Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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Entwicklung eines innovativen Implantats zur minimalinvasiven Behandlung von isolierten Orbitabodenfrakturen
No full text1.Bericht für das Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology (RCHST)
No full textDer vorliegende Bericht zeigt den aktuellen Stand des Projekts „Künstliche Intelligenz für Nichtregierungsorganisationen (KINiro) – Bedarf, Akzeptanz und Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten“ an der OTH Regensburg am Institut für Sozialforschung und Technikfolgenabschätzung (IST). Im Projektbericht wird das Projekt KINiro mit besonderem Blick auf die Erkenntnisse und Tätigkeiten im Gesundheitswesen aufgezeigt.
Das Projekt KINiro wird mit Laufzeit Januar 2023 bis Dezember 2025 durch das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) gefördert. Eine zusätzliche Unterstützung bietet das Regensburg Center of Health Sciences and Technology (RCHST
Robust Interpolation of Arbitrary-Dimensional Moving Regions in Databases
No full textMoving Objects Databases are designed to store, process and efficiently search for database objects with attributes that can change over time. Examples are moving points, that change position over time, or, as a more complex data type, moving regions that can also change shape. For moving regions to be practically usable, methods for creating those objects have to be provided. The prevailing method for 2-dimensional moving regions is to create an interpolation of two static regions. Since this is a non-trivial task, this is referred to as the "Region Interpolation Problem", which still can not be considered as solved, since several unsolved questions remain. This work strives to give an overview on the Region Interpolation Problem, discuss an extension to 3d and higher dimensions and to present and discuss solutions to address some of the remaining obstacles
Robot Task Assignment In Dynamic Factory Environments
No full textAutomated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) are being applied more and more frequently in a wide range of use cases. Following the general trend of decentralisation of control structure in the Industry 4.0 paradigm, this paper analyses the application of auction algorithms to solve the robot task assignment problem. We focus on the use of mobile robots in production environments with a high level of uncertainty which places hight demand on the flexibility of the online scheduling architecture. A sequential single-item (SSI) auction algorithm is validated for a real-world use case where multiple mobile robots supply car bodies to manual rework stations in a paint shop application using simulation. The optimization objective of such an algorithm is discussed in regards to the examined use case
Chatbot in the Museum – A Field Study of User Experience and Modality Usage
No full textThis paper describes a field study conducted with a museum chatbot at the Städel Museum Frankfurt. The chatbot uses the BERT language model for natural language processing and can be operated via touchscreen as well as via speech input. Prior to the study, hypotheses regarding the user experience of the system were formulated and a system-specific questionnaire was designed, which was used to inquire (among other things) about the perceived quality of the speech output and the frequency of audio guide use in museums. During the interaction with the chatbot, log data was collected and stored in the back-end system. The results show a significant correlation between perceived speech quality and user experience. An exploratory data analysis revealed that participants who used only speech input rated the system as significantly more stimulating than participants who used only touch input. Touch input turned out to be the most efficient input modality in terms of answer correctness and was rated highest regarding pragmatic quality. Interestingly touch input was preferred by younger participants. We discuss our findings and conclude that speech interaction should be seriously considered to create engaging conversational user experiences in museums
Supervised vs. Zero-Shot Learning Automatic Classification of Comments on Educational Videos Using Pre-Trained Language Models
No full textDespite the potential of AI, only a small percentage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are adopting it due to data issues, expertise gaps, and implementation barriers. Zero-shot learning offers a promising approach for SMEs by minimizing these obstacles. This paper explores the use of zero-shot learning in a real-world NLP classification task on online comments (comparable with intent classification tasks) from the e-learning platform Sofatutor. While finetuning has achieved high accuracy (82.3–86.5%), zero-shot models have shown lower performance (39.3–61.4%) due to different label selection, grouping of different scenarios in one class and the type of classification task. Even if the current accuracy is not sufficient for practical application, pre-filtering the data using zeroshot learning might be a promising option for SMEs
EYE TRACKING METRICS FOR DISTINGUISHING GLOBAL AND FOCAL GAZE PATTERNS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
No full textGlobal and focal eye tracking gaze patterns are distinguished in a variety of domains, such as radiology research, empirical software engineering, behavioral psychology, and cartography research. A global gaze pattern is present if a participant in an eye tracking study gains an overview of the stimulus, whereas a focal pattern emerges during a more detailed evaluation of a specific part of the stimulus.
