Publikationsserver der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg
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A Novel CWT-CNN Framework for Driver Fatigue Detection from EEG Signals
No full textFatigued driving has been a significant contributor to traffic accidents globally, posing serious threats to both human life and economic stability. Machine learning techniques based on electroencephalography (EEG) are showing promise for detecting driver fatigue, excelling other physiological modalities in this regard. However, it requires a lot of exertion, demands domain knowledge, and may not generalize effectively across different datasets to manually extract features from EEG signals. Therefore, investigating innovative deep-learning architectures that can effectively extract discriminative characteristics from unprocessed EEG data is necessary. This paper proposes a novel framework for driver fatigue detection from EEG signals using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Rather than depending on hand-crafted feature extraction, we use CWT to convert EEG data into time-frequency spectrum pictures. After concatenating these spectral images from every channel, a CNN is fed to learn discriminative features for driver normal and fatigued states automatically. An average classification accuracy of 98.3% is obtained by evaluating the proposed CWT-CNN system on a publicly available EEG dataset comprising recordings from twelve subjects. The results obtained indicate that the CWT-CNN framework has enormous potential to create strong driver fatigue detection systems, thereby enhancing road safety
EYE TRACKING GLASSES IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS: GUIDELINES ON DATA QUALITY
No full textEye movement modeling examples, so-called EMME videos, are a valuable tool in education, helping learners better understand instructional content. Like conventional educational videos, EMME videos combine text, images, and voiceovers. However, they also display the instructor’s or teacher’s gaze, guiding learners attention to key elements. Although various approaches exist for creating EMME videos, there is currently no standardised guideline for ensuring gaze data quality. Eye tracking technology is essential to capture gaze behaviour, and in educational settings without a fixed computer monitor – such as when using blackboards or conducting live experiments – the usage of mobile eye tracking glasses is beneficial.
An accuracy study is conducted using mobile eye tracking glasses to provide empirical guidance for the development of high-quality educational EMME videos and ensure that the instructor’s or teacher’s gaze is captured with high precision. The study uses the Tobii Pro Glasses 3 and involves a static and a dynamic setup with 34 participants. To gain insight into the effects of visual impairments on accuracy, we also include participants who wear contact lenses. In the static setup, participants are seated at a desk with a headrest and focus on a poster with nine fixation points. In the dynamic setup, participants are walking in a controlled half-circle around the poster while maintaining focus on its centre. Each setup is performed multiple times under varying lighting levels (300 lux, 700 lux) and distances between participant and poster (80 cm, 120 cm, 180 cm). This enables the simulation of diverse educational environments, including the possibility of a teacher’s or instructor’s movement.
The study results will be evaluated regarding lighting conditions, the distance between the person wearing eye tracking glasses and the object, and possible influences of contact lenses. Based on these findings, favourable conditions for creating EMME videos in educational settings are collected, especially when working without a fixed computer monitor. The results address the outlined research gap by providing instructors and teachers with guidelines enabling them to produce high-quality educational EMME videos
PNE – Schmerzen verstehen, vermitteln, verändern: Anforderungen an instruktives Videomaterial
No full textEinleitung Ein häufiger Irrglaube unter Patient*innen ist, dass Schmerz direkt mit Gewebeschäden in Korrelation steht. Die Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) vermittelt mithilfe einfacher Metaphern ein besseres Verständnis von Schmerz, was sich positiv auf Schmerzempfinden, Angstvermeidung und Alltagsbewältigung auswirkt. Fehlendes Wissen über Schmerzphysiologie und eine Unsicherheit in der Umsetzung von PNE stehen der Anwendungsbereitschaft im deutschsprachigen Raum entgegen. Ziel des Projekts war es, die Anforderungen von Physiotherapeut*innen an ein Anleitungsvideo zu PNE zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse sollen die Entwicklung eines praxisnahen, nutzerfreundlichen Videos unterstützen.
