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Predicting learner characteristics using machine learning
No full textIn education science research, data collection is challenging due to difficulty identifying students at the higher education level, privacy concerns, and varying levels of student engagement. Importantly, psychological questionnaires can be lengthy, leading to incomplete responses. We conducted repeated studies, and over time, the focus of the research adapted, introducing new materials and consequently leading to missing learner characteristics in some datasets.
In this research, the issue of incomplete learner characteristics is addressed using data from three different studies: winter term 2022/2023 (n=297), summer term 2023 (n=274), and winter term 2023/2024 (n=25). These studies collected various learner characteristics, such as learning styles, personalities, learning strategies, and learning element preferences. However, learning element preferences and learning strategies were missing in the winter term of 2022, and the summer term of 2023 respectively. To analyze the data and predict these missing features, statistical analysis, and machine learning techniques were employed. Then, these models are rigorously evaluated using cross-validation and performance metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Our findings provide insights into the relationships between learners' learning styles, personalities, learning strategies, and learning element preferences. This offers valuable implications for the design and implementation of educational interventions, like learning path recommendations. The results imply that machine learning models can predict missing learner characteristics, thus addressing the problem of incomplete data in educational researc
Armutsrisiken und prekäre Lebenslagen im Alter und im Pflegeheim. Das Erleben von (drohender) Armut im Alter im Zuge des Übergangs in ein Heim und im dortigen Alltag
No full textDas Weaning im außerklinischen Setting – ein Scoping Review
No full textHintergrund 2021 wurde erstmals nach § 17 des Bayerischen Pflege- und Wohnqualitätsgesetzes (PfleWoqG) eine Übergangswohnform zum außerklinischen therapeutischen Weaning auf Probe zugelassen. Um dieses Forschungsfeld thematisch zu strukturieren, eignet sich ein Scoping Review. Im Folgenden werden ausschließlich Ergebnisse präsentiert, die im Themenblock „Intensiv- und Beatmungspflege“ Erkenntnisse zu den zwei Forschungsfragen ergeben: 1. Welche Faktoren begünstigen die Lebensqualität bei beatmeten Menschen v.a. bei einer Versorgung im außerklinischen Setting? 2. Welche Faktoren forcieren das Weaning in einem außerklinischen Setting und unter welchen Bedingungen wirken sie? Methode Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, CareLit, LIVIVO, Cochrane Library sowie Web of Science wurden mit vorab definierten Suchbegriffen durchsucht. Nach zwei Extraktionen verblieben 401 Treffer. Die Abstract-Sichtungen führten zu einer thematischen Bündelung. Im Themenblock „Intensiv- und Beatmungspflege“ wurden 120 Volltexte gesichtet. Ergebnisse Aus den Ergebnissen ist zu folgern, dass die Datenlage als wenig suffizient bewertet wird. Die Lebensqualität von dauerhaft beatmeten Menschen scheint sehr heterogen zu sein. Als positiv wirksam erweisen sich die Faktoren Selbstbestimmung, eine offene und empathische Kommunikation aller Beteiligten sowie das Eingebundensein der Patientinnen und Patienten in soziale Netzwerke. Zur Qualitätsgewährleistung ist eine hohe Fachkompetenz der Pflegekräfte nötig. Anhaltender Fachpersonalmangel wirkt sich qualitätsmindernd aus. Weaning-Potentiale werden bislang in der Außerklinik nicht ausreichend ausgeschöpft. Intersektorale Versorgungskonzepte werden diskutiert. Diskussion Die Themen der außerklinischen Intensivpflege sowie des Weanings sind auf Basis der Aspekte eines selbstbestimmten und zufriedenen Lebens kaum evaluiert. Was aber zur Lebensqualität und zur Selbstbestimmung beiträgt, ist noch kaum operationalisiert. Weitere Forschungsaktivitäten insbesondere mit Rücksicht auf die Betroffenensicht sind angezeigt, weil sich andeutet, dass gerade die Selbstbestimmung im Weaning-Prozess zur Lebensqualität der schwer erkrankten Menschen beiträgt. Background In 2021, a transitional form of housing for outpatient weaning has been certified based on paragraph 17 of the Bavarian Law on Quality Assurance of Care and Housing. In order to get an overview over the research field, a scoping review was carried out. In particular, two research questions were focussed: 1. Which factors are beneficial for the quality of life of people who have to receive artificial respiration in an outpatient setting? 2. Which factors enforce weaning in an outpatient setting and what are conditions facilitating weaning? Methods Seven data bases were searched with defined search terms. After two extractions, 401 matches were found. On the basis of an analysis of abstracts, the results were systematically categorized. In order to answer the research questions, the topic „intensive and respiration care“ were chosen for closer analysis. Consequently, 120 texts were analysed more thoroughly. Results Results show that we do not have sufficient data to answer the research questions in a satisfactory manner. The life quality of people that have to be ventilated is heterogenous. What clearly enhances the life quality of care patients is self-determination and empathetic communication of patients with the relevant institutions. What is also beneficial is the inclusion of patients in social networks. In order to guarantee quality in intensive outpatient care a highly competent care staff is needed. What is obviously negative is the lack of competent personnel. It was also observed that the weaning potentials in outpatient care are not sufficiently made use of. Intersectoral care concepts are being discussed. Discussion The issues of intensive outpatient care as well as weaning and the question of how a self-determined and satisfactory life can be achieved have hardly been evaluated. Moreover, what exactly is meant by life quality and self-determination has hardly been operationalized either. Further research is necessary. However, self-determination is a central concept contributing to the life quality of seriously ill patients
