Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Diabesity Effects on Fetuin- A, Adiponectin and Leptin
No full textAn increasing amount of epidemiological research connects liver function to excessive weight and its aftereffects, that also diabetes and metabolic illness. Experiments showed a elaborate system of connections in relation to liver and fat storage that mutually regulate their respective activities, in line with human findings. The main mediators of this connection are hormone/cytokine signals located in the fat (adiponectin and leptin) and the liver (fetuin-A). We will discuss the latest advancements in our comprehension of the processes underpinning the interaction in relation to the liver and adipose tissue that puts individuals at risk for diabetes, obesity, and other health problems. Increased fetuin-A degrees are link to grow likelihood of developing type two diabetes and the metabolic illness. Adiponectin deficiency is associated with multiple illnesses, that also atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes as well as body fat. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which result from inadequate leptin signaling in the hypothalamus (produced by hyperleptinemia in obese individuals), are the primary causes of diabetes mellitus
In Vivo Evaluation of Pumpkin Seed Extract on Entamoeba histolytica Activity
No full textIn regions like Iraq, where amoebiasis is prevalent, finding effective treatments against Entamoeba histolytica is crucial due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This study investigates the potential antiamebic properties of the ethanolic extract of pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita pepo) as an alternative medication. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, the efficacy of C. pepo extracts against E. histolytica was evaluated, with metronidazole as a comparative control. GC-MS analysis identified compounds with known antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in the extract. Results showed significant anti-amoebic activity of C. pepo extracts, particularly at a concentration of 500 µg/ml, with mortality rates ranging from 58.13% to 86.95%. Additionally, previous studies corroborate the anthelmintic properties of C. pepo against various parasites. These findings suggest the potential of C. pepo as a natural treatment for amoebic dysentery, highlighting its broader implications in combating parasitic infections and addressing the limitations of current therapies
Ureteroscopy in Unconventional Stone Cases
No full textUreteroscopy (URS) is increasingly utilized in the management of urinary stone disease across a spectrum of non-standard clinical scenarios. This review synthesizes evidence on URS application in challenging situations including bilateral urolithiasis, single kidney stones, obesity, renal transplant recipients, pregnant women, and pediatric patients. Drawing from a comprehensive literature review, this article evaluates outcomes, complications, and adherence to current guidelines from the European Association of Urology (EAU) and the American Urological Association (AUA). Notably, bilateral URS, although associated with lower stone-free rates and higher reoperation rates compared to unilateral procedures, demonstrates safety and efficacy. URS in single kidney patients exhibits favorable stone-free rates with manageable complications. In obese individuals, URS proves comparable to outcomes in the general population. URS emerges as a viable option for urolithiasis in renal transplant recipients, pregnant women, and children, offering high stone-free rates and acceptable morbidity. The review underscores the importance of obstetric support in pregnant patients and emphasizes the acceptability of URS and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as first-line therapies for pediatric stones. Despite advancements in URS technology facilitating its use in diverse clinical scenarios, further randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate its efficacy across these populations
Variability in Ultrasound Patterns of Osteochondral Changes in Arthropathies
No full textThe early detection and monitoring of osteochondral abnormalities associated with various arthropathies are essential for effective management. This study aimed to identify distinctive ultrasound manifestations indicative of hyaline cartilage and underlying bone alterations in different arthropathies and connective tissue disorders. A total of 540 patients with joint symptoms were examined using high-resolution ultrasound equipment. Ultrasound features of cartilage and bone changes were analyzed, with specific variations observed across rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reactive arthritis (ReA), gouty arthritis (GdA), osteoarthritis (OA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic scleroderma (SSc), and psoriatic arthropathy (PsA). Results revealed characteristic patterns of cartilage thinning, thickening, and erosions, as well as bone sclerosis and marginal bone growths, unique to each condition. Notably, early cartilage erosion detection occurred within approximately 2.9 months from the onset of destructive arthritis. This study underscores the high sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound diagnostics in detecting and monitoring osteochondral abnormalities, offering valuable insights for early intervention and treatment strategies in arthropathies
Prevalence and Management of Peptic Ulcers in Pregnant Women in Baghdad
No full textPeptic ulcers in pregnant women pose a therapeutic challenge due to the need to balance treatment efficacy with fetal safety. This study aimed to explore the prevalence, causes, symptoms, and management strategies of peptic ulcers among pregnant women. The research involved 140 pregnant participants from various hospitals and clinics, confirmed through clinical and laboratory examinations. Data collection was conducted via a validated questionnaire covering demographics, medical and family history, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors. Results indicated a 2% prevalence of peptic ulcers among the participants, with Helicobacter pylori infection, NSAID use, and psychological distress identified as significant risk factors. Symptoms included stomach pain, nausea, heartburn, and acid reflux. Management strategies emphasized lifestyle modifications, cautious use of antacids and antibiotics, and stress management techniques. Findings highlighted the need for careful treatment planning and ongoing research to improve care for pregnant women with peptic ulcers
