HFTor - HfT Open Repository (Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart)
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METNet: A mesh exploring approach for segmenting 3D textured urban scenes
No full textn this work, we present the neural network Mesh Exploring Tensor Net (METNet) for the segmentation of 3D urban scenes, that operates directly on textured meshes. Since triangular meshes have a very irregular structure, many existing approaches change the input by sampling evenly distributed point clouds on the meshes. The resulting simplified representation of the urban scenes has the advantage that state-of-the-art neural network architectures for point clouds can be used for the segmentation task. The disadvantages are that crucial geodesic information is lost and for a sufficiently good approximation of the scene many points are often necessary. Since memory on the GPU is limited, the consequence is that only small areas can be
examined locally. To overcome these limitations, METNet generates its input directly from the textured triangular mesh. It applies a new star-shaped exploration strategy, starting from a triangle on the mesh and expanding in various directions. This way, a vertex based regular local tensor from the unstructured mesh is generated, which we call a Mesh Exploring Tensor (MET). By expanding on the mesh, a MET maintains the information about the connectivity and distance of vertices along the surface of the mesh. It also effectively captures the characteristics of large regions. Our new architecture, METNet is optimized for processing METs as input. The regular structure of the input allows METNet the use of established convolutional neural networks. Experimental results, conducted on two urban textured mesh benchmarks, demonstrate that METNet surpasses the performance of previous state-of-the-art techniques. METNet improves the previous state-of-the-art results by 8.6% in terms of mean IoU (intersection over union) on the SUM dataset compared to the second-best method PSSNet, and by 3.2% in terms of mean F1 score on the H3D dataset compared to the second-best method ifp-SCN. Our source code is available at https://github.com/QenSchr/METNet
Conceptualising an Urban Digital Twin Framework for Simulating the Impact of Household Consumption Choices on the Carbon Footprint of Urban Neighborhoods
No full textAbstract. This paper presents a concept and first glimpse at the development of an urban digital twin framework to estimate and forecast the carbon footprints of urban neighbourhoods, with a focus on household consumption choices, specifically in buildings, food, and transportation sectors, as key emission contributors. Despite constituting nearly three-quarters of global carbon emissions, the influence of household consumption choices on a region’s carbon footprint is often neglected. While assessments at a regional or city scale may prove too broad for targeted mitigation strategies, estimating carbon emissions at the neighbourhood scale can foster sustainable and resilient urban areas. However, challenges arise in estimating emissions at this scale due to the availability of aggregated data, insufficient cross-sectoral data integration, and a lack of practical visualisation tools, causing policymakers to overlook the impact of household choices on neighbourhood carbon footprints. Therefore, the present article provides insights into the ongoing early-stage development of using urban digital twins to model, simulate, analyse, and visualise the impact of household consumption choices on neighbourhood-scale consumption-based carbon emissions. By exploring ”what-if” scenarios, this research also seeks to forecast emission profiles based on how household consumption choices influence a neighbourhood’s carbon emissions under future climatic and demographic conditions
Stell Dir vor, es ist Energiewende und alle sanieren mit: Erfahrungen aus einem Partizipationsprozess in einer WEG
Get PDFDie Präsentation beleuchtet die Bedeutung von Partizipation bei der Umsetzung energetischer Sanierungen in Wohnungseigentümergemeinschaften (WEG). Anhand einer Fallstudie aus Ludwigsburg werden Herausforderungen wie Wissensdefizite, hohe Unsicherheit und komplexe Entscheidungsprozesse innerhalb von WEGs thematisiert. Der partizipative Ansatz legte Wert auf Fairness, transparente Kommunikation und Einbindung aller Beteiligten, was zu einer positiven Veränderung der Einstellung der Eigentümer und fundierten Entscheidungen führte. Die zentralen Erkenntnisse betonen, dass Partizipation notwendig, aber allein nicht ausreichend ist, um Sanierungen voranzutreiben. Langfristiges Engagement und der Nachweis individueller Vorteile sind entscheidend
Implementation of flexible and open course material for computer programming courses
No full textWe report on our practical experiences of teaching computer programming across several study courses in multiple disciplines. We focus on creating learning material in a way that improves upon the current state of using presentations slides. We address: i) collaboration, ii) interactive teaching, iii) self-study, iv) progress tracking and v) individualisation. We are deriving requirements for course material that improves in these categories. We describe three systems that we used in different study courses, assessing them against our specified requirements. Finally, we outline our vision of creating an open, modular and decentralized approach to learning materials
Blended finance as a catalyst for accelerating the European heat transition?
