HFTor - HfT Open Repository (Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart)
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Noise sensors - Part 1: Usage for the redesign of neighbourhoods
No full textAn interdisciplinary research project at the Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences with participation of the departments of urban planning, surveying and geoinformatics, business psychology and acoustics, present alternative urban scenarios. Different aspects for the redesign of the district, especially measures to reduce the individual motorised transport, were investigated. Virtual reality and augmented reality experiments are used in public spaces, to show redesign possibilities. Surveys of people, who had the experience of the future scenarios via the AR application and VR application, were carried out. Additionally, acoustical surveys and measurements in this research project were performed using so called noise sensors. These sensors based on MEMS microphones were developed for a simple and cost-effective measurement of external noise in a citizen sciences project. The measurement results of the noise sensors are saved online and can be accessed on the homepage "Sensor.Community". One of the noise sensors was used in the project area over a longer period. Measurement values were generated in third octave bands at intervals of 5 s and are available for further evaluations, e.g. for the calculation of indoor noise levels. The paper presents the research project and reports about the application of the noise sensor
A Multi-Flow Visual Analytics Web Platform for Detecting High Wind Energy Potential in Urban Environments
No full textAbstract. Smart cities represent a transformative approach to urban development, leveraging advanced technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Moving into the third decade of the 21st century, smart cities are becoming a vital concept of advancement of the quality of life. Without any doubt, cities today can generate data of high velocity which can be used in plethora of applications. The wind flow inside a city is an area of several studies which span from pedestrian comfort and natural ventilation to wind energy yield. We propose a Visual Analytics platform based on a server-client web architecture capable of identifying areas with high wind energy potential by employing 3D technologies and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards. The assessment of a whole city or sub-regions will be supported by integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) outcomes with historical wind sensor readings. The results, in 3D space, of such analysis could be used by a wide audience, including city planners and citizens, for locating installation points of small-scale horizontal or vertical axis wind turbines in an urban area. The implementation presents various flows for spatio-temporal data processing. A number of evaluation plans assess the system performance. The results show an adequate performance, although there is a lot of room for improvement in future work
A note on the per capita Shapley support levels value
No full textAbstractThe per capita Shapley support levels value extends the Shapley value to cooperative games with a level structure. This value prevents symmetrical groups of players of different sizes from being treated equally. We use efficiency, additivity, the null player property, and two new properties to give an axiomatic characterization. The first property, called joint productivity, is a fairness property within components and makes the difference to the Shapley levels value. If all players of two components are only jointly productive, they should receive the same payoff. Our second axiom, called neutral collusions, is a fairness axiom for players outside a component. Regardless of how players of a component organize their power, as long as the power of the coalitions that include all players of the component remains the same, the payoff to players outside the component does not change
Crypto-Spatial: A New Direction in Geospatial Data
No full textAbstract. Geospatial technology involves the use of maps, satellite imagery, and spatial databases to collect, analyze, and visualize geographic data. Understanding the link between blockchain and geospatial technology is crucial as it opens the door to innovation and progress in both fields. “The use of Blockchain as a system for managing and verifying geospatial data necessitates accuracy, integrity, and trustworthiness”(Pengxiang et al 2022). Improving data integrity, promoting collaboration, and revolutionizing applications in the geospatial domain are all possible through the combination of these two technologies. The World Wide Web (WWW) has expanded connections worldwide, but it also makes networks susceptible to multiple attacks from various anonymous sources. Packets of fixed or variable sizes are used for transmitting data across nodes. Data is encrypted using secure algorithms at the application level, then packetized and sent at lower levels in the OSI architecture. The encrypted data can be obtained by an intruder by organizing the data contents of each packet once they have access to all the packets. Intruders may also attempt to break the secured algorithm used by the sender. This sophisticated approach to Data Security is the content and order of data, ensuring that unauthorized individuals are unable to discern sensitive information during data transmission. The primary objective of this paper is to introduce a novel spatial encryption technique designed to enhance the security of data transfers within networks. This paper, founded on a comprehensive literature review, endeavors to propose a research project focused on exploring futuristic solutions, particularly within the post-quantum era