Understanding Stomach Ulcers and Blood Profile Changes
No full textPeptic ulcers are a common gastrointestinal condition causing inflammatory damage to the stomach or duodenal mucosa, extending into deeper tissue layers. Symptoms range from mild abdominal pain to severe bleeding and perforation. This article provides a detailed overview of peptic ulcers, including types, symptoms, defense mechanisms of the gastric mucosa, and treatment options. It also examines the impact of peptic ulcers on blood composition, revealing significant changes. The study highlights a knowledge gap in understanding the full systemic effects of peptic ulcers. The research aims to elucidate these effects using a comprehensive review and analysis. Results indicate that peptic ulcers significantly affect blood and gland physiology, suggesting the need for preventative measures and targeted treatments to manage this complex condition. Implications of these findings underscore the importance of avoiding contributing factors to prevent associated illnesses and improve treatment efficacy
Night Shifts Impair Nurses Social Lives and Mental Health in Iraq
No full textThe prevalence of night-shift nursing has surged globally, recognizing nursing as a stressful occupation, particularly for those enduring long-hour night shifts, which results in heightened stress, excessive workloads, sleep disorders, psychological issues, and reduced social support. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of night shift work on social participation and lifestyle among nurses in Baghdad's Teaching Hospitals. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January 18, 2024, to April 18, 2024, involving 210 nurses (both male and female) from various shifts. Data were collected through interviews and a questionnaire covering demographic information and aspects of social participation and lifestyle. Results indicated the average nurse age was 32.73 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Educational levels varied, with the majority holding diplomas. Findings revealed that 50% of nurses experienced moderate night shift problems and 82.86% faced moderate psychological issues. The study concluded that night shift work significantly impacts nurses' psychological well-being and social participation, altering their lifestyle. These findings underscore the need for strategies to mitigate these negative effects on nurses' health and social engagement
Study of the Physical Properties of Water from Some Wells North of Al-Dur District
No full textThe present study was conducted at the University of Tikrit, College of Education for Women, Department of Life Sciences, and involved a field study of the physical and chemical properties of groundwater north of Al-Dur District (Naameh area). The study aimed to determine the water quality from September 2023 to February 2024. Seven wells were selected in the study area, with part of the tests conducted at the Salah al-Din Water Directorate, Quality Control Division, and the rest at the University of Tikrit - laboratories of the College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering. The study included several physical properties (air and water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity), and the results were compared based on international and Iraqi standards.
The study revealed that air temperatures varied throughout the study period, with the highest recorded value being 33.8°C in September and the lowest being 7°C in January. Water temperatures showed a narrow range, with the highest value being 26.5°C in September and the lowest being 22°C in February, averaging between 23.67°C and 25.05°C, classifying the water as warm as it exceeded 18°C. Turbidity values were low, ranging between 0.8500 and 1.8017 NTU, with significant temporal and spatial differences during the study period. The highest electrical conductivity value recorded was 6100 µS/cm, and the lowest was 3010 µS/cm
On Mixed Fuzzy Top. R-Module
No full textIn this paper, we induce fuzziness of mixed top. R-module, nbhds system of mixed top. R-module and top. sub mixed top. R-module. Also, we study fuzziness of quotient mixed top. R-module
Nurses’ Competencies in Managing Diabetes Mellitus: Does Educational Qualification Matter?
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a major worldwide disorder that has significant adverse effects on people's lives as well as the economies and societies of every developed and developing countries. Competency relates to the knowledge, attitude, and skills of primary healthcare nurses in providing care for diabetes mellitus. This study aims to identify the association between nurses’ age, years of experience in nursing, years of experience in primary healthcare centers, duration of the course, number of courses in diabetes management and nurses’ competencies related to diabetes management. A descriptive correlational design was used to guide this study which was conducted in primary healthcare centers in the Nasiriya City for the period from January 7th, 2024 to February 21th, 2024. The study included a convenience sample of 239 nurses. The study instrument includes participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and Nurses' Competencies Scale. Data were collected through self-report and analyzed using the statistical package for social science, IBM version 27. The results revealed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between number of training courses and professional attitudes. There are statistically significant differences in nurses’ competencies in terms of human understanding and communication skills, professional attitudes, general clinical performance, and nursing competencies among educational qualification groups. The researchers concluded that the more the training courses nurses participate in, the sounder the professional attitudes they constitute toward diabetes mellitus management. The higher the educational qualification, the better the nurses’ competencies in terms of human understanding and communication skills, professional attitudes, general clinical performance