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Townships tourism resources and capabilities in King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Art in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021.The aim of this study was to identify township tourism resources and capabilities
within the study area King Cetshwayo District. Review of literature reveals that
township tourism is characterised by both endowed and created resources.
Endowed resources refer to cultural, natural and human resources such as socio demographic and socio-economic characteristics, skills and educational levels.
Whereas, created resources include infrastructure, events, product diversity,
packaging and support services. These resources have been used in many parts of
the world as stimulus for township tourism development as they are capable of
satisfying tourists‘ needs. However, tourists‘ satisfaction depends largely on the
typology of needs and/or purpose of travel. The objectives of the study were:
To identify township tourism resources that exist in the study area;
To assess the significance of township tourism resources within the study
area;
To determine the extent to which township tourism contributes toward socio economic development within the study area;
To examine the policies that regulate township tourism in the study area; and
To establish if township tourism resources have the potential for enhancing
tourism activities within the study area
A mixed method approach was used in this study during collection, analysis and
interpretation of data. The data were collected by means of survey questionnaires
consisting of both structured and unstructured questions. Quantitative data was
analysed by means of the Statistical Purposes Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS version. 26 software). The software enabled the researcher to run statistical
analysis from which tables, graphs and charts were generated to present the findings
based on the objectives of the study. Qualitative data was analysed using content
analysis where common treads were identified from the respondents‘ responses by
which their perceptions and views regarding issues under investigation were
determined. The data was thereafter interpreted to determine whether the findings
from analysis support or dispute the stance of the reviewed literature.
In line with the aim of the study and based on the findings of the analysis of data, the
study concluded that there are resources that can be used to stimulate township tourism activities within the study area. However, the study found that township
tourism resources do not contribute toward the socio-economic development of the
study area. The study also found that the existing tourism policies have not been
effective in facilitating township tourism and community participation in tourism
development processes within the study area. Against this backdrop coupled with
the identified problem, the study recommended increased community outreach and
consultation and that tourism policies should be contextualised. Finally, the study
suggested a future research that would focus mainly on tourists‘ and local business
people‘s views based on actual behaviour or participation rather than perceptions
Isakhiwo Samahlaya Nokunothisa Kwawo Ulimi Lwesizulu
Get PDFLwethulelwa Ukuphelelisa Izidingo ZeMasters in Isizulu Emnyangweni Wezilimi Zomdabu Namasiko Enyuvesi Yakwazulu.Lolu cwaningo luhlola isakhiwo samahlaya nokunothisa kwawo ulimi lwesiZulu. Kuzobhekwa indlela amahlaya akheke ngayo, izimpawu zolimi namasu asetshenziswayo ekwethulweni kwamahlaya. Lo msebenzi uzobheka kakhulu isakhiwo sangaphakathi samahlaya. Lo mqingo ufisa ukuphenya ngomthelela amahlaya aba nawo ekuthuthukeni kolimi. Lokhu kuzovela ngaphansi kwezindlela ezisetshenziswa osomahlaya ukwethula umsebenzi wabo, izimpawu zolimi, okuyikhona okuvamayo emahlayeni. Ulimi alukwazi ukungathinteki kulesi sihloko, amahlaya ethulwa ngolimi oluthile. Isahluko sokuqala: Isethulo socwaningo Isahluko sokuqala siqukethe isingeniso noma isethulo socwaningo, ukuchazwa kwamahlaya, izinhloso zocwaningo, inkuthazo yocwaningo, izindlela zokuqhuba ucwaningo, izinsizakuhlaziya, uhlaka lwangaphakathi lwamahlaya, umklamo wocwaningo, imibono yongoti, nokubaluleka nobumqoka bocwaningo. Isahluko sesibili: Ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo ngezifengqo, amahlaya nomsebenzi wawo. Bathini ongoti ngezifengqo emahlayeni? Baphawula bathini ngamahlaya? Bathini ngesakhiwo sawo? Ithini imicabango yabo? Kuthini ukugalela kwabo ngomsebenzi wamahlaya emhlabeni wonke jikelele? Isahluko sesithathu: Uhlaka Iwezinsizakuhlaziya Isahluko sesithathu siphethe izinsizakuhlaziya nezindlela zokwenza ucwaningo ezizosetshenziswa umcwaningi ocwaningweni lakhe. Ucwaningo luzosebenzisa insizakuhlaziya yokungavumelani, eyobutha, eyokukhulula, ejwayelekile yamahlaya ethulwa ngomlomo. Lezi nsizakuhlaziya izona ezizobamba elikhulu iqhaza ekuhlaziyeni amahlaya anhlobonhlobo athulwe ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kuzobhekwa ukuthuthuka kwamahlaya nesakhiwo sawo. v Isahluko sesine: Isakhiwo samahlaya Kuzobhekwa izizinda zamahlaya, isakhiwo samahlaya nolimi lwawo, ukweyisa, ukudlalisa amagama, ihaba, umbhuqo nombhinqo. Kuvezwa ulwazi ngesu lemidwebo ukucacisa izihlaziyo nokuqhubeka ocwaningweni. Isahluko sesihlanu: Izimpawu zolimi zokwethula ihlaya Ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zolimi okuyimpinda, iziphumuzo (ezinde nezimfushane), amagama okuhlela inkulumo, nokuguquguquka kwephimbo. Konke lokhu kuzobhekwa ukuthi kuletha ini entuthukweni yolimi lwesiZulu. Isahluko sesithupha: Isihlaziyo, iziphakamiso nesiphetho Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi wonke, kubekwe iziphakamiso lapho kudingeka khona bese kwephethwa ucwaningo. Kulesi sahluko kukhona isingeniso, ukubuyekezwa kwemibuzo, izimpendulo zemibuzo yocwaningo, isihlaziyo socwaningo, iziphakamiso nesiphetho socwaningo
