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An exploration of livelihoods strategy of Ghanaian migrants in the King Cetshwayo district of Kwazulu-Natal
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Development studies at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021.Background: After the demise of apartheid and ushering in a new democratic government in
1994, South Africa saw migrants from different parts of world to South Africa descend to its
shores in increased numbers. Moreover, available literature lump migrants together, and
creates impression that most migrants in South Africa are from the SADC sub-region.
Though, suggested that the surrounding countries tend to populate a particular endowed
country, pockets of other distant countries are also found in such endowed country (Massey,
2015). The silent on the presence of other Sub-Saharan countries apart from SADC in South
Africa and their livelihoods strategies in existing literature prompted the journey of this
research.
Aim: The study highlights the livelihoods strategies of Ghanaian migrants in the King
Cetshwayo District of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods: Mixed methods, which comprises quantitative and qualitative approaches was
employed to collect data. A questionnaire and semi-structured interview tools were used to
complement each other’s weaknesses and present a very strong argument. Fifty (50)
participants were earmarked for this study. Yet, only forty (40) of them returned the
questionnaire. For the qualitative part of this study, five (5) respondents were earmarked for
the semi-structured interviews. Only three honoured the interviews and two (2) declined.
Results: The study revealed that the Ghanaian migrants in the King Cetshwayo District,
came to South Africa as a result of push factors such as, lack of employment, environmental
factors as well as pull factors like high wages, infrastructural development, and non economic reasons like joining their families and friends. On their livelihoods strategies,
measures such as buying fewer items during financial crisis, walking instead of taking taxi
and renting rooms in the township to avoid expensive rent in suburbs were adopted. Then
again, contributions such as sending housekeeping money, material items like clothes and cell
phones, funeral donations and educational materials are usually sent back home to Ghana.
The challenges identified were difficult to find employment opportunities in the public sector,
name tagging by locals and how costly their local food such as yam, gari, palm nut oil and
dried fish are.
Conclusion: Overall, irrespective of challenges and name tags by the locals, the migrants are
happy and live together with indigenes. The study found that there is an inter-marriage
between the migrants and the locals. Moreover, the locals patronise businesses of the
migrants.
Key words: Ghanaian Migrants, Economic Reasons, Livelihoods Strategies, Indigenes, King
Cetshwayo Distric
The strategies used by the University of Zululand for documenting, disseminating and accessing indigenous knowledge
No full textDissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in accordance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Library and Information Science in the Department of Library and Information Studies, at the University of Zululand, 2021.Indigenous knowledge is a type of knowledge that is specific to a community and was developed for the survival of rural communities. The study's goal was to investigate and assess the University of Zululand's practices for documenting, sharing, and accessing indigenous knowledge. Five (5) research objectives led the study: to determine how IK is developed at the University of Zululand; to determine how IK is documented at the University of Zululand; to
determine how IK is accessed or shared, both internally and externally, at the researched institution; to determine the obstacles that IK faces at the University of Zululand; and to provide a strategy for IK development at the University of Zululand. The research was guided by Nonaka's (1994) SECI model which depicts four key elements, which are: socialisation, internalisation, combination and externalisation. The study adopted both interpretivist and positivist research paradigms. Ultimately, qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. The qualitative research approach was used to collect data from academic and non-academic staff members. Interviews were conducted with 18 academic staff members and 5 with support staff members. An in-depth literature review, interviews and document analysis formed part of the qualitative content analysis. The quantitative research approach was used to collect data from IK theses and dissertations from UNIZULU Institutional Repository between 2009-2019.
