Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Comparison and Survey Study of Toxoplasmosis Between Karbala and Babylon Governorates
No full textLanguage proficiency is a fundamental component of effective communication, particularly in educational and professional settings. In the context of Arabic grammar, understanding syntactic structures is essential for linguistic accuracy and fluency. The study of grammatical structures, particularly those related to verbs, remains a critical area of research in Arabic linguistics. Certain verb forms present unique challenges in interpretation and application, influencing both written and spoken discourse. While previous studies have explored various grammatical structures in Arabic, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis regarding the classification and syntactic functions of specific verb forms, leading to inconsistencies in linguistic interpretation. This study aims to analyze the syntactic structures of selected Arabic verb forms, identifying their grammatical roles and classification to enhance linguistic clarity and educational methodologies. The findings reveal key distinctions in verb classifications and their syntactic functions, highlighting patterns that contribute to a more precise understanding of Arabic grammar. These results provide valuable insights into the structural intricacies of the language. Unlike conventional studies that focus on broad grammatical categories, this research offers a detailed examination of specific verb structures, shedding light on their unique syntactic behaviors and functional variations. The study contributes to Arabic linguistic scholarship by refining grammatical classification systems, facilitating improved language instruction, and supporting more accurate syntactic analysis in both academic and professional contexts
The Role of Cytokines in Autoimmune Diseases: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications
No full textAutoimmune diseases are characterized by the immune system's aberrant response against the body's own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Cytokines, as critical mediators of immune responses, play a pivotal role in the development and progression of autoimmune disorders. These small signaling proteins regulate the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of immune cells, and their dysregulation can trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-17, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) have been found to be highly expressed in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Conversely, anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) attempt to counterbalance this response but are often insufficient to control disease progression. Understanding the specific cytokine profiles and their interactions provides valuable insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases. Moreover, targeting cytokines has become a promising therapeutic approach. Biologic agents such as monoclonal antibodies and receptor antagonists have been developed to inhibit specific cytokines, significantly improving clinical outcomes in many patients. However, challenges remain, including the risk of immunosuppression and variability in patient response. Future research is focused on identifying more precise cytokine targets and developing personalized cytokine-based therapies. In conclusion, cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and modulating their activity holds great potential for innovative and effective treatments
Evaluating the Impact of Psoriasis on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in Al Nasiriya, Thi-Qar, Iraq
No full textPsoriasis is a lifelong inflammatory skin illness that may have an new Serious Consequences on a patient’s quality of life. An immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Quality of life (QOL) serves as a sensitive measure to evaluate a patient's health status after receiving treatment and assessing the overall impact of the treatment on their well-being. Aim: the survey was n proposed to estimate the quality of life of a group of persons who have Psoriasis, also for explore potential connections between different components of quality of life (such as physical, psychological, social, and environmental health) and specific factors related to the patients. Method: A 50 patients with Psoriasis are included in the study. The world health Organizations quality of life assessment (WHOQOL-BREEF), short style questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life after being revised and transformed to regional Arabic language. the patients were selected based on their accessibility and availability to the researchers. The mean age of the patients in the study was ( 32.98 ± 6.209). The study was conducted at AL Hussein Teaching Hospital / dermatology department in thi-qar city between November 2023 to March 2024. The questionnaire covers four main domains (26 questions ): Physical Health, Psychological Well-being, Social Relationships, Environmental domain, Each domain contains several questions that collectively measure that specific aspect of quality of life. Result: The response rate was 100 %. Female were 32 while 18 were males. For overall QOL, Very poor (34%), Poor (62%) and Neither poor nor good (4%). For physical activity domain (Mean =.35 ± 4.79) ; and the social health domain (Mean = 21.00 ± 14.60), Psychological health (35.58 ± 3.38 ), Environmental health (44.31 ± 11.23). The total mean score was 36.31, as described as poor. In univariate analysis, age was inversely correlated with both QOL-psychological health and QOL-social health. Gender was inversely associated with all components of QOL except psychological health, where there was no correlation. Furthermore, Higher education levels were inversely associated with all components of QOL except social health, where there was no correlation. In multivariate analysis, only the age was inversely linked to psychological domain. Educational level were inversely linked to physical and psychological health. Gender was inversely linked to all components of QOL except psychological health, where there was no correlation. In Conclusion: QOL of Psoriasis patients with were poor and this condition influence social domain by the first degree, psychological activity and environmental domains are also slightly affected, the physical health domain is slightly affected. Also, It was concluded that in patients with psoriasis, age have inverse relationship with psychological health, Education level have inverse relationship with physical and psychological health, Gender have inverse relationship with all components of QOL except psychological health, where there was no correlation
Synthesis, Characterization, and DFT cucalutions, Biological Study of Five-membered Cyclic Containing the sulfur and nitrogen
No full textThiazolidinediones have biological activity in pharmaceutical industry. The presence of N-3 and C-5 positions in the TZD core scaffold makes it a versatile and flexible piece that exhibits its biological activities. Therefore, two thiazolidinedione derivatives were prepared and their antimicrobial activity was studied. The antibacterial activity was measured and the computational study of the synthesized derivatives was performed using Gaussian program to calculate some important thermodynamic parameters
Does Every Diabetic Patient Have Obesity? or Does Every Obese Necessarily Have Diabetes?