A tech-centric border as a strategy in managing illegal cross border migration and cross border crime in South Africa with special focus on the Kosi Bay and Golela border posts.
No full textA thesis submitted in fulfillment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Administration in the department of Public Administration in the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Administration, University of Zululand, 2020.South Africa’s Kosi Bay and Golela Border posts, just like other land border posts in South Africa, have continued to suffer from increasing volumes of illegal migration and cross-border crime. Globally, trends in managing similar challenges include the introduction of tech-centric borders (technology/surveillance in borders). A sample of 15 experts who have researched extensively on migration and border security in South Africa and beyond was used to investigate whether techcentric borders were feasible and necessary for the two borders and if this would amount to border securitisation and militarization. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were used to collect data and thematic content analysis was done on Nvivo 12 as part of data analysis. The first theme identified the benefits and need for tech-centric borders including crime, corruption detection and prevention as well as increased human resources efficiency. The second theme centred on challenges in implementing smart border technologies, namely financial and resources challenges, technology-related challenges and notions of community relations among Africans. The third theme was border management issues related to illegal migration and cross border crime. These include logistics, corruption and policy management. The fourth theme was the need to address the roots of illegal migration vis-à-vis cross border crime as against focusing on border securitization as all-encompassing solutions. The study recommends an integrated framework that includes not only the implementation of a tech-centric border but also resolving internal weaknesses in border control entities (corrupt behaviour, low staff commitment, limited knowledge on immigration policies and misaligned immigration policies). The framework also addresses geopolitical, economic and trade imbalances as root causes of illegal migration and cross-border crimes and recommends increased collaboration between South Africa and regional bodies in immigration management and cross-border crime prevention.National Research Foundatio
Challenges teachers face when teaching grade 4 English first additional language (FAL) reading in rural schools of the Dzindi circuit in the Vhembe district
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Department of English in fulfillment of the Requirements for a Master of Arts in the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zululand, 2021.English is the medium of instruction for most of the learners in primary schools in Vhembe District. Therefore, the ability to read is an indispensable foundation for all learning. Failure by learners to understand either concepts in lessons or questions in assessments, because of English poor reading skills, impacts on learner performance in other subjects. However, teaching reading is a major challenge in South African rural public schools today. A considerable number of schools in the Vhembe District have teachers experiencing such challenges. While the Department of Basic Education (DBE) is attempting to intervene in these schools to address this problem, the interventions and turnaround strategies have not been sustainable. In schools where interventions and turnaround strategies are provided, such interventions have been short-lived and were not sustainable. The aim of the study was to investigate challenges teachers face when teaching Grade 4 English First Additional Language reading (FAL) in rural schools of Dzindi Circuit in Vhembe District toestablish strategies to overcome those challenges. This study used a quantitative research design in which questionnaires and observation were used for data collection as a result quantitative approach was used. The sampling method used was probability where simple random sampling procedure was followed to select a sample of 20 respondents who completed questionnaires for quantitative method and 5 teachers were observed. Quantitative data was collected using questionnaires and structured observation schedules in this study. The DBE should take advantage of the high qualifications and vast experience held by most teachers in rural schools and empower such teachers through workshops on reading English FAL. It is recommended that teachers in rural schools must not be complacent about teacher-learner ratios that have become much lower, compared to the past, but should aim at the recommended ratio, that promotes individual attention to learners. Teachers in rural schools, most of whom are natives, are aware of words in their home language, that have the potential of interfering with words to be read by learners in English FAL. Special classes meant to focus on such words are crucial for learners to be alerted of such interference. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 25 (IBM SPSS statistics). Theoretical framework used theories of reading which are: the bottom-up approach to reading called phonics, the cognitive view (top-down processing), constructivism and the metacognitive view