With this higher-level measure of global and focal gaze patterns, cognitive effort, expertise levels, and even neurological characteristics - such as autism - can be quantified. Furthermore, with this measure, cognitive efforts of students in certain tasks can be investigated and clues for targeted support can be provided. These properties in particular make this eye tracking measure valuable for the education domain.
In the field of eye tracking research, many researchers have established distinct criteria for differentiating global and focal gaze patterns. Moreover, it is rarely quantitatively measured which of these patterns is present, but rather determined based on qualitative considerations. However, some studies explicitly use quantitative metrics like saccade-length or fixation-duration to distinguish between global and focal gaze patterns. This is the focus of the present systematic literature review: It searches for and compiles the eye tracking metrics used in the literature to distinguish global from focal gaze patterns in a quantitative way.
In doing so, this study fills the yawning gap in quantitative metrics for determining global and focal gaze patterns. In the long run, this can be used to answer questions about cognitive load and problems in processing tasks during eye tracking studies and to provide further insights into the cognitive processes of students.
The present paper first discusses definitions of global and focal gaze patterns and presents examples in which this metric has already been applied. Then, the research questions together with search strings and search engines used for the systematic literature review are described. Finally, the results are summarized, presenting a compilation of and connections between quantitative metrics utilized in the literature to distinguish between global and focal viewing patterns
PYTHIA - AI SUGGESTED INDIVIDUAL LEARNING PATHS FOR EVERY STUDENT
No full textDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of digital course rooms, where teachers provide their learning materials, increased dramatically. While these platforms are crucial for providing teaching materials, they often fall short in addressing individual student needs. A system within an academic setting, capable of creating and presenting individual learning paths for each student, can solve these issues. These paths are composed of various learning elements - defined in our previous work as units of educational content with which a learner works.
Currently, there is no suitable system that enables the integration of learning path generating algorithms into a digital course room. Therefore we present an application that enables this integration into the Moodle Learning Management System (LMS). More precisely, this paper presents a Moodle plugin together with its framework. It describes the mechanism for effectively collecting data from Moodle, which AI algorithms then use to generate personalized learning paths. Subsequently these paths are visualized with the help of the Moodle plugin.
We started with a set of requirements and use cases for the interface connecting Moodle to the AI system, which were established with a group of experts. Based on the requirements, various relevant technologies were assessed, and the best ones were chosen for implementation.
Following that, the paper develops a strategy for software structuring as well as an architecture, focusing on performance, modularity, and ease of deployment for widespread use. Furthermore, the architecture ensures a simple method for integrating the algorithms. Afterwards, the framework's concrete implementation is described. A technique for enriching learning elements with metadata is presented, and additionally a concept for presenting these learning elements within a hierarchy. Moreover, it is shown how questionnaire responses and learning analytics are utilized for data collection. We cover in detail techniques for extracting and storing data from the Moodle database, as well as methods for customizing Moodle course rooms and a standard API for incorporating AI algorithms.
Finally, the paper discusses the application of the proposed framework in an actual course and how student feedback is collected, which could enhance the framework. It concludes with an assessment of the outcomes obtained and prospects for the framework's future advancements
Finite-Element-Modellierung 2
No full textEs gibt eine Vielzahl von „Wie-erstelle-ich-ein Finite-Element-Programm?“-Lehrbüchern, aber nur recht wenige Veröffentlichungen zur Frage „Wie wende ich ein Finite-Element-Programm an?“. Dieses Buch legt den Schwerpunkt auf die zweite Fragestellung. Es basiert auf den Vorlesungen zur Anwendung der Finite-Element-Methode, die der Autor seit 1998 an der OTH Regensburg hält. Deren Inhalte kommen aus seiner Tätigkeit als Prüfingenieur für Baustatik in einem großen Münchener Ingenieurbüro. Behandelt werden sowohl Fragestellungen, mit denen sich jeder Ingenieur konfrontiert sieht, wenn er Berechnungen mit einem Finite-Element-Programm erstellen will, als auch Problempunkte, die im Büro des Autors im Zuge einer Projektbearbeitung auftraten und auf den ersten Blick gar nicht so klar waren. Der 2.Teil des zweibändigen Werkes befasst sich mit Themen aus der nichtlinearen Statik