the quality of life of infertile women.
Results: 200 patients were interviewed using the questionnaire. The average results of emotional, mind/body (cognitive and physical), relational, social, environmental and tolerability are 68.97±15.358, 78.97±18.520, 50.98±8.968, 65.74±12.390, 58.79±9.054 and 76.72±21.136 respectively.
Conclusion: This shows that patients undergoing assisted reproductive were disturbed both mentally and physicall
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SALVADORA PERSICA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS TRADITIONAL USES – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: Ayesha Mustafa, Ahmed Umer Sohaib, Kainat Hafeez, Roheena Sohail, Iqra Saleem
No full textBackground: Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) also known as miswak, pelu, meethi jaal and kharijaal, is an ethno-medicinal plant which grows in Middle East, tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and Asia extending up to China and Japan.
Objectives: This study is designed to document a complete profile of the plant which is previously published.
Methodology: The articles published between the duration of 2002-2021 were reviewed with the help of different databases
Results: In traditional medicine, the stems, branches, leaves, seeds and roots of Salvadora persica are used for oral hygiene, as carminative, astringent, diuretic, analgesic, antitussive, against toothache, skin diseases, rheumatism, scurvy, piles, and hepatic disorders. It is an evergreen shrub that exhibits pharmacological effects such ashypoglycemic effects, anti-bacterial activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-ulcerogenic activity, anti-caries effect, hypo-cholestremia effect, anti-fungal activity and anti-depressant activity. There are various phytochemicals present in Salvadora persica which are biologically active. These phyto-constituents are volatile oils, piperidine derivatives, terpenoids, fixed oils, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and organic acids.The present review offers a detailed survey on literature highlighting the traditional, pharmacognostic and pharmacological uses of Salvadora persica.
Conclusion: The plant has many important therapeutic activities further research is needed to ensure safety and efficac
PRACTICE, ATTITUDE AND KNOWLEDGE OF CONTACT LENSE USERS AMONG LAHORE POPULATION: Asma Shah Rukh, Sarmad Frogh Arshad, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Usman Munir, Raafia Anjum, Sania Munir, Sonia Tariq
No full textBackground: The use of contact lens has seen exponential growth, most of the users are not aware about the post-exposure effects and complications that arises because of improper use.
Objectives: The main aim of the study is evaluation of knowledge of users and the concerning practices and hence creating awareness about proper use and consequences of improper usage.
Methodology: This study was conducted in Lahore region of Pakistan for a small population to assess regarding contact lenses use.
Results: A better knowledge was observed among subjects regarding complications associated with use of contact lens and lack of maintaining improper hygiene.
Conclusion: Upon provision of necessary training on proper use and reporting of complications adequately to concerned authorities will lead to better quality of lenses and better safety for users
ACCESS TO MEDICINE
No full textAvailability and access to the health care facility is a fundamental right of human, it is the timely used of services according to the needs. It is included in International treaties and is recognized by authorities and various Governments throughout the world. What does it means the access to medicine? According to WHO (World Health Organization) access to medicines is “having medicines continuously available and affordable at public or private health facilities or medicine outlets that are within one hour’s walk from the homes of the population”. The affordability and availability of medicines is directly related to the strength of health care system, but the high prices of the medicines, prevalence of Non-communicable diseases (diabetes, hypertension) and increasing demand of patients are the major obstacles in this regard. According to Forbes “at least 2 billion people don’t have access to medicines and 1 billion people live in extreme poverty (less than 2 per day which is quite disturbing situation”. The World Health Organization (WHO) analyzed the global production of pharmaceutical products and it was concluded that 15% of the world’s population consumes over 90% of them. And by World Health Organization it is also estimated that one-third of the developing world population is unable to receive or purchase essential medicine on a regular basis, especially those which are on high demand. The situation is even worst in the under-privileged countries like Africa and Asia, where approximately 50% of the total population does not have sufficient medicines access and healthcare resources and the remaining 50% are using medication incorrectly. However about 10 million lives a year could be saved out of which 4 million in Africa and South-East Asia