Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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A present value concept for measuring welfare
No full textWe create an alternative version of the present utility value formula to explicitly show that every store-of-value in the economy bears utility-interest (non-pecuniary income) for its holder regardless of possible interest earnings from financial markets. In addition, we generalize the well-known welfare measures of consumer and producer surplus as present value concepts and apply them not only for the production and usage of consumer goods and durables but also for money and other financial assets. This helps us, inter alia, to formalize the circumstances under which even a producer of legal tender might become insolvent. We also develop a new measure of seigniorage and demonstrate why the well-established concept of monetary seigniorage is flawed. Our framework also allows us to formulate the conditions for liability-issued money such as inside money and financial instruments such as debt certificates to become - somewhat paradoxically - net wealth of the society
Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: outcomes of a round robin on the resistance to natural carbonation of Portland, Portland-fly ash and blast-furnace cements and its relation to accelerated carbonation
No full textNumerous (inter)national standards are in place for assessing the resistance to carbonation of mortar and concrete. Within the framework of RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with SCMs,’ an extensive interlaboratory test campaign (ILT) involving twenty-two participating laboratories worldwide was initiated to compare natural carbonation of concrete and mortar with three different cement types (Portland cement (CEM I), Portland-fly ash cement (CEM II/B-V) and blast-furnace cement (CEM III/B)) and investigate its relation to accelerated carbonation as reported in Vanoutrive et al. (Mater Struct 55:1–29, 2022). It could be concluded that ranking of cement types was analogous between accelerated and natural carbonation methods. Environmental parameters have an important effect on the carbonation rate, however, differences between the mean carbonation rates originating from indoor and sheltered outdoor natural exposure with different exposure conditions and curing regimes were insignificant for each considered cement type. This is caused by the scatter related to carbonation testing among different laboratories. Nevertheless, results showed that a natural exposure period of at least one year is essential to reach a constant carbonation rate over time. For both natural and accelerated carbonation, the carbonation rate increased by 18% when the aggregate-to-cement ratio increased by 1.79 (concrete versus mortar). This correlation seems insensitive to binder type and exposure method. Finally, the best correlation between natural and accelerated carbonation was found for EN 12390–10 (specifically natural indoor exposure) and EN 12390–12 (accelerated exposure) when only test methods performed by more than one laboratory were considered
FMS-Berichte Sommersemester 2024
No full textDieser Bericht entstand ursprünglich auf Initiative der Studierenden des damals neuen Masterstudiengangs „Elektro- und Informationstechnik (MEI)“ an der OTH Regensburg, die an der Pflichtlehrveranstaltung „Forschungsmethoden und Seminar (FMS)“ im Wintersemester 2020/21 teilnahmen.
Diese Lehrveranstaltung hat das Ziel, systematisch an das wissenschaftliche Arbeiten, speziell die Wissenschaftskommunikation, heranzuführen. Daher ist im Laufe der Veranstaltung geeignete Literatur zu einem individuellen Thema zu recherchieren, sind Veröffentlichungen auf ihre Relevanz hin zu beurteilen und letztendlich gilt es eine eigene Ausarbeitung basierend auf der Literaturrecherche zu erstellen und diese in einem Vortrag zu präsentieren.