The results of the study revealed that many departments and faculties across the University of Zululand were involved in the creation of IK-related content. The Faculty of Arts, more especially the department of African Languages, was noted to be more involved in the creation of IK related content. Additionally, the most involved academic in the creation of IK-related
content was identified within the Department of African languages. Noticeably, IsiZulu was the most widely used term in theses and dissertations. The documentation of the content related to IK in the university of Zululand is done frequently, but is not readily known. It was found that the creation and documentation of indigenous knowledge by different departments faced a number of challenges. The common challenges relate to a lack of interest among IK owners in sharing their knowledge, the local language as a barrier, a shortage of proper tools for recording and capturing IK. This study contributes to current literature and discourse on indigenous knowledge systems and its documentation; interrogates the applicability of knowledge creation theory and models to IK research; adds fresh data, information, and knowledge on IK research, particularly in South Africa; and proposes practical solutions on the documentation and application for IK development. One of the study recommendations is the need for IKS policy to be in place at the University of Zululand. The study was limited to the University of Zululand only, yet a study of this nature needs to be conducted across the province of KwaZulu-Natal. The study will be of great use to academics, researchers, students, all departments in the University of Zululand and in South Africa. The full thesis is available in the University of Zululand Institutional Repository and other publications from the thesis
The relations between Zulu King Cetshwayo and the British Authority at Port Natal 1872-1882
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021.British High Commissioner in South Africa, Sir Bartle Frere (1877-80), said the history of
the Zulu King Cetshwayo ka Mpande (1872-9) was ' written in characters of blood.’ He
described the Zulu king as an "irresponsible, bloodthirsty despot, bloodthirsty and
aggressive despot, ignorant and bloodthirsty despot" and as a "ruthless savage". He
referred to his grinding despotism, his faithless, cruel character, atrocious barbarities,
power of murder and plunder, murders and massacres and his cruelty and treachery. He
alluded that King Cetshwayo's aim was to emulate the sanguinary fame of his uncle
Chaka (Shaka), in shedding blood, to resume the most sanguinary of his predecessors'
practices and to break loose from all restraint and to re- establish the regime of Chaka's
unmitigated barbarism. This study sought to examine, in more systematic detail than what
has been done in recent times, the evidence for and against the contemporary charge
that King Cetshwayo was a cruel tyrant and his relations with the British authorities
culminating in the 1879 conflict. Moreover, Sir Bartle Frere had a strong interest in
discrediting King Cetshwayo, and this in itself should lead one to treat his allegations with
great caution. Frere was a distinguished former Indian civil servant selected by the
Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Carnarvon, to carry out his scheme of South
African confederation. With the wisdom of hindsight, it could be argued that this was a
hopeless task, but Frere was determined to succeed, and obstacles only made him more
determined. He soon decided that the Zulu kingdom was the main obstacle to success.
An independent African kingdom in which the young men were required to serve the king
in a military capacity and were not permitted to work for wages for white employers was
entirely incompatible with the confederated state which Frere was endeavouring to
construct. This and other findings within the search of literature led the research to
investigate the phenomenon under investigation. Using Conflict and Great man theory,
the study will look at the Zulu Kingdom under King Cesthwayo leading to the war of 1879.
A qualitative research approach was adopted and the study relied on secondary sources.
Interviews and archival sources were primary tools. The study finds that both the British
and Zulus had responsibility in the eminent war of 1879.It brings forward that the British
invaded Zululand.National Research Foundatio
The potentials of rural tourism in the communities around Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021.Rural development remains an important matter to developing countries, particularly those with large rural communities with little economic activity, such as South Africa. Rural tourism has the potential to be a driver of economic development in the majority of rural areas. Rural tourism benefits the rural or local communities, which otherwise normally depends either on farming or on low-quality jobs, as well as on their revenues. Rural tourism includes a number of activities, services and amenities provided by farmers and rural people to attract tourists to their areas to generate additional income. This type of tourism has a potential to maintain a balanced and healthy economy by creating tourism-related jobs, revenues, and taxes, all while protecting and improving the destination's sociocultural, historical, natural, and built resources. This study, therefore aimed at assessing the potentials of rural tourism in the communities around Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park (HiP), which is situated in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This study adopted a qualitative research method that hinges on the explorative and interpretive paradigms. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with the participants using interview and focus group guides. The total number of the participants were forty-four (44), where a total number of 20 semi-structured interviews with Hluhluwe iMfolozi Park management staff and owners/managers of tourism businesses were conducted; and three focus group discussions were made with eight (8) participants in each group (8 x 3 = 24). A method of data analysis called content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data (interviews and focus groups) collected from this study. According to the study, HiP and the surrounding communities were found with potential for rural tourism development due to their untouched natural beauty, rich wildlife species, and major cultural and historical features that attract a large number of tourists. Similarly, SWOT analysis was also performed to determine whether HiP and surrounding communities have potentials for rural tourism. The study revealed lots of strengths and opportunities, which could serve as platform for rural tourism development, however the management of weaknesses and threats is essential for success. The study recommends that there should be leadership commitment in driving the process of rural tourism development through capacity building: to train local residents, to assist in the development of business plans and the acquiring of funds to start their own businesses. The study also recommends that there should be an identification and the use of rural offerings as part of rural tourism products and services