Material und Methodik Die Studie basiert auf fünf leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Physiotherapeut*innen mit Bachelorabschluss und Vorkenntnissen in PNE. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz unter Verwendung von MAXQDA.
Ergebnisse Das Kategoriensystem umfasst: beruflicher Hintergrund, bisherige Erfahrungen mit PNE, hilfreiche Videoinhalte, Struktur und Dauer, Praxisrelevanz, Didaktik und Gestaltung. Die teilnehmenden Physiotherapeut*innen setzen PNE bislang eher selektiv ein – bedingt durch Zeitmangel, Erwartung aktiver Therapieformen und begrenzte Erfahrung. Eingesetzt werden strukturierte Tools sowie freie Gespräche. Als hilfreich gelten visuelle Darstellungen, praxisnahe Metaphern und deutschsprachige Erklärungen. Gewünscht werden alltagsnahe Beispiele, gezielte Metaphern, Patientenzentrierung sowie Anpassung an Wissen und Verständnisniveau. Relevante Inhalte umfassen Schmerz- und Neurophysiologie, das bio-psycho-soziale Modell, psychoedukative Aspekte (z. B. Schlaf) und Therapiekonzepte. Fehler wie unklare Sprache, unpassende Beispiele und fehlender individueller Bezug sollen im Video aufgegriffen werden. Bevorzugt werden kurze, modulare Videos (5–10 Min.), thematisch gegliedert, mit animierten Darstellungen, ruhiger Off-Stimme und klarer, patientengerechter Sprache.
Zusammenfassung Physiotherapeut*innen nutzen PNE bislang selektiv, bedingt durch Zeitmangel und fehlende Erfahrung. Für ein hilfreiches Anleitungsvideo werden kurze, modulare Einheiten (5–10 Min.), visuelle Metaphern, patientenzentrierte Inhalte und eine klare, einfache Sprache bevorzugt. Relevante Inhalte sind Schmerzphysiologie, das bio-psycho-soziale Modell und Therapiemechanismen
Narcissistic- und Embodied Human-Centered-Design
No full textIn recent years, there have been calls to replace Human-Centered-Design (HCD) with More-Than-Human-Design (MTHD). The proponents of MTHD dismiss HCD for various reasons; however, the fact that they use the same title, terms and phrases such as posthuman, decenter human, anti-anthropocentric; systematically or not, coherently or not, together they create a strong sense that HCD is passé and must be left behind. Anthropocentrism has gotten a lot of beatings from multiple quarters to the extent that the term carries now a negative connotation. This negative mood seems to get carried away and over to the criticisms of HCD as human-centered is synonymous with anthropocentric. My contribution is to point out, while anthropocentrism is a position of value; it might also be understood as an inescapable condition. Before the MTHD movement sweeps away indiscriminately all HCD, a more careful look is in order
Navigating Agile Transformations
No full textThis study investigates how companies overcome challenges in agile transformations. Through interviews with ten experts from German companies across different industries, we identify key drivers, challenges, and success factors. Our findings reveal inefficiency, mimetic isomorphism, and competitive pressure as primary transformation drivers. We categorize challenges and solutions into people, organizational, and process-related factors, emphasizing the central role of human elements. The study presents 14 key success factors, with management involvement, commitment to agility, and strategic staffing emerging as crucial. These insights provide a framework for understanding and implementing agile transformations, offering guidance for organizations. Our results contribute to both theoretical understanding and practical application of agile methodologies in corporate settings
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advances in System Simulation, SIMUL 2022, October 16 - 20, 2022, Lisbon, Portugal
No full textEffect of temperature on the growth of Cupric and Cuprous Nanoparticles in a wet chemical synthesis
No full textCuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO) particles were synthesized using a wet chemical surfactant free method at different synthesis temperatures from 25 °C to 60 °C. Morphology, size, and chemical composition of the prepared Cu2O particles were analyzed by FESEM, PXRD, and UV-vis. We discovered that the chemical composition of the Cu2O particles remained unaffected by the synthesis temperature. However, morphology and size of the particles showed a strong temperature dependency. This could be attributed to the temperature induced formation of CuO species from the copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2) precursor which also functions as copper precursor for the Cu2O particle growth. The cupric oxide species was determined to be the main cause for the formation of micrometer sized particles, whereas with the Cu(OH)2 precursor species for the Cu2O particles nanocubes with smaller edge lengths as well as octahedrons were obtained
