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Studiengang Master of Education für das Lehramt an Haupt- und Realschulen : Zugangs- und Zulassungsordnung, Redaktionelle Berichtigung, Neubekanntmachung
Get PDFPromotionsordnung der Fakultät I - Bildungs- und Gesellschaftswissenschaften der Universität Vechta
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Ausbrüche der Geflügelpest in Deutschland und den Vereinigten Staaten - Vergleich und Analyse
No full textOutbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) are common today all across the world. The occurrence of the virus in wild and domestic birds is neither limited to a certain avian species or to any species for that matter. The global poultry community needs to find a way to live with the constant threat and reoccurring out-breaks. This paper sheds light on two major outbreaks in the USA in 2015 and in Germany in 2017. For both countries, these outbreaks were the largest up until then and were therefor equally challenging for authorities and the poultry industry. The dissertation analyses the spatial development of the outbreaks and includes an economic impact assessment for each country. Locally applied virus mitigation methods are compared with regard to effectiveness and cost efficiency. The quantitative analysis is backed up by expert interviews in both the USA and Germany. The interviews validate quantitative results and improve the understanding of the industry and its key stakeholder. The statements of the interviews were categorized and further analyzed using inductive category formation. Through quantification of statements in each category, comparatability between results of both countries is achieved. Results show a clear and distinct spatial development of both outbreaks around clearly defined epicentres in areas with exceptionally high densities of poultry production. After a first line of small outbreaks, the virus spread wildly affecting a majority of operations in the areas. The devastating progression of the virus can be linked to ineffective, faulty or slow mitigation measures. In Germany, efficient mitigation processes were in place before the outbreak, yet small mistakes led to a cascade of ensuing outbreaks nonetheless. Overall, the poultry industry of the USA was affected more severely. Mitigation processes in Germany used financial resources more efficiently and indemnification payments for farmers were quicker and higher. At the same time, mitigation efforts were relatively cheaper in the USA. The secondary industry was impacted more severely in the USA due to longer idle production times. Experts supported these findings and demanded more commitement to biosecurity in the future
Bachelorstudiengang Combined Studies Teilstudiengang Erziehungswissenschaften - Übergangsordnung zur Prüfungsordnung Bachelor Combined Studies : Erste Änderung, Neubekanntmachung
No full textDie Zukunft der Dorfentwicklung im Lichte neuer Verantwortungsstrukturen und Planungsmethoden
Get PDFDen Herausforderungen in ländlichen Räumen (u.a. demografischer Wandel, Gewährleistung der Daseinsvorsorge) zu begegnen, zeigt sich aktuell als komplexe räumliche und politische Aufgabe. In der Frage nach passgenauen Handlungsstrategien, die gemeinsam mit den Menschen vor Ort gestaltet werden, eröffnet sich in der Orts- und Regionalentwicklung eine Diskussion über neue Verantwortungsverhältnisse.
Gegenstand der hier vorgestellten Dissertation ist das niedersächsische Förderprogramm der Dorfentwicklung, welches das Ziel der Unterstützung der Dörfer in ihrer Entwicklung als vitale Wohn-, Wirtschafts- und Lebensräume verfolgt. Forschungs- und Modellprojekte verdeutlichen, dass die Bürger*innen als zentrale Figuren in der niedersächsischen Dorfentwicklung erkannt worden sind und erste Ansätze hinsichtlich einer gemeinsamen Verantwortungsübernahme zwischen Kommune und Bewohner*innen diskutiert werden. Die analytisch-thematische Auseinandersetzung mit Verantwortung befindet sich noch in den Anfängen der wissenschaftlichen und politischen Debatten und hat bisher keine bedeutende Stellung im Förderprogramm inne. Ein Forschungsdefizit verdeutlicht sich hierbei in Möglichkeiten der Ausgestaltung und Umsetzung von Verantwortungsgemeinschaften aus der Perspektive der Planung.
