Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Effects of Phosphate Fertilizers Management and Soil Texture On Some Growth Indicators and Economic Benefit of Sorghum Crop (Sorghum bicolor L.)
No full textSorghum is vital for Iraqi smallholder farmers and national food security. This study examined the impact of phosphate fertilizer levels and soil texture on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) growth and economic returns. A pot experiment was conducted in Shatrah, Thi Qar Governorate, Iraq, during the 2022–2023 season used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Four phosphate levels (0, 50, 100, 135 kg P₂O₅.ha⁻¹) and three soil textures (sandy loam, clay loam, clay) from different locations were tested. Sorghum seeds were planted in March 2023 with irrigation at 50% available water depletion. Experience data was analyzed statistically by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software. The optimal phosphate level (100 kg P₂O₅.ha⁻¹) significantly increased phosphorus concentration (0.145 g.kg⁻¹) and dry matter (26.08 g.pot⁻¹). Clay loam soil maximized dry matter (24.72 g.pot⁻¹), while sandy loam enhanced phosphorus concentration (0.140 g.kg⁻¹) and root length (28.47 cm). Root length negatively correlated with clay content (r = -0.67). The highest economic return (229.66 . ha⁻¹). Effective soil fertility management, tailored to soil texture, is essential not only for environmental protection , but also for boosting agricultural production .This study was carried out to determine the dose of phosphate fertilizers under different soil textures that would promote good availability that would promote good phosphate availability in soil solution to produce the best yield, economic profitability of sorghum fodder and introducing better fertilization practices among farmers in their agricultural investments
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Acinetobacter Baumannii and its Ability to Produce Beta-Lactamase Isolated from Different Clinical Samples in Diwaniyah Governorate
No full textAcinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for a significant proportion of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units. The bacterium’s multidrug resistance and ability to survive in hospital environments contribute to its persistence and pathogenicity. In Diwaniyah Governorate, limited studies have explored the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of A. baumannii, particularly its beta-lactamase production and antibiotic resistance. Identifying genetic markers associated with drug resistance is crucial for developing targeted antimicrobial strategies. Although previous research has investigated A. baumannii in different hospital settings, data on its molecular characterization and resistance profile in this region remain scarce. Understanding the prevalence of resistance genes, such as TEM-2 and blaOXA-51, can provide valuable insights into infection control measures. This study aimed to isolate and identify A. baumannii from clinical samples, determine its antibiotic resistance profile, and analyze the presence of beta-lactamase-producing genes using molecular techniques. Results: Of the 60 clinical samples, 20 (33%) were confirmed as A. baumannii. The highest isolation rate was from sputum (55%), followed by burns (45%) and wounds (15%). The rapid iodine test and Vitek 2 system confirmed that 85% of isolates produced beta-lactamase, exhibiting resistance to most antibiotics except Tigecycline. PCR analysis revealed that all isolates carried the 16S rRNA gene, 85% harbored the TEM-2 gene, and 50% contained the blaOXA-51 gene. This study is among the first to document the molecular profile of A. baumannii in Diwaniyah Governorate, highlighting its high resistance levels and genetic determinants of beta-lactamase production. Implications: The findings underscore the urgent need for continuous surveillance, stringent infection control protocols, and antimicrobial stewardship programs to combat the spread of drug-resistant A. baumannii in healthcare settings
Medical Instrumentation Technical Engineering Environment Health and Safety Plan in Iraqi Hospitals
No full textThis project highlights about health and safety in Iraqi hospitals. Every day, health institutions and clinics, especially large hospitals received large numbers of patients. Transmission of infections and radiations that use diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices, and all the risks that affect the health of auditors and doctors. Therefore, safety and environment are very essential factor in hospital concerned with preserving environmental health and safety inside the hospital. In order to preserve their health and safety, it is one of the most important duties of the health institution. In this work, our research is focused in Medical City Department and Baghdad Teaching Hospital, which is the largest hospital in Ministry of Health Baghdad
Antibacterial activity of ferulic acid extracted from corn bran (Zea mays L) against dental decay causing Lactobacillus spp.