Umkhosi weLembe as a potential tourism promotion strategy in KwaDukuza, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021UMkhosi weLembe is the popular cultural event both in KwaDukuza Local Municipality
and the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Despite, there is paucity of literature on the
strategies and their effectiveness in promoting and sustaining uMkhosi weLembe.
Having identified this literary gap, the present study was aimed at establishing the
potential of the uMkhosi weLembe event, which is a cultural and community initiative,
for promoting tourism in KwaDukuza. The researcher viewed cultural events as
potential strategy for the promotion of tourism to be predicated upon the social
exchange theory based on its theoretical perspective and alignment. A mixed methods
approach was followed for the collection and analysis of the data. Quantitative data
were collected by means of a survey questionnaire and the responses were analysed
using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version. 27 software).
The software enabled the researcher to run statistical analysis to test the reliability of
the survey questionnaire and to generate frequency tables, graphs, and charts to
present the data and discuss the findings based on the objectives of the study.
Qualitative data were collected by means of interviews using an interview schedule
and the data were analysed by means of content analysis. This method enabled the
researcher to identify common trends in the responses and the respondents’
perceptions and views regarding the topic under investigation could thus be
determined so that valid conclusions could be drawn. The results that emerged from
the data analysis process were then interpreted to make meaning of the participants’
views regarding issues related to the chosen topic.
The first objective of the study was to establish if there were strategies in place that
promote tourism through the UMkhosi weLembe event in KwaDukuza. The study
revealed that various strategies had been introduced by means of the uMkhosi
weLembe initiative to promote tourism in the study area. However, the community in
the study area was unaware of the strategies, which made the potential for their
sustainability to remain questionable. The second object of the study was to establish
if existing policies effectively guided tourism promotion in KwaDukuza. It was found
that various policies guided tourism promotion in the KwaDukuza Local Municipality.
Notwithstanding, the study suggests that those who are part of planning, organising,
and implementing tourism policies need to conduct regular monitoring and evaluation
campaigns or surveys to assess the effectiveness of these policies on the intended
audience. The third objective of the study was to examine the factors that might enable
the uMkhosi weLembe event to become a viable tourism promotion strategy in
KwaDukuza. It is suggested that the KwaDukuza Municipality has great potential for
attracting both international and domestic tourists due to its amenities and attractions.
It also transpired that safety protocols were observed during the uMkhosi weLembe
festivities, particularly as police officers’ visibility and the warm hospitability of the
inhabitants of the study area were noted. The fourth objective of the study was to
explore the local community’s perceptions of the uMkhosi weLembe event in the
KwaDukuza. It was apparent that the local community of KwaDukuza had a positive
attitude towards the uMkhosi weLembe event. The study found that the local
community and community leaders attended uMkhosi weLembe and that local
businesses benefited from the event. It was evident that community leaders
participated actively in uMkhosi weLembe planning and management processes on
behalf of the community. However, a problem that was identified was that these
community leaders did not share their insights and plans with the inhabitants they
represented. It was clear that uMkhosi weLembe was perceived by the community as
a sacred traditional and cultural event and that it has the potential to become a
powerful strategy for tourism promotion in KwaDukuza as it attracts visitors from
various areas. Attendees of the uMkhosi weLembe event seemed to be attracted
mainly by its cultural appeal as visual displays and live performances evoked a sense
of belonging and cultural pride. However, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating
impact on the event and this limited the thickness of the data that could be generated.