Die Dissertation setzt sich am Beispiel der niedersächsischen Dorfentwicklung mit der Frage auseinander, inwieweit es einer neuen Ausrichtung des Förderprogramms in Bezug auf die Selbstgestaltung des Lebensraumes durch die Bürger*innen, neuer lokaler Verantwortungsstrukturen und damit einhergehend einer methodischen Anpassung bedarf. Hierzu werden mit Hilfe qualitativer Methoden der empirischen Sozialforschung Einschätzungen zu einer gemeinsamen Verantwortungsübernahme und der Ausgestaltung von Verantwortungsgemeinschaften vertiefend betrachtet und es wird ihr Potenzial für die Entwicklung ländlicher Räume untersucht. Die Fachperspektive von Planer*innen, ergänzt durch die Alltagsperspektive der Bürger*innen, verdeutlicht, dass neue Verantwortungsstrukturen, wie die Zusammenarbeit als Verantwortungsgemeinschaft, dazu beitragen können Dörfer als attraktive Räume zu gestalten und innovative Lösungsmöglichkeiten zu finden. Als zentrale Einflussfaktoren auf Verantwortungsgemeinschaften sind das Interesse an einer gemeinsamen Gestaltung, Wissen über Kompetenzen, Rollenverständnisse, Verstetigung und passende Rahmenbedingungen – wie die Ausgestaltung der Partizipation, Kommunikation und Entscheidungsfindung – zu bezeichnen.
Die Dissertation bietet eine empirische und multiperspektivische Grundlage, auf die sich das Ansinnen nach der Etablierung von Verantwortungsgemeinschaften stützen kann und schließt mit Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis und dem Aufzeigen des weiteren Forschungsbedarfs ab
Prüfungsordnung für den studiengangsübergreifenden Profilierungsbereich : Erste Änderung und Neubekanntmachung
No full textStudiengang Master of Education für das Lehramt an Grundschulen : Übergangsordnung zur Prüfungsordnung Master of Education für das Lehramt an Grundschulen (AMBl 23/2014 bis einschl. 01/2019), Erste Änderung, Neubekanntmachung
Get PDFMethodologie integrativer Analyse, Modellierung und Management umweltwissenschaftlicher Daten für landschaftsökologische Forschung und Lehre am Beispiel der Exposition von Wäldern gegenüber atmosphärischen Stoffeinträgen und daraus resultierender Veränderungen der Ökosystemintegrität in Kombination mit dem Klimawandel
Get PDFThe cumulative habilitation thesis summarizes 23 articles on the exposure of forests to atmospheric
heavy metal and nitrogen deposition and the resulting changes in ecosystem integrity linked to climate
change. It comprises a complete research data management and is based on a synoptic systematization
of studies that were presented and discussed at international conferences during the years 2014-2018
and published in international peer-reviewed journals.
The UNECE European Moss Survey (EMS) of the ICP Vegetation (1990-2015) serves as a central reference
framework for six articles on bioindication of atmospheric deposition in Germany. For the 2015
survey, the German biomonitoring network was reduced from 726 to 400 sites compared to the 2005
campaign. The restructured moss network 2015 is still harmonized with other environmental monitoring
networks in Germany (ICP Forests, ICP Integrated Monitoring, Environmental Specimen Bank).
Its restructuring took place without significant losses in the statistical validity of the measurement
results compared to 2005. The results of the German contribution to the EMS 2015 reveal a clear, significant
decline in the concentrations of mosses for most of the heavy metals (1990-2015), but not for
nitrogen (2005-2015) and mercury (1995-2015, in six federal states).
Four studies again demonstrate the suitability of ectohydric mosses as biomonitors for the atmospheric
deposition of Cd and Pb (Norway, 1995-2005, Europe, 2010) as well as N and Cu (Europe, 2010).