Einfluss der Einbausituation auf die Schalldämmung von Rohrschellen
No full textDie Geräusche von Sanitärinstallationen werden häufig durch die Körperschallübertragung von Rohrleitungssystemen dominiert. Bei Wasserversorgungsleitungen sorgen Armaturen für strömungsinduzierte Druckschwankungen im fließenden Wasser, die Körperschall in der Armatur selbst und der Rohrleitung anregen. Die Rohrleitung ist üblicherweise über Rohrschellen an die Gebäudestruktur angekoppelt. Zur Entkopplung der Rohrleitung werden häufig elastische Einlagen in der Rohrschelle verwendet. Unter der Einfügungsdämmung versteht man üblicherweise die Verbesserung des Schalldruckpegels im Empfangsraum bei Verwendung einer Schalldämmeinlage gegenüber einer starren Ankopplung ohne Einlage: D_E=L_(p,OhneEinlage)-L_(p,MitEinlage) [dB] (1) Zur Bestimmung der Einfügungsdämmung von Rohrschellen gibt es bislang kein standardisiertes Verfahren. Die über Prüfberichte von Herstellern beworbenen Dämmungen von Rohrschellen sind aufgrund ungleicher Testverfahren nicht vergleichbar. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss der Einbausituation auf die Einfügungsdämmung von Rohrschellen und damit die Unsicherheiten durch die Montage untersucht
ICESat-2 Data Application for DEM Bias Compensation Based on Point-to-Surface Matching
No full textCreating high-quality digital elevation models (DEMs) from high-resolution satellite images requires an accurate sensor model. Rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) have been widely employed instead of rigorous sensor models. However, the generated DEMs can be distorted because of the inherent RPC biases. Conventionally, the bias is compensated by incorporating ground control points (GCPs) into the standard processing workflow, which requires additional effort to measure the ground and image coordinates of the GCPs. Furthermore, in an inaccessible area, such as polar regions, it is difficult to perform field surveying of ground coordinates. In this study, we investigate whether and how the data recorded by NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission can be used as GCPs without requiring an operator to measure the image coordinates. The first step is generating DEMs by image matching from high-resolution satellite images with the given RPCs. A point-to-surface matching method that matches the ICESat-2 data to the DEM surface was developed to correct the DEM and improve its precision. For the experimental investigations, we use KOMPSAT-3 imagery and ICESat-2 ATL08 data for a Korea test site and KOMPSAT-3A imagery along with ICESat-2 ATL06 and ATL08 data for a test site at the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica. For the Korea test site, we additionally perform a land cover classification to select ATL08 segments that are uniquely assignable to the terrain surface. After point-to-surface matching, the DEMs are corrected in both test areas. The accuracy analyses show that the proposed method improves the accuracy [root mean square error (RMSE)] of the corrected DEM from 10 to 2 m for the Korea test site and from 14 to 1 m for the Antarctic test site. Furthermore, we placed particular emphasis on the terrain slope. To investigate the impact of terrain slope on the bias compensation process, we separate the ATL08 data of the Korea test site into groups of different terrain slopes. It turns out that the deviation of the ATL08 data is lowest at about 1 m when the DEM slope is within 10°. Beyond a 30° slope, the RMSE increases by a factor of 7 compared to the 0°–10° range
A Concept for 3D Geological and Urban Subsurface Modeling with a Unified Voxel Model Examined by a Case Study for the City Center of Stuttgart (Baden-Württemberg), Germany
No full textAbstract. Geological data provide an essential source of information for space planning in the subsurface. Three-dimensional geological models make this information about the subsurface available for various users and use cases. There is a significant demand for subsurface information in city planning, including the modeling of buildings and infrastructures. This demand arises from the interaction between geological processes and the (potential) use of the underground. The paper introduces a concept of a voxel model that includes buildings, traffic infrastructure and the geological structure of the subsurface. The voxel modeling approach aims to provide a unified visualization of geological and urban modeling elements. Furthermore, an analysis of the interaction between buildings and their environment, characterized by geological properties, such as strength of the construction ground or hydraulic and heat conductivity should be feasible. Finally, this paper discusses the feasibility of the concept, based on a case study for the city center of Stuttgart, Germany
