Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Predictors of Self-Efficacy of Avoiding Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke Among Pregnant Women
No full textTobacco use is a major risk factor for over 20 different types or subtypes of cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and numerous other debilitating health problems. Nicotine is also highly addictive. Over 7000 chemicals are found in smoked tobacco products, such as waterpipes, including at least 250 of those chemicals being known to be toxic or carcinogenic. People who do not smoke, exposure to secondhand smoke from burning tobacco products causes disease and premature death. Exposure to secondhand smoke has no safe level. Immediate harm can result from even a brief exposure. Roughly one-third of the global adult population engages in tobacco consumption. A significant proportion of individuals initiate smoking throughout their youth, and those who persist in smoking are at risk of succumbing to a smoking-related ailment. Smoking-related fatalities are increasing in the developing world, while smoking-induced diseases are believed to be the primary cause of premature deaths in developed countries. Pregnant women who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at risk of experiencing various complications that negatively impact on pregnancy and impede the growth of fetus. These complications include spontaneous abortion, miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, low birthweight, sudden infant death syndrome and stillbirth. The presence of nicotine in cigarette smoke induces vasoconstriction, leading to a decrease in the delivery of vital oxygen and nutrients required for the development of the fetus. Exposure to secondhand smoke has been associated with sleep-disordered breathing during childhood. Suggested mechanisms for this result include increased inflammation from the chronic exposure to tobacco leading to tonsillar hypertrophy and mucosal edema. Exposure to secondhand smoke increases the likelihood of children developing asthma, experiencing a decline in lung function, and developing middle ear disease. Similar to infancy, the prenatal period is particularly susceptible to the harmful consequences of tobacco consumption. This study aims to identify the predictors of self-efficacy of avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke among pregnant women. A descriptive correlational study was carried out in Baghdad city for the period from October 1st 2023 to April 4th 2024. A non-probability (purposive sample) sample of (390) pregnant women who visited the health care centers in Baghdad, Iraq. A questionnaire composed of demographic and reproductive characteristics, exposure to cigarette smoke by smoking, self-efficacy scale, and perceived barriers scale. The data were analyzed by using statistical package for social science, version 27. The multiple regression model exhibits that the number cigarettes husband smokes per day, number of hours a day women think they are exposed to cigarette smoke, number of cigarettes husband smokes per day, perceived barriers predict more participants’ Self-Efficacy respectively. On the other hand, the number of cigarettes husbands smoke in the car, in your home or near you, and number of cigarettes husband smokes per day respectively. Self-Efficacy of pregnant women predicts more likely to adopt avoidance behavior and it is necessary to develop educational programs to increase the self-efficacy of pregnant women and inform them about the effects of exposure to secondhand smoke on pregnancy and fetus
Assessment of the Findings of Tooth Resistance to Fracture after Root Canal Treatment Procedure
No full textRoot Canal treatment is a conservative treatment aimed at preserving a functional tooth for long periods with prevention/ treatment of pulp and periapical lesions to avoid caries and maintain it in situ. The objective of our study was to assess and delineate the degree of tooth resistance to fracture following the completion of root canal treatment. 95 patients between the ages of 25 and 55 years who underwent root canal treatment through root filling were recruited. The duration of the study ranged from one year, ranged ranged from January 14, 2022, to March 17, 2023, and patient data were collected from dental clinics in Baghdad, Iraq. In achieve of study’s aim, we evaluated the intensity of pain and the level of fracture resistance of the teeth in terms of mild, moderate, and severe after the root canal treatment procedure. Our findings shown that patients with ages (25 - 35) years were the most class which, include 45 cases; males had 57 cases and females had 38 cases; smokers were 56 cases, and tooth pain was the most symptoms prevalent in the patients, which include 74 cases, molar had 40 cases, which it was most common included within tooth types and location included maxilla had 57 cases, and mandibula had 38 cases, noncaries had 38 cases while primary caries 30 cases, the success rate of root filling procedure was 94.74% and the failure rate was 5.26%, where the degree of resistance of teeth to fracture classified into mild with 3 cases, moderate with 5 cases, and severe with 2 cases. The current study indicates that root canal treatment is an essential and crucial procedure to treat patients' dental caries, provides pain relief, and achieve the overall optimal health of patients
Medicinal Plants: The Potential of Combining a Group of Medicinal Plants to Avoid the Risks of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatments: A Narrative Review 2010-2024
No full textPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by ovarian cysts and hormonal imbalances. While estrogen and combination hormone therapies are commonly used for managing menopausal symptoms, concerns exist about their potential risks. Recently, phytoestrogen-rich plants and medicinal herbs have gained attention as alternative therapies for PCOS. This review examines 18 studies to assess the efficacy of herbal treatments for PCOS, with data sourced from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The analysis highlights the chemical properties, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic benefits of several herbs, demonstrating their potential in mitigating PCOS symptoms. The findings underscore the need for further research to validate the effectiveness of these alternative remedies
Selection Of Composition And Development Of Technology “Fordexa” Injection Drug Form
No full textToday, among ready-made drugs produced on an industrial scale, injectable drugs are in the leading positions in terms of their quick effect on the body and the level of low risk in the gastrointestinal tract. The composition and technology of sample solutions of “Fordexa” solutions for injection containing dexketoprofen trometamol, which are recommended for production at the local “BAYAN MEDICAL” LLC were developed
Level of Knowledge about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Individuals at Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease
No full textCardiovascular disease risk factors are certain habits, behaviors, events, or conditions which increase a person's risk for developing cardiovascular disease, such as lack of exercise, unhealthy eating, smoking, diabetes, age, and family history. Study aims to assess level of knowledge about risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among individuals at risk of developing coronary artery disease. This descriptive study was carried out with 86 employees in the University of Baghdad those individuals at risk of developing coronary artery disease and who are referred to university health center for the purpose of seeking treatment. This study was conducted between June and September 2024. Non - probability sampling (purpose sample) used in this study. The following instruments were used to collect data: demographic, clinical characteristics and The Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level (CARRF-KL). SPSS Version 22.0 was used; descriptive statistics, independent t test and ANOVA test is used to compare the means between two related groups. that overall CARRF-KL mean total score (M=19.267) that respondents’ knowledge level was moderate. And not significantly associated with sex, age, education level, medical history, family history of coronary artery disease, body mass index, smoking (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that, while individuals at risk of developing coronary artery disease have a moderate knowledge of the factors that contribute to cardiovascular events, there is still an obvious need for focused educational interventions to fill the identified knowledge gaps
