Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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TYCHE ALGORITHM 2.0: Learning Paths from Questionnaire Responses and Learning Analytics
No full textThe digitalization of learning processes has increased the need for adaptive learning paths tailored individually to learners. A novel algorithm for learning path generation is presented in this paper, namely Tyche 2.0. It extends the original Tyche approach after Staufer et al. – a Markov model for generating learning paths – by integrating additional learner data beyond learning styles (Index of Learning Styles (ILS)), including learning strategies (LIST-K questionnaire), personality traits (BFI-10 questionnaire), and learning analytics captured through screen recordings. In order to be able to use the screen recordings, a heuristic evaluates them. Furthermore, this enhanced algorithm employs Markov models to dynamically generate personalized learning paths. These are based on both questionnaire responses and real-time
engagement data, the weights of which undergo dynamic adjustment over time. We made a small evaluation of Tyche 2.0 without the learning analytics influence, which shows that there is room for further improvements. Future research will focus on evaluating whole Tyche 2.0 in another university setting to further improve personalization and user engagement
Driving out the Bears from the Suburbs by Means of Location Theory and Intelligent Agents
No full textDue to the recent surge in bear attacks, affected municipalities have taken various measures to drive out the intruders. Political considerations include, in many places, the expansion of shooting permits. More and more regional governmental authorities invest in technologies for efficient bear hunting, such as IP cameras and computer vision. From an ecological perspective, such procedures, which are all solely aimed at decreasing the bear population, are questionable, since ecosystems can benefit from a peaceful coexistence of bears with humans: Bears remove animal carcasses and thus return vital nutrients to the soil and prevent the spread of diseases. Moreover, the bears keep the deer population in check, which is advantageous for the forest vegetation.
Conflicts start, once the bears intrude populated areas, which are often rural villages and suburbs with a low population density. Naturally, bears do not see humans as prey and respect their size. When the animal attacks, this happens rather for territorial or protective reasons, e. g., after an unexpected encounter with humans unsettled it. In this work, we analyze means to eradicate the danger: We dynamically apply Weiszfeld’s algorithm for finding the shifting geometric median between time-windowed black bear sightings and use the results for implementing an early warning system. In addition, we weigh the spotted locations and predict the expected migration behavior between bear habitats using a simulation with intelligent agents. As a case study, we apply our software to data from Romania and Fukushima and identify the positions where bear repelling facilities should be placed most effectively
Hydrodynamics of an asymmetrical compound channel with nature-based vegetation distribution
No full textNatural streams commonly feature a compound channel characterized by main channels and floodplains. During flood events, sediment and particulate organic matter deposition in floodplains promotes vegetation growth, influencing river hydrodynamics and ecosystems. Current hydrodynamics investigations frequently employ arbitrary vegetation characteristics, potentially misrepresenting natural conditions. This study experimentally explores compound-channel flows in which the floodplain is occupied with natural vegetation characteristics sourced from the Upper Rhine, including both young and mature plants. A 30 m long, 5 m wide asymmetrical compound channel with a 0.5‰ longitudinal slope was used. Two flow conditions, deep and intermediary flow, were tested. Velocity and depth data were collected under simulated flow conditions corresponding to a 15 to 20-year return period. Vegetation accentuated the shear between the floodplain and the main channel, compared to non-vegetated conditions. Furthermore, vegetation effects on water depth were observed downstream the patch until 1.75 times the vegetation patch length
MP61 - Detection of Electron Beam in Atmospheric Pressure Using CMOS Image Sensor
No full textIn the article, a new detection system that enables observation of the electron beam signal passing through a gas layer at atmospheric pressure is presented. An experimental setup consisting of an elec-tron gun (electron emitter, extraction, and focus electrodes), silicon nitride membrane, and a CMOS image sensor is described, as well as first image of the electron beam spot after passing through 400 µm of air at atmospheric pressure is presented
Towards Post-Quantum-Ready Automated Certificate Lifecycle Management in Operational Technology
No full textOperational Technology (OT) systems increasingly depend on robust and automated certificate lifecycle management to maintain secure operations across long device lifespans and constrained environments. As quantum-capable adversaries emerge, these systems must also support cryptographic agility and prepare for a seamless transition to Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). This work presents a crypto-agile, post-quantum-ready testbed architecture that extends existing standards, such as Enrollment over Secure Transport (EST) and Bootstrapping Remote Secure Key Infrastructure (BRSKI), to support hybrid certificates, hardware-based key storage, and protocol flexibility for device bootstrapping and certificate management. A work-in-progress prototype implementation demonstrates support for both traditional and PQC algorithms across device types. Planned evaluations target performance on constrained devices, PQC readiness, and compatibility with alternative protocols. The system lays a foundation for secure and standards-compliant certificate management in future-proof OT deployments