The spatial density of agricultural (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, N), forestral (Hg, Ni, V) and urban-industrial land use
(Cu, Zn) within radii between 75 and 100 km around the moss sampling sites, distance to emission
sources (As, Ni), precipitation (As, Cd, V), and altitude (As, Pb, Hg, V) were detected as major factors
influencing the element concentrations in mosses, in addition to the deposition rate. Similarly, there
are significant statistical correlations between heavy metal concentrations in the uppermost 3 cm of
the natural surface soil (Norway) and respective atmospheric heavy metal deposition (Cd, Hg, Pb), the
spatial density of urban-industrial land use within 5 km radius around the sampling point (Hg), precipitation
(Hg) and orographic altitude (Cd). The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the natural surface soil
reveal similar correlations with the deposition compared to the heavy metal concentrations in mosses.
The correlation behavior of moss with respect to atmospheric deposition (Europe) is clearly element-,
and respectively, ecoregion-specific. For Cu, the magnitude of these correlations depends on land uses
within smaller radii around the moss sampling sites (<5 km), and for As, Cr, Hg, Pb and V those within
larger radii (75-100 km) are of importance.
The findings of a seventh study on the German Moss Survey 2015 point to the moss sampling area's
Leaf Area Index (LAI) as a strong indicator of the canopy drip effect on element concentrations in moss
samples. Quantifications of the statistical relationships between the ratios of elemental concentrations
of adjacent sampling sites on the one hand and the corresponding leaf area indices on the other hand
allow transformations of the element concentrations in mosses to certain standardized vegetation
structures (grassland, deciduous forest, coniferous forest, etc.). If spatially representative information
on the vegetation structure at the moss sampling points is available, a regionalization of element concentration
in mosses for predefined land use classes is feasible, as shown for Cu, Pb, and N by the example
of Germany.
The integrative analysis of atmospheric heavy metal exposure of terrestrial ecosystems using biomonitoring
and modeling is the subject of six other articles of this thesis. Accordingly, in the European Monitoring
and Evaluation Programme (EMEP / MSC East Model, 2005, 2007-2011), 10 to 20% higher Cd
depositions and 50 to 230% higher Pb depositions were calculated in Germany compared to estimations
made with the chemical transport model LOTOS EUROS (LE). Deviations between the spatial
patterns of heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Germany and the depositions calculated with LE
give a clear signal for underestimates by the modeled deposition of As in Saxony and Cr in Mecklenburg-
West Pomerania as well as overestimation of V deposition in the coastal areas of the North and
Methodologie integrativer Analyse, Modellierung und Management umweltwissenschaftlicher Daten
VI
Baltic Seas. Comparisons between the declining trends in atmospheric Cd and Pb deposition (1998-
2013) calculated by use of the EMEP / MSC East model and the corresponding concentrations in leafs
and needles of the German Environmental Specimen Bank revealed the highest correlations in the
needles of the Spruce (Picea abies) in comparison to beech (Fagus sylvatica)and poplar (Populus nigra,
Italica'), whereby significant trends were only apparent from observation periods of 10 to 12 years.
Using the example of Germany, six further studies document the development of a spatially explicit
methodology for assessing the integrity of forest ecosystems under the influence of atmospheric deposition
of nitrogen in combination with climate change. The concept is based on vegetation data and
information on chemical and physical soil properties from a vegetation database kept by the Institute
of Forestry Eberswalde with currently about 21,600 sampling sites (as of 2013) as well as data on climate
change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The central reference is a classification system for
forest ecosystems in Germany with up to now 60 ecosystem types whose internal homogeneity is
based on the typification of essential features of the ecological structures, factors and processes. The
methodology is based on 14 indicators for six ecosystem functions and 60 ecosystem-type specific
reference states, which have been defined as a reference system for ecosystem integrity assessments
by use of data from the years 1961-1990. The studies also document results of mapping ecosystem
types and their validation at the national and regional level (Germany, Kellerwald-Edersee National
Park (Hesse)), predictive mapping of changes of their Germany-wide distribution under climate
change (1961-2070), site-specific dynamic modeling of future developments of key nutrient and water
flux indicators (1961-2070), fuzzy rule-based modeling of soil moisture in spatial and temporal differentiation
(Germany, Kellerwald, 1961-2070) as well as a rule-based method for comparisons with the
reference state and assessments of ecosystem integrity under the influence of climate change and nitrogen
deposition
