Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Effect of Preoperative Hematocrit on Prolonged Hospitalization for Patients Undergoing Coronary Arteries Bypass Grafting surgery
No full textThis research intended to address the question, "How does a low preoperative hematocrit level affect the risk of prolonged hospital stay in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery?". The methodology of this research is a prospective comparative study. the study included a random selection of one hundred patients who were scheduled to have isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. These patients were admitted to the surgical ward sequentially and monitored throughout their procedures, both during and after surgery. The anemic group consisted of patients whose preoperative hematocrit levels were below 36%, whereas non-anemic group consisted of patients whose previous hematocrit levels were over 36%, based on data obtained from direct interviews and patient medical records. patients were monitored both during and after the procedure in the surgical ward, the intensive care unit and the intraoperative period. Information gathered from patient medical records, interviews, and observation. The use of a checklist composed of four parts. Part 1: Patients’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics preoperative, part2: intraoperative data, part3: intensive care unit data, part4: postoperative surgical ward. The research examined 41 individuals of anemic group patient who had low hematocrit levels before surgery. Significant variations were seen in variables related to intraoperative events such as changes in ECG, resuscitation, blood and platelet transfusion, and mortality. Among the groups undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery procedure, there were a notable increase of early complications in the anemic group issues linked to postoperative intensive care unit and surgical ward stay, including ventilator time, pulmonary difficulties, drain volume, and blood transfusion. Significant prolonged hospital stay is associated with lower hematocrit levels before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery; however, other risk factors should also be taken into account
Effectiveness of an Intervention Program on Nurses` Practice toward Care of Transition to Oral Feeding for Preterm Neonate
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the intervention program in nurses' practices toward care for transition to oral feeding for premature neonates. A quasi-experimental study conducted at Al-Batoul Teaching Hospital in Diyala Governorate for the period from October 1, 2023 to February 26, 2024. The study sample consisted of 60 nurses who were divided into two groups: the experimental and the control group. Data were collected through pretests, study group intervention sessions, and posttests at 2 weeks and 1 month. The control group underwent similar procedures without the intervention program. Data were analyzed by applying descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that both the experimental and control groups showed similar practices with no statistically significant differences. However, in the first post-test period, the experimental group showed a significant improvement (2.53 ± 0.373) compared to the control group (1.43 ± 0.216), indicating the effectiveness of the educational program (t = 13.899; p = 0.000). This improvement continued over an extended period after the second test, with significant differences between the experimental (2.44 ± 0.453) and control (1.47 ± 0.280) groups, highlighting the sustained effectiveness of the educational program (t = 9.944; p = 0.000). The introduction of a specialized training program for nurses has significantly enhanced their skills, highlighting the effectiveness of such interventions. Evidence suggests that nurses in the intervention group benefited significantly from specialist training in the care of premature neonates during the transition to oral feeding. It is recommended to propose the implementation of specialized training programs for nurses focusing on the care of premature neonates during the transition to oral feeding. These programs should be tailored to meet the unique challenges of this stage
Understanding the Factors Impacting Success Rates of Laser Fistula Surgery
No full textThis study aims to evaluate the efficiency of laser treatment for fistulas, a common yet challenging condition due to its recurrent nature. Despite various treatment approaches, a significant knowledge gap exists regarding the long-term success rates and patient quality of life post-surgery. Using clinical data from 87 patients across different hospitals in Iraq, this research employs a retrospective analysis of medical records to assess laser surgery outcomes. The findings reveal that laser fistula surgery has a high success rate (73.56% excellent, 22.99% good) with minimal complications, lower pain levels, and improved quality of life. The results suggest that laser surgery is an optimal treatment for fistulas, offering faster recovery and reduced recurrence rates. These implications highlight the potential of laser treatment as a preferred method, encouraging further adoption and study to enhance surgical outcomes for fistula patients