Differences in teletherapy and telecare?-Experiences of health professionals and patients with video communication in nursing, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy
No full textINTRODUCTION
The spread and implementation of digital synchronous video communication in telecare and teletherapy has recently increased significantly, not just because of COVID-19 but also due to a global trend towards more digital healthcare services in the last two decades. This shift prompts the question of how digital telesetting differs from a face-to-face setting and which aspects are fundamental.
METHODS
As the first part of a mixed-method study, qualitative interviews (n = 20) were conducted from July 2021 to January 2022. Health professionals (n = 13) and patients (n = 7) from occupational therapy, physiotherapy, speech therapy, and nursing were interviewed. All interviewees came from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The results were categorized using structured content analysis.
RESULTS
Six main categories and 20 sub-categories were summarized, which can act as barriers or resources in a telesetting. Both sides described a high level of acceptance and approval of telesetting. Motivation and digital skills were of great importance. Furthermore, special features in communication and interaction were described, as well as changes in organizational procedures and a specific process flow in telesetting. Including relatives was more feasible, although several environmental factors should be considered.
DISCUSSION
A number of specific changes in a telesetting compared to a face-to-face setting show the need for a structured guide for interested parties. Appropriate basic principles must be taught in training and further education to support the spread of this new form of care. Furthermore, it is crucial to adapt the methodological and content-related aspects of telesetting and develop new approaches that specifically integrate audio-visual possibilities
An inverse optimization approach for studying sustainability preferences in sourcing decisions
No full textThroughout many societies around the globe, there is growing awareness of the urgent need for the transition towards a sustainable economy. Research shows that buying firms have substantial leverage to initiate sustainable development by controlling the sustainable performance of their suppliers. In that context, this article presents a novel methodology based on inverse optimization to derive the implicit preferences of decision-makers in the trade-off between traditional sourcing objectives and sustainability in the supplier selection and order allocation process. The derived implicit preferences can then be used for further analyses to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of purchasing managers and sourcing situations that come with particularly high/low preferences placed on sustainability. Since the inverse optimization approach is computationally resource-intensive and consumes a significant amount of time, we present a scalable state-of-the-art cloud architecture that allows solving an arbitrary number of optimization programs in an acceptable amount of time. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology in a real-world case. In doing so, we test how important sustainability aspects are in the supplier selection and order allocation decisions of one of the world's largest automotive parts manufacturers
Approach for High-Performance Random Number Generators for Critical Systems
No full textIn times of digitalization, the encryption and signing of sensitive data is becoming increasingly important. These cryptographic processes require large quantities of high-quality random numbers. Which is why a high-performance random number generator (RNG) is to be developed. For this purpose, existing concepts of RNGs and application standards are first analyzed. The proposed approach is to design a physical true random number generator (PTRNG) with a high output of random numbers. Based on this, the development begins with the analog part of the RNG, the noise signal source and a suitable amplifier for the analog noise signal. Therefore, a special noise diode from Noisecom and an amplifier from NXP were chosen and analyzed in different measurements. From the results of the measurements, it can be concluded that both components are suitable for use in the RNG
Introduction to the Minitrack on Simulation Modeling and Digital Twins for Decision Making in the Age of Industry 4.0
No full textThe minitrack contains contributions with a focus on simulation modeling and digital twins and decision making in the context of Industry 4.0. The use of
simulation models and digital twins is manifold, from planning to virtual commission and real-time operational decision support. Cyber-physical systems integrate the real world and the virtual world to enable decision making in the age of Industry 4.0.
For example, customer decisions and supply disruptions which directly influence manufacturing and logistics systems require immediate decisions.