The study concluded that the uMkhosi weLembe event has the potential to become a
viable strategy for promoting tourism in KwaDukuza. However, when the theoretical
underpinning of the study is taken into consideration, the low level of community
awareness of the strategies and policies in place to promote uMkhosi weLembe
compels the recommendation that community outreach campaigns should be
launched to assess the concerns of community members regarding uMkhosi
weLembe and to address their recommendations. Clearly, the effectiveness of existing
policies should be enhanced as only then will the intended purposes of this cultural
initiative be achieved
Pre-service primary teachers' cognition of MTK for Euclidean geometric patterns and its effects in classroom practice
Get PDFA dissertation submitted to the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in fulfilment of the Requirements for a Master of Education in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2021.This study investigates the mathematical knowledge for teaching Euclidean geometric
patterns held by pre-service primary school mathematics teachers during their final year of
study. This investigation was intended to establish the cognition of the pre-service teachers
on MKT for geometric patterns and its effect in classroom practice. The literature on teacher
knowledge alludes to the fact that many teachers exit university with limited knowledge for
teaching mathematics. This study seeks to determine the pre-service teachers‘ mathematical
knowledge for teaching (MKT) geometric patterns. Using a mixed methods design, the study
investigated the applicability of the LMT measures in Eswatini, the cognition of pre-service
teachers on geometric patterns and the effect of this cognition on classroom practice. The
MKT framework underpinned the study in data collection and data analysis. Data analysed
to respond to the three research questions was collected through a pilot study, pen-andpaper
cognition test and lesson observations. The study was conducted in two phases. The
first phase investigates the applicability of the LMT measures in Eswatini, through a pilot
study, and determines the cognition of the pre-service teachers on geometric patterns. The
pilot study involved 34 pre-service primary school mathematics teachers who were given the
LMT measures in the form of a pen-and-paper cognition test. The data from the pilot study
was statistically analysed to adapt the measures to the local context and to establish their
applicability in Eswatini. The results indicated that the difficulty index of the measures was
higher for the Eswatini pre-service teachers than it was reported for the USA teachers.
Hence, the measures are only valid in identifying teachers with high levels of MKT in
Eswatini. To determine the cognition of the pre-service teachers on geometric patterns, the
adapted measures were administered to a sample of 94 (n=94) final year pre-service
primary school mathematics teachers registered for a Primary Teachers Diploma
programme. The study revealed that the pre-service teachers' cognition of Euclidean
geometric patterns was varied, with most teachers having low levels of mathematical
knowledge for teaching (Mean = 45%, SD = 17). The second phase of the study investigates
the effect of the pre-service teachers‘ cognition on geometric patterns in classroom practice.
Data was collected through classroom observations, which were video-recorded, of lessons
on geometric patterns conducted by three stratified sampled teachers. The classroom
observation videos were analysed using the Assessing Quality of Instruction in Primary
Mathematics (AQIPM) framework. The results showed that there was a positive correlation
between the pre-service teachers' level of mathematical knowledge for teaching and their
quality of mathematics lessons (r = .99, p < .05). These results indicate that teacher
development of mathematical knowledge for teaching in pre-service teachers. Further study
is recommended in this area to help develop a teaching model that will facilitate the
acquisition of mathematical knowledge for teaching in teacher education institutions
Effects of dehydration, hyperthermia, cognition aspects and fatigue balance on sport performance
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in the Department of Human Movement and Biokinetic Sports Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021This dissertation presents two studies. The first is a systematic review, aimed at
investigating the effects of hypohydration and fluid balance on athlete’s cognitive
function. PubMed, Sports Discuss, and Ebsco databases from 2005 to 2020 were
searched for studies reporting on hypohydration, fluid balance, and heat on cognitive
performance in sport. Search phrases included hydration, dehydration, fluid balance,
mood, cognition, vigilance, decision-making, and brain. Participants in the studies
received either fluid or none during exercise. Twenty-four trials (n=493 participants)
from 24 articles met the inclusion criteria. Significant hypohydration, >2% body mass
loss was reported consistently in 16 publications. Five articles reported that
hypohydration was associated with heat stress and that limited fluid intake (3-5% body
mass loss) impaired cognitive performance. Mood disturbance, fatigue, and ratings of
perceived exertion constantly complemented hypohydration impairment on cognition.