Diabetes and its Impact on Vitamin D Levels Review
No full textDiabetes mellitus (DM), a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion or function, remains a significant global health challenge. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of vitamin D in bone health, immune function, and inflammation regulation, with growing interest in its influence on pancreatic insulin secretion and sensitivity. Despite this, the interplay between DM and vitamin D deficiency is not fully understood, particularly regarding its impact on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the relationship between DM and vitamin D, exploring how DM affects vitamin D levels and how vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate diabetes progression. A comprehensive review of existing studies reveals that vitamin D deficiency impairs insulin secretion and sensitivity, contributing to worsened glycemic control in both types of DM. These findings underscore the potential of vitamin D as a therapeutic target for improving diabetes management and warrant further investigation to establish effective intervention strategies
A Multi-Modal Approach for Early and Accurate Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Using Advanced Diagnostic Techniques
No full textParkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, and stiffness, necessitating accurate and early diagnosis for effective management. Despite advancements, existing diagnostic methods often lack precision and reliability. This study addresses the gap by proposing a novel multimodal integration approach utilizing speech and handwriting data, coupled with machine learning techniques, to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The methodology involves preprocessing and feature extraction from voice and handwriting datasets, followed by the application of various machine learning algorithms for classification and regression tasks. Late fusion techniques, such as weighted averaging, are employed to combine results, improving overall diagnostic performance. Preliminary findings demonstrate the potential of this approach in providing a reliable tool for early detection of PD, with significant implications for clinical practice and patient care
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism In Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism Of Development
No full textThis study explores the mechanisms of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) development in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its implications. SHPT arises due to chronic hypocalcemia and is exacerbated by disturbances in calcium-phosphorus metabolism and vitamin D deficiency. A literature review methodology was used, analyzing peer-reviewed studies to understand SHPT's pathophysiology, diagnostic markers, and treatment strategies. Findings indicate that SHPT results in elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, causing systemic skeletal damage, vascular calcification, and renal osteodystrophy. Early diagnosis involves assessing serum PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels, alongside imaging and histomorphometric bone analyses. Treatment includes dietary phosphorus restrictions, phosphate binders, vitamin D analogs, calcimimetics, and parathyroidectomy in severe cases. These interventions aim to regulate PTH levels and prevent complications like fractures and calciphylaxis. This research underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for effective management and highlights the importance of innovative therapies for long-term SHPT control in CKD patients
THE EFFECTS OF PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS AND COLCHICINE ON THE CONTROL OF SYMPTOMS, DURATION, AND DISEASE PROGRESSION OF MILD AND MODERATE CASES OF COVID-19: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
No full textBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerging human disease caused by a novel coronavirus, causing a global pandemic crisis. Probiotics and/or colchicine may be considered as options for treatment since they have anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of probiotic supplements (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and colchicine on symptoms, duration, and progression of mild and moderate cases of COVID-19 infection. Methods: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in the triage clinic of the family medicine department at Ain Shams University Hospitals on 150 participants who had been diagnosed as COVID-19 patients with mild and moderate severity. Patients aged below 18 years or above 65 years with any co-morbidities, pregnant or lactating females, and severe COVID-19 confirmed cases were excluded. Randomization was done by using sealed envelopes containing codes for intervention or control. Patients are followed up for improvement of their symptoms with no development of new symptoms over the course of two weeks. Results: A total of 150 patients with mild and moderate severity of COVID-19 were enrolled in the study, 50 patients in each arm; around one third (34.7%) of the participants were aged between 29 and 39 years; one-quarter (24.7%) were aged between 18 and 28 years and 40.6% were aged 40 years and above. The mean duration of symptoms improvement was 12, 11 and 12 in the colchicine, probiotic, and control groups, respectively. Improvement of inflammatory markers over time occurred in each of the three groups, with no statistically significant difference between them. Conclusion: Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and colchicine shows no significant effect on the symptoms, duration, and progression of mild and moderate cases of COVID-19.
Trial registration: The study was registered at Protocol Registration and Results System (No. NCT05911022) registered on 20/06/2023. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0591102
EFFECT OF THE CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY ON TEACHING AND RETAINING SOME BASIC FOOTBALL SKILLS TO FIFTH-GRADE MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS
No full textA successful teacher can mix and match using modern methods, teaching methods, and strategies to reduce the learner's boredom and boredom during the lesson. The research aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to the concept mapping strategy in teaching and retaining some basic football skills for fifth-grade middle school students. The research community was determined from the fifth-grade students of Hassan Ibn Thabet Secondary School - Maysan Education Directorate for school year (2022/2023), who totaled (103) students representing three classes. The research sample was chosen by lottery and included (56) students representing Section (B), the control group, and Section (C), representing the experimental group. (28) students per group. The researcher will conclude that nature Using a concept mapping strategy that matches the capabilities available to the sample, led to learning and retaining basic football skills. The researcher was also recommended to rely on the theoretical concept strategy and link it to the applied aspect when implementing the physical education lesson in various events