Thrombocytopenia During Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Adult Patients With Bacterial, Viral, and COVID-19 Pneumonia
No full textContact of blood with artificial surfaces triggers platelet activation. The aim was to compare platelet kinetics after venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) start and after system exchange in different etiologies of acute lung failure. Platelet counts and coagulation parameters were analyzed from adult patients with long and exchange-free (≥8 days) ECMO runs (n = 330) caused by bacterial (n = 142), viral (n = 76), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (n = 112) pneumonia. A subpopulation requiring a system exchange and with long, exchange-free runs of the second oxygenator (≥7 days) (n = 110) was analyzed analogously. Patients with COVID-19 showed the highest platelet levels before ECMO implantation. Independent of the underlying disease and ECMO type, platelet counts decreased significantly within 24 hours and reached a steady state after 5 days. In the subpopulation, at the day of a system exchange, platelet counts were lower compared with ECMO start, but without differences between underlying diseases. Subsequently, platelets remained unchanged in the bacterial pneumonia group, but increased in the COVID-19 and viral pneumonia groups within 2–4 days, whereas D-dimers decreased and fibrinogen levels increased. Thus, overall platelet counts on V-V ECMO show disease-specific initial dynamics followed by an ongoing consumption by the ECMO device, which is not boosted by new artificial surfaces after a system exchange
Gesundheit und Wohlergehen nach einem Schlaganfall — nachhaltige Rehabilitation durch Digitalisierung?
No full textDer Beitrag befasst sich mit Ziel 3 der UN-Nachhaltigkeitsziele – Gesundheit und Wohlergehen. Er untersucht die Rolle von Digitalisierung, wie z. B. Telemedizin, Teletherapie und Telecare im Hinblick auf deren Beitrag zu einer guten, flächendeckenden Versorgung für Patientinnen und Patienten insbesondere im ländlichen Raum. Dargestellt werden Ergebnisse der quantitativen Befragung von Patientinnen und Patienten und ihren Angehörigen aus dem Projekt DeinHaus 4.0 Oberpfalz – TePUS
Magnetically induced deformation of isotropic magnetoactive elastomers and its relation to the magnetorheological effect
No full textCan isotropic magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) undergo giant magnetically induced deformations and exhibit huge magnetorheological effects simultaneously? In this experimental and theoretical study, we reveal how the macroscopic deformation of MAEs relates to the process of particle restructuring caused by application of a magnetic field. For this purpose, MAE cylinders with different aspect ratios and particle loadings are studied in uniform magnetic fields. The axial deformations of the cylinders are acquired using an optical camera. A unified mean-field model proposed in previous studies is adapted to describe the transition of initially isotropic cylinders into transversely isotropic ones. This mechanical transition is caused by the rearrangement of particles into dense columnar structures aligned with the field and is believed to result in a huge magnetorheological effect. Our model however predicts less than a threefold increase in elastic moduli when evaluated along the field direction. This prediction is based on a careful examination of the shear moduli of studied MAEs and the columnar structures. A weak magnetorheological effect explains significant axial deformations measured in the field direction. A strong magnetorheological effect would hinder axial deformations due to an increase in the modulus by several orders of magnitude. Not only are the moduli and macroscopic deformations influenced by microstructure evolution, but so is the magnetization of particles, which increases as they rearrange into dense columns. With this study, we show that the unified mean-field model provides quantitative access to hidden material properties such as magnetization and stiffness in MAE samples with different shapes and evolving microstructures.
Published by the American Physical Society
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