Relationship Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Sociodemographic Characteristics Among Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
No full textThis study aims to determine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their sociodemographic characteristics. A descriptive correlational design was used for this study, conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. A non-probability (convenience sampling) sample of 400 women was selected from infertility clinics in Babylon City, Iraq. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included sociodemographic characteristics and the PCOS-related HRQoL scale. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 27, applying non-parametric statistical tests such as Spearman's correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that the average age of the participants was 28.95 years, with an average marriage duration of 7.43 years. There were significant correlations between HRQoL dimensions and women's sociodemographic characteristics. Specifically, the study found a positive relationship between body mass index (BMI) and HRQoL, while there was a negative relationship between the number of children and HRQoL. Women with more children tended to have better PCOS-related quality of life in terms of physical symptoms. In contrast, women without children or with fewer children experienced worse quality of life related to infertility, acne, and overall HRQoL. The study indicates that the fewer children women with PCOS have, the poorer their health-related quality of life is in terms of infertility, acne, and overall HRQoL. Conversely, the more children they have, the better their quality of life is in terms of physical symptoms. Additionally, there is a relationship between BMI and HRQoL in women with PCOS, with higher BMI being associated with better HRQoL in terms of weight, physical symptoms, and overall scale
Characteristics of Cerebral Cortex Bioelectric Activity in Neonatal and Postneonatal Children With Bilirubin Encephalopathy
No full textWe used cerebrocortical electrical activity as a measure of bilirubin neurotoxicity in our investigation. Particularly impacted by elevated bilirubin levels are the cerebral hemispheres and thalamic cortex. The connection between the thalamus and the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres produces the rhythmic waves in the EEG, which increases the electrophysiological influence of bilirubin on the brain's bioelectric potential in the long term postnatal age on rhythmic oscillations. examined. The development of the brain's bioelectrical activity, as well as the waves' aberrant characteristics and quantitative power spectrum analysis, were investigated. 25 full-term newborns with bilirubin encephalopathy and 40 healthy infants provided 195 EEG recordings for this purpose (the first assessment was in the first week, the second examination was at 3 months, and the third examination was at 6 months). Delta and theta frequencies make up the primary frequency component in all recordings for both groups. In the initial recordings, the group with hyperbilirubinemia had a greater delta frequency than the control group, but their theta, alpha, and beta frequencies as well as amplitude levels were lower (p < 0.001). The amount of bilirubin was found to be substantially correlated with these changes (p < 0.001). The hyperbilirubinemia group's wave amplitude grew to a level comparable to the control group during the second assessment. Delta and theta frequency bands showed substantial alterations associated to postnatal age (p < 0.001). As we age, the frequency of theta rises while the frequency of delta falls in all regions of the cerebral hemispheres. Additionally, we detected abnormal bielectric activity and recorded epileptiform waves in newborns with bilirubin encephalopathy. This shift in bioelectric activity is particularly indicative of encephalopathy. Despite the disparities in all brain regions, there were differences in delta frequency and theta frequency between children in the hyperbilirubinemia group and those with moderate bilirubin encephalopathy. These differences vanished by the third month. In the third month, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of vertex, K complex, and sleep spindles (p>0.05). We discovered that the amount of bilirubin in the blood, the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, and the clinical course of bilirubin encephalopathy all influence the effects of hyperbilirubinemia on cerebrocortical electrical activity.