Parallel dazu wird im Theorieteil die entsprechende Hinführung zu den verschiedenen Elementen der Wissenschaftskommunikation vermittelt:
• Bedeutung der Wissenschaftskommunikation für die Arbeit der Ingenieure in Forschung und Entwicklung
• Literaturrecherche, Suchmaschinen, Sichtung und Analyse vorhandener Publikationen, Bewertung der Qualität aufgefundener Fachliteratur, Auswahl geeigneter Materialien für die eigene Arbeit
• Aufbereitung und Darstellung der recherchierten technischer Inhalte in Form einer seitenanzahlbegrenzten wissenschaftlichen Ausarbeitung
• Einhalten formaler Randbedingungen bzgl. Strukturierung, einschl. Bildnachweise und Zitationsstile
• Peer-review-Prozess bei wertschätzender Beurteilung der Leistung anderer
• Publikumsangepasstes Aufbereiten komplexer fachlicher Inhalte mit hochschulöffentlicher Präsentation der Ergebnisse
• Führen mündlicher wissenschaftlicher Diskurse
Die präsentierten Themen beruhen nicht auf eigener Forschungstätigkeit, sondern sind als einführende Reviewartikel zum jeweiligen vorgegebenen technischen oder gesellschaftspolitischen Forschungsthema zu verstehen
Winding process of fibre-reinforced thermoplastic tubes with integrated tape production through in-situ roving impregnation and infrared consolidation
No full textThis paper introduces a novel method for producing fibre-reinforced thermoplastic tubes by integrating tape production and consolidation into a single operation. This innovation diverges from conventional methods by combining processes to reduce costs by using raw materials instead of organotapes, allowing customised material combinations and utilising residual heat from tape production. The new process uses carbon roving and molten low-viscosity PA6 granulates, processed through a new direct impregnation setup in siphon design. Key advancements include a high-speed impregnation module capable of up to 1 m/s with high-performance extruders, cost-effective infrared emitters for winding, and a powered consolidation unit with adjustable winding angles between ±65° and ±90°. Experiments demonstrate operational speeds of approximately 471 mm/min, with an optimal cross-winding speed of 354 mm/min due to the technical limitations of the laboratory extruder and IR emitter used. Based on the technical limitations of the current system, future improvements and methodological changes will be discussed
BABS-Mi
No full textIn dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen wir uns mit der Frage, was es heißt,
einen so genannten Migrationshintergrund zu haben. Ist dieser wie ein Schatten, der die Person immer begleitet? Was bedeutet das für die Person? Wie reagiert das Umfeld? Im berufsbegleitenden Studiengang Soziale Arbeit (BABS) an der OTH Regensburg gibt es im neunten Semester eine Lehrveranstaltung mit dem Titel „Gesellschaft und Migration“ und im zehnten
Semester mit dem Titel „Migrationssensible Soziale Arbeit“. Beide Lehrveranstaltungen haben jeweils einen zeitlichen Umfang von sechs Semesterwochenstunden. Die Studierenden gingen in beiden Veranstaltungen,
also über zwei Semester, der Frage nach, ob durch Begriffe wie igrationshintergrund, Migrationsbiografie etc. Fremdheit konstruiert wird. Ist für die Person dieser Teil der Biografie oder der Familiengeschichte überhaupt relevant oder interessant? Und welche Bedeutung hat dieser Aspekt des Lebens für das Umfeld, z.B. der regelmäßige Besuch einer Ausländerbehörde zur Verlängerung des Aufenthaltes, die Kommentierung ihrer Deutschkenntnisse und/oder die Frage, wo sie denn eigentlich herkommen?
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A Query-Rewriting-based Implementation for Temporal Data Management
No full textTemporal data management is used to query historical data, identify trends and changes, and make forecasts for the future. This paper provides a query-rewriting approach to implement temporal data management in the data-warehouse system Exasol by using so-called preprocessor scripts. Preprocessor scripts allow for executing custom Lua code and modifying SQL commands. Our approach does not need to undertake additional manual effort by the user. History tables and associated views are created in the background. Data records are automatically archived if they are updated or deleted, and the SELECT command is extended with the AS OF SYSTEM TIME clause as proposed by the SQL Standard
Norms, Regulation, Governance: How, by Whom, and by What Means Can the Use of Artificial Intelligence Be Shaped by Society?
No full textAI regulation, defining norms, and governance regarding AI are not only difficult endeavors due to rapid development of AI technology; the complexity of the issue at stake alone and its social, economic, societal, and political aspects raise far-reaching and interdependent challenges. Given globalized research and development as well as the worldwide use of AI, national regulations are probably doomed to fail; supranational norms, regulation, and governance, in turn, pose the problem of enforceability. Not least for this reason, current regulatory approaches differ greatly in terms of their sophistication and effectiveness, because, among other things, the stakeholders involved have rather different interests as well as exert influence in different ways and varying degrees; simultaneously those stakeholders vie for imposing their view and interpretation regarding the discourse on defining norms, regulation, and governance of AI. The complexity of the situation is also increased because AI can be directly and indirectly regulated, and norms can be directly and indirectly imposed, but there is also regulation of humans and their behavior by AI. This paper aims to illustrate the complexity of the field, introduces types of actors, describes various regulatory approaches, and provides a preliminary assessment of the possibilities of defining norms, regulation, and governance of AI