Malaria education provided by midwives and nurses to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Tarkwa Nsuaem municipal assembly, Western region, Ghana
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Nursing, in the Department of Nursing Science at the University of Zululand, 2021It is estimated that about 3.4 billion people living in 92 countries of the world are at risk of malaria infection. In 2018, WHO Africa Region accounted for 93% of global malaria cases and 94% of malaria deaths. Pregnant women in these malaria prone countries are more likely to get infected with malaria, suffer severe complications and unfortunately die from the disease, than any other group of people. In Sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana, health education forms an integral part of the methods used in the implementation of malaria control interventions. This research therefore sought to discover the malaria education midwives and nurses provide to pregnant women attending antenatal clinics within Tarkwa Nsuaem Municipal Assembly in Ghana. A cross sectional descriptive quantitative research design was used with a sample size of 356 participants using stratified random sampling method. TNMA was divided into two (2) zones and two (2) health facilities with the highest antenatal attendance were selected purposively. Pregnant women from these health facilities who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. These pregnant women completed a self-completion questionnaire after signing the consent form. The data collected were analysed using SPSS 16.0. Most (95.8%) of the pregnant women had heard of malaria through Home/family members, Hospital/antenatal clinics, and Television as their top three sources of malaria education. The respondents’ malaria knowledge was high. The malaria health education is provided anytime they visit the antenatal clinic and includes their husbands and partners. Topics covered in the education were causes, symptoms, diagnosis, first aid, treatment, and prevention of Malaria. It is recommended that learning aids especially pictures and videos should be used during the education to make it exciting. Also, husbands and partners should be involved in the education to improve compliance to malaria education
Inflation and unemployment in the South African democratic era: is there any trade-off
Get PDFA dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Commerce in the Department of Economics, Faculty of Commerce, Administration and Law, at the University of Zululand, 2020.Achieving and maintaining price stability as well as the creation of sustainable employment are two of the most emphasized objectives of the South Africa Reserve Bank. South Africa has consistently suffered double-digit unemployment rates and unstable price levels, with a resultant stifling of economic growth rates. As a result of these continuous economic issues, South Africa’s central bank policymakers have come under scrutiny regarding the adopted policy framework, which seems to be failing the economy with the growing unemployment rate and overall price level increments to prevail and triggering worsened standards of living for citizens. In an attempt to close the gap in the existing literature, this study examines the inflation unemployment in democratic South Africa.
This is achieved through examining the applicability of both the Phillips Curve and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve to determine whether these macroeconomic theories can be adopted in the fight against these economic issues facing South Africa. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag modelling technique is adopted by this study, where quarterly data spanning from 1994Q1 to 2019Q4 is analysed. Findings dismiss the existence of both the Phillips Curve and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve in South Africa. A recommendation to policymakers would be to focus less on inflation targeting, as it was discovered to have a small influence over the unemployment rate. Rather, given the finding that GDP was positively related to inflation, allowing inflation to move more freely could enable a stable economic growth that has the potential of reducing unemployment. This study further recommends that the SARB bank should for targeting output instead
Indigenization of the music curriculum through Maskandi as a learning programme in two selected South African universities
No full textA thesis submitted in fulfillment of the academic requirements for the degree of Doctor of Arts in the Department ofAfrican Languages and Culture in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2021.Student population in most African universities is predominantly black Africans, but the curricula at most of these universities is still dominated by Western epistemologies and knowledge instead of being dealt with in combination with indigenous knowledge. This study aimed to investigate and suggest an alternative way in which indigenous musical arts can have equal value as Western music by incorporating local styles and tradition such as Maskandi as a learning programme. Indigenizing the music curricula has the benefit of moving indigenous musical arts from the periphery and also contributing positively towards preserving, documenting and promoting heritage of the marginalized communities in South Africa.
This qualitative study suggests indigenization of the music curriculum by adding Maskanda as a learning program. This study selected two South African universities to investigate the dominance of Eurocentric world view in music education. The study used Ethnomusicology and Constructivism as theoretical frameworks which underpin the study. Interpretivist paradigm was adopted as an appropriate paradigm for the study. Data was solicited through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations. Participants in the study included Music education teachers from both selected universities and Maskanda musicians selected from rural communities.