Assessing the techno-economic impact of district heating on electrical distribution grid reinforcements
No full textEnhanced sector coupling across electricity, mobility, and heating sectors leads to higher efforts for distribution grid upgrades. Based on a case study, this paper evaluates the role of district heating networks in reducing electrical distribution grid reinforcements and compares their economic viability against a building-specific heat supply using heat pumps. A detailed energy system model is used to analyze two building energy renovation scenarios: a business-as-usual scenario with a 1 % annual renovation rate and an ambitious scenario with a rate of 2 %. Using a two-step optimization, the impact of different district heating network penetration levels on the distribution grid is evaluated, followed by an ex-post analysis to incorporate a simultaneity factor into district heating networks. Overall, district heating networks can reduce distribution grid reinforcements, but the associated savings alone do not justify their construction, particularly in the ambitious renovation scenario. In the business-as-usual scenario, a district heating network can reduce reinforcement costs by up to 71 %. However, in the ambitious scenario, grid reinforcements are already reduced due to lower heat peak demand, and the maximal reinforcement cost savings only amount to 35 %. Compared economically, district heating networks are cost-competitive with building-specific heating only in the business-as-usual scenario, up to a heat supply share of 70 % and in the ambitious scenario, up to 40 %. In both scenarios, a district heating network can be a robust solution to lower macroeconomic costs for a carbon-neutral heat supply
Open-Source-Wissenschaftler bereiten Software für das Quantencomputing vor
No full textUm Software und Architekturen für das Quantencomputing zu entwickeln, zu definieren und zu testen, braucht man keinen Quantencomputer. Weil die teuer und rar sind, entschieden sich Wissenschaftler der OTH Regensburg dafür, sie einfach zu virtualisieren – mit messbarem Erfolg
Beitrag zur Bemessung von monolithischem Planziegelmauerwerk im Außenwand-Decken-Knoten
No full textIn dieser Arbeit werden die bei monolithischem Planziegelmauerwerk auftretenden Beanspruchungssituationen am Außenwand-Decken-Knoten sowohl experimentell als auch numerisch untersucht sowie die daraus resultierenden Besonderheiten charakterisiert. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass die Knotenmomente mit der vereinfachten Rahmenberechnung nach [EN 1996-1-1:2022] Anhang C.3 basierend auf der Elastizitätstheorie ermittelt werden, liegt der Fokus vor allem auf der Ermittlung und Quantifizierung von nichtlinearen Einflüssen auf die Knotenmomente am Wandkopf und -fuß.In this thesis, the load situations occurring in monolithic clay unit masonry with thin layer mortar at the exterior wall-floor joint are investigated as well experimentally as numerically, and the resulting particularities are characterized. Against the background that the nodal moments are determined with the joint analysis method according to [EN 1996-1-1:2022] Annex C.3 based on elastic material behaviour, the focus is mainly on the determination and quantification of nonlinear effects on the nodal moments at the top and bottom of the wall
Narcissistic and Embodied Human-Centered-Design
No full textIn recent years, there have been calls to replace Human-Centered-Design (HCD) with More-Than-Human-Design (MTHD). The proponents of MTHD dismiss HCD for various reasons; however, the fact that they use the same title, terms and phrases such as posthuman, decenter human, anti-anthropocentric; systematically or not, coherently or not, together they create a strong sense that HCD is passé and must be left behind. Anthropocentrism has gotten a lot of beatings from multiple quarters to the extent that the term carries now a negative connotation. This negative mood seems to get carried away and over to the criticisms of HCD as human-centered is synonymous with anthropocentric. My contribution is to point out, while anthropocentrism is a position of value; it might also be understood as an inescapable condition. Before the MTHD movement sweeps away indiscriminately all HCD, a more careful look is in order
Experience Report: Hey LLM, Generate SQL!
No full textLarge Language Models have advanced to a resourceful tool with many applications. One particularly interesting use case is the LLM-aided generation of ad-hoc database queries and the possibility of subsequent processing of the results in a way suiting the users intents. In this article, practical ways and experiences are described on how to effectively use LLMs to map a natural-language user query to an SQL query conforming to a specific database schema and post-processing the results of this query in order to, for example, create an appealing visualization. Best results are achieved under favorable circumstances, as, for example, a clean and meaningful named database schema