Thus, models must have the capability to support decision making in manufacturing as well as in internal and external logistics in real-time.
Methods include discrete-event simulation, discrete-rate simulation, hybrid simulation, system dynamics simulation, the combination of simulation
modeling with machine learning or optimization heuristics, prescriptive analytics, and adaptive systems. Furthermore, this minitrack addresses
simulation education and simulation models used for education and training in manufacturing and logistics
Complex material analysis of a TiC coating produced by hot pressing with optical light microscopy, EDS, XRD, GDOES and EBSD
No full textThe present study investigates the interface between carbon steel and titanium samples annealed at different temperatures (1 = 800 ◦C and 2 = 1050 ◦C). In both cases, an observable layer forms at the interface, with its thickness increasing from t1= 2.75 ± 0.15 μm at 800 ◦C to t2= 8.86 ± 0.29 μm at 1050 ◦C. The layer’s composition and thickness evolve with temperature. Analysis reveals approximately 40 at.-% carbon concentration in the exterior region, indicating likely titanium carbide creation. X-ray diffraction identifies titanium carbide peaks, while microscopy and elemental mapping confirm compositional gradients at the interface.
Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) shows a gradient in grain size near the TiC surface, reflecting TiC nucleation rates. XRD data detect both titanium carbide and titanium phases, with TiC becoming more prominent at 1050 ◦C. Rietveld analysis further confirms TiC formation. Notably, distinct diffraction patterns on the contact and rear sides suggest a Ti(C, O, N) presence. Depth profiles exhibit varying surface and depth carbon concentrations, attributed to temperature effects. The study successfully demonstrates TiC coating fabrication through hot pressing, wherein Ti(C, O, N) coatings arise from titanium’s affinity for reacting with oxygen and nitrogen. This research contributes to the understanding of phase transformations and interfacial properties in titanium-carbon steel systems
Analysis and Improvement of Engineering Exams Toward Competence Orientation by Using an AI Chatbot
No full textChatGPT is currently one of the most advanced general chatbots. This development leads to diverse challenges in higher education, like new forms of teaching and learning, additional exam methods, new possibilities for plagiarism, and many more topics. On the other side with the development of advanced AI tools, pure knowledge will be less and less important, and demands from industry will change toward graduates with higher competencies. Education has therefore to be changed from knowledge-centered toward competence centered. The goal of this article is to use ChatGPT for analyzing and improving the competence orientation of exams in engineering education. The authors use ChatGPT to analyze exams from different engineering subjects to evaluate the performance of this chatbot and draw conclusions about the competence orientation of the tested exams. The obtained information is used to develop ideas for increasing the competence orientation of exams. From this analysis, it is visible that ChatGPT gives good performance mainly where knowledge is tested. It has, however, much more problems with transfer questions or tasks where students need creativity or complex insights for finding new solutions. Based on this result, exams and also lectures can be optimized toward competence orientation
Computergestützte Bestimmung des Sprechflusses bei Vorschulkindern
No full textDie vorliegende Studie untersucht, inwiefern sich die in der Phonetik verbreiteten Skripte zur automatisierten Feststellung von verschiedenen Aspekten des Sprechflusses von de Jong et al. zur Beurteilung des Sprachstands bei Kindern eignen und in welcher Art und Weise die Methodik angepasst werden könnte. Dazu wurden Sprachdaten von Vorschulkindern mit Deutsch als Muttersprache bzw. als Zweitsprache mithilfe eines Serious Game zur Sprachstandserhebung elizitiert. Die Audiodaten wurden bezüglich Artikulationsrate, Pausen und Füllpartikeln sowohl automatisiert durch die Skripte als auch manuell annotiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Skripte zur Ermittlung der Artikulationsrate mit einer relativ hohen Übereinstimmung mit der manuellen Ermittlung zur Verwendung in Sprachstandserhebungsverfahren eignen. Auch die automatische Erkennung von Sprechpausen weist einen hohen Precision-Wert auf und könnte als Instrument in Sprachstandserhebungen verwendet werden. Eine solche Verwendung würde mit
einer Erweiterung um die hier vorgestellte manuelle Methode zum Annotieren von disfluenten und nicht disfluenten Pausen profitieren. Bei den Füllpartikeln stellte sich die automatisierte Klassifizierung hingegen als weniger geeignet heraus. Hier wurde keine hohe Übereinstimmung mit der menschlichen Annotation festgestellt. Um in der Praxis Verwendung finden zu können, muss diese Methode noch erweitert werden, zum Beispiel durch Miteinbeziehen der Pausenerkennung