The study revealed that although indigenization has been endorsed by the Department of Higher Education and Training, implementation has been poor because of various reasons such as shortage of resources, inadequate Afrocentric theories and pedagogies and a long history of Eurocentric indoctrination. The study suggested that the involvement of Maskanda musicians can contribute positively in minimizing shortage of human resources. The study recommended that more work be done to explore appropriate Afrocentric pedagogies for teaching and learning of African musical arts at tertiary level
Code switching in contemporary isiZulu performance poetry
Get PDFCode switching in contemporary isiZulu performance poetryRecent developments in isiZulu poetry have been marked by an emergence of performance poets whose poems have gained popularity with younger audiences. A constant feature in contemporary isiZulu poetry is a conscious deviation from adherence to rigid structural and formal linguistic requirements. Contemporary isiZulu poetry is also characterized by a shift from textual to performance-specific conventions that cater for radio, theatre, social-media platforms and so forth, and is more accommodative of linguistic dynamics that shape the current generation of artists and audiences. While contemporary isiZulu performance is a rather more recent innovation, it still owes its roots to oral poetry traditions and has evolved from literary art forms that were committed to memory and performed during family gatherings and communal events. This article explores code switching in contemporary isiZulu performance poetry and argues for appreciation of this phenomenon for its aesthetic appeal rather than as infringement on long-held attitudes about purity of artistic linguistic expressions. Hyme’s Ethno-poetic Theory will inform analysis of selected poems in this article. Ethno-poetic Theory focuses, amongst others, on how a performance displays literary qualities
Investigating the effectiveness of South African monitoring and evaluation tools in sustainable development policies.
No full textA thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Administration and Law in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Public Administration in the Department of Public Administration at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2021.The study discussed the status for monitoring and evaluation South African public policies
in-line with sustainable development. Policy is defined as a statement of intent and a
government’s framework that guides actions to operationalise a vision or decision. In
1995, the White Paper on transformation in the public service introduced the concept of
monitoring and evaluation that focused on national and provincial departments, with the
aim of improving the quality, quantity, and equity in the provision of public services.
Drawing influence from global to national policy frameworks put in place and the need for
effectiveness of the policies in South Africa, research shows that for the government to
achieve sustainable development, the adoption of effective monitoring and evaluation
systems is key. This study is a qualitative study, utilised a systematic review of existing
literature, that was available in both public and private domains. The methodological
design allowed the researcher to explore existing data on a well-articulated topic of a
systematic enquiry with clearly set objectives. The study finds that South African
government is not employing monitoring and evaluation results to its maximum potential,
the government rather carried out monitoring and evaluation activities in compliance with
the legislative requirements. The study concluded that if sustainable development is to
be realised then a change in approach and practice is a must
Challenges facing teachers in teaching quadratic functions in grade 11 mathematics in Luvuvhu circuit schools
No full textA dissertation submitted to the Department of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in fulfillment of the Requirements for a Master of Education in the Faculty of Education at the University of Zululand, 2021.Quadratic functions are highly valued at Grade 11 Mathematics level. They help learners understand arithmetical, algebraic, and statistical concepts. However, learners seem to find quadratic functions difficult and have become a worry to those who teach Mathematics. This has led to parents and the government worrying about our learners’ general performance in Mathematics. The Mathematics Senior Examiner’s Reports regarding the National Senior Certificate (NCS) Examinations always indicate that learners perform poorly in this aspect of the Mathematics paper. Considerable challenges associated with teaching Quadratic Mathematics Functions at Grade 11 level in the Luvuvhu Circuit persist even today. This study aimed at establishing the challenges associated with teaching Quadratic Functions at Grade 11 Mathematics level in the Luvuvhu Circuit’s Schools. It followed the quantitative research methodology and the quantitative research design to explore the challenges faced in the teaching of quadratic functions in Mathematics at the Luvuvhu Circuit’s secondary schools. The IBM - SPSS version 25 was employed in analysing data. This study found that teachers face insurmountable challenges in teaching Mathematics’ Quadratic Functions at Grade 11 level. It also found that learners’ negative attitude towards Quadratic Functions is the biggest challenge. In addition, teachers’ failure to vary their teaching methods, thereby failing to cater to other learners who are not comfortable learning through certain methods was are another notable challenge here. The study concludes that the process of teaching and learning in Mathematics in the Luvuvhu Circuit is dominated by challenges that tend to bog-down lesson deliveries. As a result, little attention is given to the learners’ needs and expectations. It recommends that teachers should be inserviced in order to acquire challenge-solving skills in teaching quadratic functions