No full textAgainst the background of accelerating climate change, this paper examines to which extent sustainable infrastructure finance can effectively contribute to the European heat transition as a part of a “Great Transformation” towards a climate neutral economy and society. Since the building sector is responsible for approximately 35% of the EU's carbon footprint, district heating and cooling networks can provide an efficient technology for decarbonizing the energy supply of buildings. New district heating and cooling networks technology allows for heat and hot water generation that is combustion free. A large-scale role-out of this infrastructure would require hundreds of billions EUR of investments within the next few years. In view of the high public debt, the public sector will not be able to finance the required investment volumes. Against the background of regulatory changes, such as the EU Action Plan on Financing Sustainable Growth, this paper examines in which way financial markets participants might be able to fill the funding gap. A particular focus lies on blended finance, since related instruments reduce investors' risks, esp. in early stages of the infrastructure lifecycle. Due to an improved risk-return-relationship this makes the investment more attractive to private investors. It is also essential for investors to understand the kind of business model they invest in. Therefore, we discuss the importance of key performance indicators in the four dimensions that are relevant for the investors' decision-making process: return, risk, liquidity and sustainability. With respect to the sustainability dimension, we elaborate on the relevance of EU-Taxonomy-aligned district heating and cooling networks' construction and operation
Standardisierung des Befragungsortes von Hörversuchen zur Lästigkeit von Lärm – visuelles Umfeld und Tageszeit
Get PDFNeue Ziele im urbanen Raum gehen über den Lärmschutz hinaus, hin zu akustischer Behaglichkeit für Bewohner. Statt physikalischer Einzahlwerte wird zunehmend die psychoakustische Lästigkeit angewandt, um die Wahrnehmung von Geräuschen zu erfassen. Allgemeine Zusammenhänge zwischen Lärm und Lästigkeit werden üblicherweise in Hörversuchen untersucht. Dabei besteht keine Einigkeit über die Methodik, die bei der Planung und Durchführung angewandt werden sollte. Besonders große Unterschiede gibt es bei der Wahl des Befragungsortes. Die Vergleichbarkeit von Studien ist nicht gegeben, solange der Einfluss des Befragungsortes auf die Lästigkeit unbekannt ist. Durch Hörversuche mit 84 Probanden werden in drei Raumszenarien die Faktoren visuelles Umfeld und Tageszeit in Form einer Panelstudie untersucht. In den Raumszenarien werden eine minimalistische und eine wohnliche Einrichtung sowie ein helles Laborlicht und eine abendliche Beleuchtung umgesetzt. Mittelwertunterschiede der Lästigkeit von Straßenlärm-Sequenzen werden über einfaktorielle Varianzanalysen mit Messwiederholung getestet. Bei einer Teststärke zwischen 0,8 und 1,0 spielen das visuelle Umfeld und die Tageszeit keine Rolle für die Lästigkeit der Soundclips. Diese Aussage gilt jedoch nur, wenn sich Probanden gemäß den Instruktionen während der Hörversuche in eine Situation hineinversetzen sollen. Eine vorzustellende abendliche Wohnzimmersituation gibt den Kontext als wichtigen Bezugspunkt für die Beurteilung der Geräusche vor.New goals in urban areas go beyond noise protection to acoustic comfort for residents. Instead of physical single-number values, psychoacoustic annoyance is increasingly being used to assess the perception of noise. General correlations between noise and annoyance are usually investigated in listening tests. There is a disagreement about the methodology that should be used when planning and conducting these tests. There are particularly large differences in the choice of the survey location. Studies cannot be compared as long as the impact of the survey location on noise annoyance is unknown. The aspects visual environment and time of day are examined in listening tests with 84 participants. Three room scenarios are used in this panel study. In the room scenarios, minimal and homely furnishings as well as bright laboratory lighting and evening lighting are used. Mean differences in the annoyance of traffic noise soundclips are tested using single-factor analyses of variance with repeated measures.