No full textOne of the main causes of dental caries in humans has been identified as lactobacilli. Numerous secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, are produced by plants and are known to play a part in defense mechanisms.Most of these metabolites are known to have antibacterial qualities and other positive health impacts. Using 1 M sodium hydroxide, ferulic acid was extracted from corn bran. Higher amounts of ferulic acid were purified for 12 hours using a methanol solvent. The FT-IR spectrum and HPLC analysis were used to describe the purification of ferulic acid. The contents of the products extracted under the experimental circumstances varied. Dental caries was primarily caused by L. fermentum. High bactericidal effectiveness against all Lactobacillus species was demonstrated by ferulic acid. The L. fermentum showed minimal MIC levels with higher activity. This promoted the usage of corn bran's ferulic acid as an additive in the most widely used mouth paste
A Comparative Study of Iraqi Women to Evaluate The Health Outcomes of Appendectomy in Pregnant Women
No full textThe present study sought to identify the negative effects on pregnant patients and those suffering from appendicitis who underwent appendectomy. Furthermore, the quality of life of the participants was evaluated in order to ascertain any statistical differences in Iraq during the period spanning from 2022 to May 2024. The cases encompassed 110 patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis who received treatment across multiple hospitals in Iraq during the period spanning from 2022 to May 2024. The participants in the study ranged in age from 18 to 40 years, with a mean age of (27.15 ± 4.28) years in the control group and from 20 to 50 years in the laparoscopic appendectomy group, with a mean age of (29.28 ± 3.45) years. A statistical analysis was conducted to ascertain whether there was a significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P > 0.05), and this indicated that the two groups were comparable. Regarding newborns, the following data is collected: weight (g) ± 200.93. The data presented in Table 4 provides a comprehensive overview of the outcomes observed in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy (Operating time (min): 40-80 min; length of postoperative stay (days): 3-6 days) and open surgery (50-80 min; 5-8 days). The newborn data set includes weight (g) of 3400 ± 200.93, gestational age (d) of 280.1 ± 9.8, Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes for patients 10, and pH of umbilical cord < 7.15 for patients 4. The data set from the open group shows a weight of 3100.3 ± 199, gestational age (d) of 277 ± 7.9, and Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes for 17 patients. In cases where surgical intervention is deemed necessary, laparoscopic appendectomy is recommended for pregnant patients. Laparoscopy is considered to be both technically safe and feasible during pregnancy when performed by a laparoscopic expert
The Influence of Chemical Composition on The Shielding Coefficients for Different Materials to Gamma Rays and Fast Neutrons
No full textRadiation shielding is critical in nuclear applications to protect human health and sensitive equipment from harmful ionizing radiation. The effectiveness of shielding materials depends on their chemical composition and interaction with gamma rays and fast neutrons. While various materials have been studied for radiation shielding, the selection and optimization of new alloys and concrete mixtures require precise computational and experimental analyses. Existing studies lack a comprehensive comparison of ternary metallic alloys and barite/goethite-based concrete mixtures for shielding both gamma rays and fast neutrons. The effectiveness of these materials under different radiation exposure conditions needs further investigation. This study aims to evaluate the shielding efficiency of selected ternary metallic alloys (Pb-Sb-Sn and Pb-Cu-Te) and barite/goethite-based concrete mixtures against gamma rays and fast neutrons using computational methods. The findings indicate that Pb₀.₇₅-Sb₀.₁₅-Sn₀.₁₀ exhibits the highest attenuation for gamma rays, while barite-based concrete mixtures provide superior neutron shielding compared to dolomite-based mixtures. The study calculates key shielding parameters, including mass attenuation coefficients, mean free path, and half-value layer. Unlike conventional shielding materials, the study integrates computational tools such as XCOM and SAZ to provide a more precise evaluation of shielding performance, offering insights into material selection and design. These results contribute to the development of optimized shielding materials for nuclear applications, improving safety measures in industrial, medical, and research settings by enhancing material performance for radiation protection
Study of Texture and Sorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Obtained from Apricot Kernel Shells
No full textThe article studies the textural and sorption characteristics of activated carbon obtained from apricot kernel shells. The activation process involves carbonization at 800 °C and chemical activation with phosphoric acid at 400 °C. The textural properties of the carbon were studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, revealing a specific surface area of 1200 m²/g and a microporous structure. The physicochemical properties were determined by IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis, which indicated the presence of functional groups and a high carbon content. The sorption properties were evaluated based on the adsorption of methylene blue and phenol from aqueous solutions and demonstrated high sorption capacity. The results obtained indicate the prospects for using apricot kernel peel to produce effective activated carbon suitable for cleaning the aquatic environment from organic pollutants