No full textThis study explores the relationship between diabetes mellitus and obesity, we try to answer the popular question “Does every diabetic patient have obesity, or does every obese individual develop diabetes?" the data on the chart is collected from different countries worldwide, the research highlights different regions where diabetes and obesity are prevalence. The result show that high diabetes prevalence does not always correlate with high obesity rates, as seen in Pakistan, where genetic predispositions play a critical role. Conversely, countries like American Samoa exhibit high rates of both conditions due to dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles. The study underscores the impact of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors in shaping the global diabetes-obesity landscape. Ultimately, the study show that the importance of balanced diets, physical activity, and effective healthcare systems in mitigating the dual burden of diabetes and obesity
Diagnosis and Treatment of Monkeypox Patients a Review
No full textA viral disease that affects children and young adults, it begins gradually and the infection may be mild. The infection turns into an acute stage in a high percentage of patients. The disease develops in the acute stage to encephalitis, myocarditis or pneumonia, and eye problems in severe cases.Monkeypox virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide. The country bears the largest burden in the world in terms of monkeypox infection and will be a major contributor to the elimination of this disease globally. The country has made good progress in reducing monkeypox virus infection in previous years, Iraq still faces challenges in achieving its goal of reducing the mortality and morbidity rate of monkeypox at present. Based on the objectives of the WHO global health sector strategy on monkeypox, we highlight other priorities for action to eliminate this virus in Iraq to achieve the impact goal of reducing mortality, and we suggest prioritizing service coverage targets for diagnosis and treatment. First, there is a need to improve the diagnostic and treatment capacities of medical institutions and health workers. Second, the government needs to reduce the financial burden of health care on patients. Third, there is a need for better coordination across existing national programs and resources to establish an integrated prevention and control system that covers prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection and monkeypox across the life cycle. In this way, progress can be made towards the goal of eliminating monkeypox in Iraq
Using Water Quality Index to Assessment of Ground Water Quality for Drinking Uses in Tuzkhurmatu City, Iraq
No full textA criteria for assessing the quality of water and determining its suitability for varies uses is the Water Quality Index. For examining the general chemical properties of water quality, the Water Quality Index (WQI) is a crucial and effective instrument. 16 groundwater samples, in total, were gathered and their principal cations and anions were examined used at Tuzkhurmatu city in Salah Aldeen governorate, Iraq. 12 parameters including: sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), bicarbonate (HCO3), sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) has been used to applied WQI . The computed WQI values varied from 56.73 (sample 2) to 1072.69 (sample 4). Calculated WQI results showed four classes: unsuitable water in samples (1, 4, 10) with the percentage of 18.7%, very poor water in samples (11, 14) with the percentage of 12.5%, poor water in samples (5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 16) with the percentage of 50% and good water in samples (2, 3, 7) with the percentage 18.7%. TDS values ranged between 436 and 20780 mg/l, most of ground water samples classified as brackish water, saline water and fresh water. EC values ranged between 620 and 26250 (µs/cm), most of groundwater samples categorized as excessively mineralized water. TH values ranged between 310.83 and 7556.92 (mg/l), all ground water samples categorized as vary hard water. To ascertain if the groundwater samples were suitable for drinking purpose, the TDS, EC and TH results of groundwater samples were compared with the world health organization (WHO) and Iraq quality standard (IQS) to determine its suitability for drinking purpose indicate to the all ground water samples exceeded permissible limits aimed at drinking water value except samples (2,3,5,7) are not exceeded permissible limits. It was clear from the water quality assessment that the most of Tuzkhurmatu city ground water was unsuitable for drinking. The findings of this research indicate to decrease the groundwater quality this might be as a result for anthropogenic activities around the sampling area mainly sewer waste water contamination sources within water samples from the studied area