With statistical power between 0.8 and 1.0, the visual environment and the time of day are not of any importance to the annoyance of the soundclips. However, this statement only applies if test subjects are asked to imagine themselves in a situation during the listening tests by the instructions. An imagined evening living room situation provides context as an important reference point for assessing the sounds
Building acoustic analysis of doubly curved beam-like shell floors made of CFRP prestressed concrete and its integration into an interdisciplinary optimisation tool
No full textAn optimisation tool was developed to reduce the embodied carbon of floor systems. The considered system consists of a doubly curved beam-like shell made of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) prestressed concrete and an infill layer. The thin-walled design of the system makes it susceptible to sound excitation. Therefore, the optimisation tool considers the static ultimate and serviceability limit states and the sound insulation aspect. Due to a lack of experience with the building acoustic properties of this floor system, it is, in practice, often simplified as a homogeneous floor. This paper aims to investigate its acoustic behaviour in more detail using numerical simulations and to integrate the gained knowledge into the optimisation tool. For this purpose, a simulation concept is set up and implemented. Simulations are carried out for different combinations of geometry and material parameters of the floor system. The data obtained is summarised into linear regression equations that estimate the weighted airborne sound reduction index and the weighted equivalent normalised impact sound pressure level of the system. The optimisation results based on these equations show a clear difference compared to those based on the above-mentioned simplified approach
DIN SPEC 91607:2024-11, Digitale Zwillinge für Städte und Kommunen
No full textDiese DIN SPEC wurde im Zuge des PAS-Verfahrens durch ein DIN-SPEC Konsortium (temporäres Gremium) erarbeitet. Die Erarbeitung und Verabschiedung dieser DIN SPEC erfolgte durch die im Vorwort genannten Verfasser. Dieses Dokument beschreibt Anforderungen an Urbane Digitale Zwillinge und dient zur Anwendung in deutschen und europäischen Kommunen. Dieses Dokument richtet sich an Forschende, IT-Sachverständige, fachliche wie technische Betreibende eines Digitalen Zwillings, von kommunalen Datenplattformen sowie an Agierende in fachspezifischen Handlungsfeldern
The Potential of Vehicle-to-Home Integration for Residential Prosumers: A Case Study
No full textThe transition of the transport sector to e-mobility poses various challenges but also provides great flexible load and supply potential and thus enables a stronger coupling of the transport sector with other sectors. If emerging opportunities such as bidirectional charging in the context of Vehicle-to-Home and Vehicle-to-Grid applications are utilised, a previously unimagined load management and storage potential can be tapped. This can transform e-mobility from an additional burden to the grid to a grid-supporting factor that enables greater integration of renewable energies and reduces additional investments in infrastructure like grid expansion and stationary storage systems. In order to investigate this potential, within this work we examine simulation based various Vehicle-to-Home (PV self-consumption, load shifting due to flexible electricity tariff) and Vehicle-to-Grid (secondary reserve) scenarios for different driving profiles for a residential building with heat pump, PV system and optionally a small wind turbine. In addition, a charge load optimisation is carried out using a genetic algorithm. The energy quantities, saving potential and additional number of battery cycles are quantified. The results show that, despite additional battery degradation, significant financial incentives can be achieved
Approximation of a two-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation with a periodic potential in the tight-binding limit
No full textThe Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation is a model for the description of the dynamics of Bose–Einstein condensates. Here, we consider the GP equation in a two-dimensional setting with an external periodic potential in the -direction and a harmonic oscillator potential in the -direction in the so-called tight-binding limit. We prove error estimates which show that in this limit the original system can be approximated by a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The paper is a first attempt to generalize the results from [19] obtained in the one-dimensional setting to higher space dimensions and more general interaction potentials. Such a generalization is a non-trivial task due to the oscillations in the external periodic potential which become singular in the tight-binding limit and cause some irregularity of the solutions which are harder to handle in higher space dimensions. To overcome these difficulties, we work in anisotropic Sobolev spaces. Moreover, additional non-resonance conditions have to be satisfied in the two-dimensional case