Prediction of the Development of Osteoarthritis of the Hip Joint Based on Distribution of the Gene Encoding 5-Factor Gdf5 Growth Differentiations
No full textMedical research confirms that inherited genetic tendencies strongly increase coxarthrosis development as a degenerative disease mainly targeting the hip joint. Searchers have determined Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) as major genetic elements that help initiate this disease process. Research findings show that SNPs act as direct contributors to coxarthrosis development by actively affecting the disease pathogenesis in addition to being non-random associations. SNPs have a substantial effect on cellular and molecular mechanisms which control the structural well-being and operational competence of articular cartilage together with subchondral bone. Genetic studies show SNPs enable control over signaling pathway and metabolic processes including those concerning extracellular matrix (ECM) and chondrocytes and osteocytes. The pathways control essential processes which include collagen production along with proteoglycan regulation and mechanical pressure and inflammatory response of cells. The abnormalities triggered by particular polymorphisms create problems with ECM remodeling alongside enhanced cartilage breakdown while producing bone structural modifications that are core elements of coxarthrosis. The deterioration of joint tissue caused by abnormal signaling between chondrocytes and osteocytes becomes worse because of SNP-related signaling dysfunctions. Research on genetic variants helps explain coxarthrosis origin while creating individualization strategies for both diagnostics and disease monitoring procedures and therapeutic options for reducing its progression
Synthesis and Study of Coordination Compounds of Copper (Ii) with N-Acetylthiourea
No full textIn this work, new coordination compounds of copper (II) with N-acetylthiourea (NAT) in various media (ethanol, HCl) were synthesized. The complexes of the following compositions were obtained: [CuNAТ(H₂O)₂]Cl₂, [Cu(NAT)₂SO₄]∙2H₂O, [Cu(NAT)₂Br₂]∙H₂O, [CuNAT(NO₃)₂]∙2H₂O, [CuNAT(ClO₄)₂]∙3H₂O. Their physical and chemical properties were studied using elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, potentiometry and conductometry. It was found that N-acetylthiourea is coordinated to the central copper atom as a monodentate (via sulfur) or bidentate (via sulfur and oxygen) ligand, which is accompanied by the formation of chelate structures. IR spectroscopy data confirmed the shift of absorption bands characteristic of C=S and C=O, as well as the presence of coordinated and crystallization water. The obtained compounds demonstrate promising properties, allowing them to be considered as candidates for use in catalysis and biological systems
The Significance of Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase Levels in Diagnosis and Management of Hepatitis Virus-related Liver Diseases with Hepatitis C Patients in Thi-Qar province, Iraq
No full textThe global spread of hepatitis C infection is concerning. Hepatitis C is a liver-damaging viral infection. It is brought on by the hepatitis C virus and, if untreated, can result in cirrhosis, liver damage, and even liver cancer. Contact with contaminated blood, such as sharing needles or getting a blood transfusion, is typically how the virus is transmitted. The infection can be treated with antiviral drugs. Liver cells are the primary location for the enzymes AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase). A blood test measures two liver enzymes, AST and ALT, to assess the condition of your liver. A liver issue is generally indicated by elevated AST and ALT levels. Healthcare professionals can order additional tests and make an educated guess as to the underlying cause of the liver problem based on which enzyme is elevated or if both are elevated. This could aid in the diagnosis of conditions ranging from liver cancer and liver failure to cirrhosis and hepatitis. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the association between hepatitis C patients and the liver enzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Patients serums of 40 HCV positive was taken out and 40 healthy HCV negative as controlling groups and examined for ALT and AST analytical measurement. Cross-sectional study was directed from December 2022 to March 2023 in Thi-Qar government, Iraq. Participants age ranged between ≥15 to ≤ 75 years , AST have increased levels in HCV patients as compared to ALT as compared with controlling group . study gender-based shows an increased level of both the enzymes ALT and AST in females as compared to males .age-based study concluded ALT and AST have a non-significant level in age groups > 49 Years in HCV patients. Study gender-based shows an increased level of both the enzymes ALT and AST in females as compared to males. Moreover, gender-based study concluded ALT and AST have a non-significant level in age groups > 49 Years in HCV patients . AST have increased levels in HCV patients as compared to ALT indicating AST to be more specific biomarker of HCV infection and liver damage. The research advised against coming into close touch with blood. Never share anything that could have other people's blood on it, even if it seems clean, to lessen the possibility of blood-to-blood contact. The virus may be present even in a dried patch of blood that is too tiny to be seen