Virulence Factors of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Comparative Genomic and Phenotypic Analysis
No full textMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a major global health concern due to its high virulence and resistance to antimicrobial treatment. Understanding the genomic and phenotypic characteristics of MDR K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella variicola is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. While previous studies have focused on antibiotic resistance, comprehensive genomic and phenotypic analyses of MDR Klebsiella strains remain limited. This study aimed to investigate the molecular, genomic, and phenotypic characteristics of MDR Klebsiella isolates, focusing on serotype distribution, biofilm formation, and virulence potential. Whole-genome sequencing identified a high prevalence of O1/O2 serotypes (67%) and diverse K locus serotypes, with ST15-KL19 being the most frequent. The ST280-KL23 strain exhibited superior biofilm formation, while the KL105-O1/O2v2 serotype demonstrated the highest virulence in the Galleria mellonella model. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of key resistance genes, including blaKPC3 and blaOXA-48, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. This study highlights the association between specific serotypes, virulence factors, and resistance genes, emphasizing the role of hypermucoviscosity and biofilm formation in Klebsiella pathogenicity. These findings underscore the necessity of continuous molecular surveillance to track emerging MDR strains and inform alternative therapeutic strategies to mitigate public health risks
Association of some Biochemical Markers, Hepatitis B, and C Viruses with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kirkuk City/Iraq
No full textHepatitis B and C viruses could be found in diabetes patients and increase the severity of the disease. A major worldwide public health issue is vitamin D deficiency. It has a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Objectives: To address the correlation of some biomarkers such as [Vitamin D3, S. Ferritin, and total serum bilirubin], HCV, and HBV with diabetes mellitus type 2 of patients from Kirkuk city, Iraq this study has been performed. The current study was case-control study, included 100 diabetic patients and 100 non-diabetic patients, which was achieved on patients with diabetes mellitus type II within age group [25-75] years, who showed up at Kirkuk General Hospital from the period of January 1st 2024 to January 15th 2025. HCV, HBV, Vit. D3, S. Ferritin, and TSB were evaluated for both the patients and control groups. The current study, displayed the greatest ratio 20 [40%] of diabetic male were within age group [66-75] years old, while the lowest proportion 3 [6%] of male with diabetes mellitus in age group [25-35] years old. There was lowering of vitamin D3 mean levels [14.50±3.42 ng/ml] within diabetic patients in comparison to the non-diabetic ones [48.83±10.89 ng/ml]. Seven diabetic patients out 100 had HCV infection in comparison to only 1 non-diabetic patient that had HCV infection, the variances were not-significant [P=0.065]. 10% of the diabetic patients had HBV infection in matching to 1% of the non-diabetic individuals had HBV infection and the variations were significant [P=0.033].: Diabetes mellitus are more prevalent among elderly patients. HCV and HBV infections could be associated with diabetes mellitus and male patients. Lowering of Vitamin D3 and S. Ferritin levels could be correlated with old-ages and diabetes mellitus
Synthesis and Characterization of New Series of Heterocyclic Schiff Bases Derivatives by Cyclization and Studying Their Antibacterial Activity
No full textThiazolidinone derivatives are known for their broad biological activities, particularly antibacterial properties. This study reports the synthesis of novel thiazolidinone derivatives from Schiff bases via cyclization with thioglycolic acid. The compounds were characterized using FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, TLC, and melting point analysis. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (Gram-positive) as well as Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (Gram-negative) using the Mueller Hinton agar diffusion method. The results revealed promising antibacterial efficacy, with structural modifications significantly influencing activity. These findings contribute to the development of thiazolidinone-based antibacterial agents and structure-activity insights