 
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of CuS/ZrS2 Composites Prepared by Precipitation Method
No full textThe aim of this research is to investigate the antibacterial activity of CuS/ZrS2 composites synthesized via the precipitation method. The synthesis involved the combination of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2.8H2O), copper chloride dihydrate (CuCl2.2H2O), and sodium sulfide (Na2S) with ultrasonic irradiation applied at different times (60 and 120 minutes). The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and UV-VIS-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The FESEM analysis revealed the morphology and size of the nanocomposites, with average particle sizes of 40.94 nm and 26.76 nm for CuS/ZrS2-60 and CuS/ZrS2-120 composites, respectively. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the composites. The antibacterial activity of the CuS/ZrS2 nanocomposites was tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis). The composites demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, suggesting their potential for medical and industrial applications
The Study Focuses on Advanced Chemical Treatments for the Removal of Pb and Cd From Industrial Effluents in Mosul
No full textThe study looks at the ability of ammonium molybdate to remove lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater in Mosul. It uses a 2% solution, which often produces contaminated sewage. Standard curves for Pb and Cd were generated using atomic absorption spectroscopy, which showed good linearity for absolute metal concentrations in environmental samples The study found considerable variation in metal concentrations across sites, with Cd concentrations ranging from 0.0303 to 0.2128 ppm/ml and Pb concentration ranged from 0.0303 to 0.2128 ppm/ml from 0.00591 to 8.6604 ppm/ml The severe case of heavy metal pollution in normal water It was revealed that the application of Ammonium molybdate treatment resulted in significant decreases in the concentrations of complex reactive compounds and Pb and Cd Follow-up analyzes showed that the average concentrations of Pb and Cd, with significant decreases at specific sites. The study highlights the effectiveness of ammonium molybdate in precipitation and removal of heavy metals from wastewater, suggesting its potential for industrial pollution control and pollution control strategies. It recommends further research to consider long-term environmental sustainability and explore integrated approaches to wastewater management, thereby enhancing environmental protection and regulation a compliance has increased
Effect of Iron Overload on the Liver Enzymes of Thalassemia Patients in Dhi Qar province
No full textHereditary hematologic diseases arise from hereditary factors that lead to disturbances in the balance of blood. The aim of this study was to assess the physiological characteristics of liver enzymes and investigate the impact of iron on these enzymes. For this investigation, a total of 150 blood samples were gathered. At the Thi-Qar Centre for Incendiary Disease in Nasiriyah City/Thi-Qar Province, fifty samples were taken from patients suffering from thalassemia, while twenty-five samples were taken from healthy individuals. Both the severity of the disease (thalassemia major and intermediate) and the gender of the patient are being taken into consideration while categorizing the patients into two groups. After receiving consent from the patients, samples were obtained between the months of January 2024 and February 2024. In this study, patients with thalassemia had substantially greater levels of ferritin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase compared to the control group. Liver enzyme levels did not differ significantly between thalassemia major and thalassemia intermediate, according to the study. In contrast, ferritin levels were much greater in thalassemia major than in thalassemia intermediate or minor. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the sexes when it came to ferritin and liver enzymes. Considering the study's conclusions , it was determined that the ferritin level brought about several difficulties and had a negative impact on the enzymes in the liver
Relation of some Physiological and Biochemical Parameters with Jaundice in Newborns
No full textThe current study aimed to know the effect of jaundice in newborns on some physiological and biochemical parameters and compare them with healthy children. The study showed that the incidence rate in male children is greater than female children. As for liver enzymes (ALT) and (ALP), Comparing the results to healthy individuals, it was shown that there was a notable rise in enzyme activity as well as a notable drop in enzyme activity. The study also showed changes in some levels of Glucuronosyl Transferase (GUT1 (oxidative stress MDA) malondialdehyde) and some antioxidants such as (GSH) in the body, where we noticed a decrease in the level of (GSH) compared to healthy people. Thus, we conclude from this current study that jaundice is associated with several factors, including liver metabolism and levels of oxidative stress and the mechanism of bile secretion from the gallbladder
Ecological Classification and Diversity of Terrestrial Molluscs in Mount Karatepa, Uzbekistan
No full textThis study addresses the ecological classification and diversity of terrestrial molluscs in the Mount Karatepa region of the Zarafshan mountain range. While extensive research exists on molluscs, specific insights into their ecological groups and distribution in this area are lacking. To fill this gap, we employed the Pazilov and Azimov (2003) ecological classification method to analyze over 200 molluscs from 22 species, categorizing them into xerobionts, mesobionts, and psychrobionts. Our findings highlight a high diversity of molluscs, with mesobionts emerging as the most prevalent group. These results enhance our understanding of mollusc ecological adaptations and biodiversity in different biotopes, offering valuable information for conservation strategies in the region