The second study examined the effects of exercise heat-stress, hyperthermia,
dehydration, and fatigue on cognitive performances in semi-professional athletes.
Eighteen healthy, active male athletes from individual and team sports who met the
following criteria were chosen to participate in the study: age (25 ± 5) years, weight
(69.3±6.6) kg; height (172.5±7.8) cm, BMI (23.2±0.9) kg/m² and body fat % (9.2±1.8).
Participants completed a cognitive and mood test battery prior, immediately after, and
post 120 minutes of treadmill exercise. A soccer-specific intermittent treadmill exercise
protocol was completed in four experimental trials in temperate (normothermic) and hot
(hyperthermic) conditions. Participants were hydrated and dehydrated in both
conditions. Trial conditions were normothermic 16.4±0.02°C and 52±1% relative
humidity, while hyperthermic 33.9±0.3°C and 61±1% relative humidity. Response times
for the Stroop effect and Visual search tasks were quicker (584 to 690ms, p=0.001;
1978 to 2213 ms, p=0.003) in the heat. Cognitive tasks showed that reaction time,
visual process, motor speed, and mood were similar in normothermic (p=0.001).
ii
Accuracy improved in hydrated hyperthermic by 1.2% (p=0.002) in Visual search. Total
Mood Disturbance was significant in heat (p<0.001). Hydration status had no main
effect in all cognition performance markers except for mood.
Exercise-heat stress, hyperthermia, dehydration, and hypohydration impaired cognitive
performance and mood at higher levels of 3-5% body mass loss. The response times
and accuracy improved following the cognitive testing in semi-professional athletes
exercising in relatively humid, hot conditions. Athletic and cognitive performances were
relatively affected by hypohydration, which can indicate an athlete’s hydration status
needs to be closely monitored during exercise.
The findings of this study obtained from Eswatini individual and team sport athletes
support that maintaining normal hydration has low physiological strain on athletic and
cognitive performanc
Strategic planning for effective talent management and employee retention in the Newcastle Local Municipality
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Administration, and Law in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Administration in the Department of Public Administration at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021This study attempted to investigate talent management strategies, effective for
retaining talented and potential employees, which will have a positive contribution to
the success and development of public sector institutions. The researcher’s interest in
the study was aroused by the poor state of existing talent strategies as well as the
retention strategies which have led to ineffective talent and high employee turnover.
The researcher has consistently observed the failure of the municipality to influence
talent management and employee retention in such a manner that it adds value and
help with smooth day-to- day operations. The aim was to add novel information to the
body of knowledge. The study purpose was to improve human-resource strategic
plans (HRSP) for effective talent management; to ensure retaining of potential
employees; to ensure that alternative measures are considered to keep the
performance of all employees optimal, leading to the prioritisation of the transformation
of South African public service. For the realisation of the aim, purpose. and objectives
of this study, a qualitative research method was adopted. The qualitative approach is
the best method since the study pursues people’s insights, opinions, views, and
attitudes regarding strategic planning to be employed for effective talent management,
assisting the organisation in retaining potential employees. A semi-structured
questionnaire with predetermined closed and open-ended questions was employed.
This generated insights into the Newcastle Local Municipality about their strategies for
talent management with alternative strategies to retain talented employees. An
interview is another device to be employed to acquire an improved perspective, and
knowledge concerning the municipality’s prepared strategies.