alone, if we improve the availability, balanced distribution and rational use of medicines. The overall situation of global access to essential medicines is still considered critical. In the privileged countries the budget for healthcare facilities corresponds to 24-66% of National health expenses, which indicates that there is need to monitor the availability and affordability of medicines in these countries. National policies, economical cost of medicine and strategies of procurement are required to ensure the availability of medicines cost-effectively. The people with low income and in-equal health can’t afford costly services of healthcare system. The policies for the improvement of infrastructure, financing of medical system and the rational use of medicines are formulated and followed on primarily basis. And Governments need reliable information in order to evaluate the impact of policy implementation. In addition to the cost and availability of medicines, it is mandatory to assess the quality of use and various aspects, such as rational medicine use, adherence of patients and appropriate prescription practices. Thus the access to healthcare system can be made effective, by the assessment of practices in facilities like record reviews and National expert reports. That’s why we are providing healthcare facilities to each person with the help of balanced geographical distribution. The 2016 Index showed that there is moderate progress by the pharmaceutical industries to improve medicines access. Besides these Pharmaceutical industries should play their role to perk up the medicines access. There is not any particular strategy that suits all systems, but all systems need to promote the provision of new medicinal products, by ensuring medical advancement, improving communication barriers and affordable treatment. And a Reliable Health and Supply system must provide all aspects of health system like procurement, supply and regulation of the medicines
PREVELENCE OF SECONDARY HYPERTENSION & PRESCRIBING TRENDS IN POONCH DISTRICT: Maryam Khalid, Haider Ali Gillani, Anum Batool, Maria Amin, Kashif Mansha, Izharullah, Asif Mehmood, Sonia Tariq, Memona Khalid
No full textBackground: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the major causes of fetus and mother’s death. In pregnancy hypertension is of four categories preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension, preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension.
Objectives: This study aims to assess prevalence of secondary hypertension and prescribing trends in Poonch district.
Methodology: During the period of study in Poonch district data has been collected by lottery statistical method. Hypertension varies differently in different patients on basis of age, gender, life style.
Results: Total 150 patients were considered for essential or primary hypertension, among them 100 were hypertensive. For pregnancy induced hypertension 150 patients were taken and only 50 patients had a pregnancy induce hypertension. The drug of choice in pregnancy induces hypertension are methyl dopa, beta blocker, diuretic and ACE inhibitors. In uncontrolled condition combination therapy had been used. In diabetes mellitus induced hypertension, 150 patients were selected and 50 were those who had hypertension. In kidney disease only 15 patients had renal disease induce hypertension.
Conclusion: The study describes prescribing trends for secondary hypertension in district Poonch, Kashmir
RATIONAL USE OF 3rd GENERATION CEPHALOSPORINS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS: A CONCURRENT DUR: Syed Muhammad Ali, Mariam Busharat, Muhammad Arslan Anwer, Ayesha Siddiqa, Khizra Amir, Arshia Javaid
No full textBackground: Assessment of use of antimicrobials can be performed by evaluating their use. Drug use evaluation is a performance improvement method that concentrates on improvement and evaluation of drug use processes to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
Objective: The objective of this study was the evaluation of 3rd generation cephalosporins in tertiary care hospitals of Lahore.
Method: A concurrent cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 patient files selected using systematic random sampling method from in-patient prescriptions with 3rd generation cephalosporin during hospitalization in tertiary care hospitals. Descriptive statistics were applied by using IBM SPSS statistics version 28. Results: Out of the 200 patient file, 160 patient files have complete information of the prescribed drug. Among the 160 patients, 67(41%) were female and 93(58.1%) males. Among 160 patients, 141(88.1%) Ceftriaxone was most commonly prescribed drug followed by 14(8.8%) Cefoperazone (in combination with salbactam) the 5(3.1%) were given cefixime and in indications for drug being prescribed 103(64.5%) were found to be appropriate while 57(35.5%) were inappropriate. (Not according to the WHO criteria for prescribing the third-generation cephalosporin).
Conclusions: To improve the rational use of 3 rd generation cephalosporins and prevent the development of resistance; prescribers should adhere to the national standard treatment guideline