The findings from this study have revealed that the municipality does not concentrate
more on its incentives and rewards strategy which are the most important elements
that control employee behaviour. the study also shows that the municipality lack
coherent talent strategies and retention strategies. For these strategies to work in
favour of the organisation, they should be integrated and aligned with the overall
organisational goal and objectives
The impact of household poverty trap on learners’ academic performance in Nongoma secondary schools in the Zululand district
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Human and Social Science at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021The study critically examined the impact of the household poverty trap on learners’
academic performance in nongoma secondary schools in the Zululand District. The
researcher explored the relationships that defined the overlaps between the needs of
the learners in the classroom and the household needs and goals. Thus, the impacts
on the learning needs and academic success of the learner on the social and economic
status of the family became evident. The research engaged the ecological theory of
Urie Bronfenbrenner as a theoretical lens to understand the phenomenon. The study
aimed at exploring the socio-economic views of household poverty on high school
learners in Nongoma, where poverty tends to predominate due to the rurality of the
Nongoma communities. The results of this study indicate that the majority of rural
Nongoma learners cannot afford their emotional, physical, moral, social, and academic
achievements even to the fundamental needs of people required for learning. A mixed method research design was adopted to collect primary data with selected participants
within the study area. The collected data on the impact of household poverty trap on
learners’ academic performance in Nongoma Secondary schools in the Zululand
District were analyzed thematically. This study also found that the performance of
academic students affected by financial constraints, poor health due to lack of good
food, violence, child abuse, and prostitution, long-term stigma and stereotyping, school
dropouts and absenteeism from school, is poor. This study recommends rural
development policies, income and wealth distribution policies to close the gap between
rich and poor, feeding in every school, particularly in rural schools and adequate
learning aid for the provision of laboratories, computers and teaching pedagogy in rural
schools. The study recommends also that the microsystem of schools and families, the
meso- and exosystem of the community and macro-systems resolve the issue. All
stakeholders need to work together to encourage learners to embrace education by
providing them with all necessary enabling support to lose household poverty traps on
the
Identifying risk management strategies of small, medium and micro enterprises in retail and manufacturing industries in Umhlathuze Municipality
Get PDFA dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of Master of Commerce in the Department of Business Management in Faculty of Commerce, Administration and Law in the, University of Zululand, 2021.Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises are usually seen as an important tool for improving living standard. Considering the importance of SMMEs to economic growth, job creation and poverty alleviation, there is a need to train small business owners and managers and to expose them to risk management strategies that will promote businesses and reduce high failure rate. SMMEs are lacking when it comes to risk management knowledge and skills, which contributes to their high failure rate. In addition, South African education system is lacking when it comes to educating and training SMMEs on how to run their businesses successfully, especially exposing small business to risk management strategies for them to be able to respond to different kinds of risks.
Given this background, this study sought to identify risks management strategies for SMMEs in retail and manufacturing industry focusing on uMhlathuze Municipality. The researcher used primary data for this study. The study adopted a qualitative method approach where data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select 12 SMMEs of uMhlathuze Municipality: 6 from the manufacturing and 6 from the retail industry. Data collected from the participants was coded and analysed using themes and content analyses. The results from the study showed that the risks faced by SMMEs negatively impact daily activities of small businesses and it also results in poor performance on SMMEs. Such risks include financial risk, resource risk, credit risk, reputation risk, inflation risk, and corona virus. Therefore, there is a need to assist SMMEs and improve their growth, as it was found that the strategies, they used to be inadequate in mitigating the identified risks. Whilst all SMMEs involved in this study reported to be faced with risks, not all of them had specific risk management strategies in place to deal with such.
However, it was found that among the risk’s management strategies used by some SMMEs to fight risks are publicity and re-organizing. Use of private security, alerting customers about the price increase to ensure that they don’t get a shock or prices when purchases, insisting on deposit payments and sticking to cash transactions were some of the strategies used. Fewer SMMEs have insurance for their assets. Additionally, some of the selected SMMEs attribute their survival to getting sponsorship from government and private sector, and access to credit markets through short term loans. Sequel to the findings of the study, it is recommended that SMMEs should be given more assistance in education and training in terms of the different kinds of risks they are facing. lso, they need to be assisted with proper and quality strategies capable of keeping businesses protected and secured from risks, that will reduce risks