Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Investigation of Possible Pollution by Some Trace Elements and Some Environmental Factors in Water of the Euphrates River in Suq Al Shioukh Southern Iraq
No full textThe present study was conducted in the Suq Al Shioukh district, southeast of Thi Qar Province, Iraq. The study area is located within an agricultural area whose population greatly depends on the river water for their various uses, so it is expected that the river water will be polluted by agricultural activities and domestic waste water nearby. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the levels of possible mineral pollution with some trace elements and some physicochemical factors in the water quality of the Euphrates River in the study area and to obtain useful recommendations that help improve the water quality of the river and its use for agricultural and domestic purposes. The levels of mineral pollution trace elements using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in the river's water were investigated. The study recorded an increase in the values of cadmium, lead, and zinc during the summer and copper during the spring in the waters of the Euphrates River, exceeding the permissible limits when compared with international and Iraqi standards and for all study stations. The concentrations of the Cd element ranged from 0.64 to 4.64 mg/L, while Pb recorded concentrations between 0.15 and 3.98 mg/L, Cu ranged from 0.82 to 4.14 mg/L, and Zn reached values ranging from 3.67 to 30.82 mg/L. Other factors, such as sewage, Al-Masab Alamm water, and climatic factors, also contribute to the pollution of the river's water through some physical and chemical factors. The study also showed turbidity values high above the permissible limits, ranging from 10.6 to 22.45 NTU. As for the pH, they tended to have a light alkalinity; their values ranged from 7.12 to 8.73, EC values ranged from 7421 to 16520 µS/cm, and TDS recorded values of 3920 to 10320 mg/L. It was also found that the water is salty in the stations studied, as the salinity values ranged from 11.62 to 31.75 ppt. The CL values ranged between 210 and 370 mg/L, while SO4 recorded values between 260 and 581 mg/L, and PO4 values ranged between 0.08 and 1.31 mg/L
Molecular Investigation of Carbapenems KPC and NDM Genes Among Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Al-Basrah Province, Iraq
No full textCarbapenem is the final defense against Gram-negative ESBLs producing antibiotics, with resistance to Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP), posing a significant public health threat. The samples for the current investigation were from three hospitals in the Iraqi, region of Al-Basrah. The n = 26 K. pneumoniae isolates were previously collected by the master's study between October 2022 and December 2022. The K. pneumoniae isolates were reactivated and reidentified using a PCR technique using the diagnostic gene 16S rDNA. The isolates were then grown on MacConkey agar, K.pneumoniae chromogenic media and confirm identified by PCR technique by using specific primer for K.pneumoniae had a molecular weight of approximately 130 bp. The results showed that all n = 26 isolates are (100%) K. pneumoniae.Modified Hodge Test (MHT) was performed on all n=26 K. pneumoniae isolates.The results in the current study showed that out of n=26 K.pneumoniae isolates the 19(73%) isolates gave positive results for production of carbapenemase.While the 7(26.923%) isolates were showed negative results for produced carbapenemase. Carbapenemase genes was detected by using two specific primers blaKPC and blaNDM genes. The amplified genes' bands were characterized approximately at (480 bp) and (621) respectively, compared to the stander molecular DNA ladder at (2000 bp), results were shown the all n=26 K. pneumoniae isolates had gave negative results for the blaKPC gene. On the other hand, only 17(65.384%) K.pneumoniae isolates were gave positive results for detection of blaNDM gene. While 9(34.615%) K.pneumoniae isolates were gave negative results for detection the blaNDM gene
Assessment the Levels of IgM And IgG and A number of Hormones in Pregnant and Aborted Women With Toxoplasmosis in Kirkuk
No full textThe current study aimed to evaluate the infection of toxoplasmosis on some physiological variables in both pregnant and aborted women reviews for government hospitals and some women's clinics and compare them with healthy women in Kirkuk. The ages of (20 -40) years have been collected (90) blood sample of women which was distributed to three groups and at 50 samples of pregnant women, 20 samples of aborted women, 20 sample of healthy women, which were considered to be in the control group, the IgM and IgG rate was estimated, as well as the concentrations of both LH, progesterone and testosterone hormones were estimated. The results of the present study show a significant increase of) p ≤ 0.01) in the rate of IgM in pregnant women (3.96±1.83) pg/ml and in aborted reached )5.03±1.41)pg/ml compared to the control group (0.68± 0.39) pg/ml. It also showed an increase in the IgG antibody rate for pregnant women (7.61 ± 2.39) pg/ml and aborted (2.85± 0.59) pg/ml compared to the control group) 1.72 ±0.78) pg/ml. The results of the present study showed a significant increase (p≤ 0.01) in the concentration of LH hormone in aborted women at a rate of (3.97 ± 0.24) IU / ml compared to pregnant women infected with toxoplasmosis gondii which reached (0.54 ±0.04) IU / ml and with the control group which reached ( 2.94±0.71) IU / ml. The results showed an increase in the concentration of the progesterone in pregnant women (15.4 ± 2.26) ng /ml infected with toxoplasmosis while there were no differences in aborted women (9.79 ± 1.97) ng /ml compared to the control group( 9.35 ± 1.76)) ng /ml. The results of the current study also showed a significant increase in the concentration of testosterone in the aborted women ( 1.66 ± 0.11) ng /ml infected with toxoplasmosis compared to the pregnant group (0.12 ± 0.28) ng /ml and control group ( 0.56± 0.28) ng /ml
The Differences in Quality of Life according to Demographic Characteristics in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
No full textA descriptive quantitative study was carried out in order to assess impact of viral hepatitis infections on health-related quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis for two groups of samples (positive and negative) viral hepatitis. The study was initiated from the period of October 2023-Aguest 2024 patients answered a specific study questionnaire. Data were collected and statistically analyzed. The study was conducted on patients attending dialysis centers in the holy city of Karbala. Participants were selected a questionnaire was created a probability randomly by the researcher based on previous studies in addition to the researcher's experiences. The questionnaire included two parts, the first was about the social and demographic characteristics of the patients and the second part was about the quality of life provided by the World Health Organization. SPSS version 26 was used for analysis and interpretation data. Quality of life according to demographic characteristics in patients undergoing hemodialysis indicated that there was no significant relationship among with viral hepatitis regard to marital status, educational levels, occupation, duration of dialysis treatment/year their except age, economic status was significant Chi-square Value (11.50) d.f. (4) p-value (0.021), Chi-square Value (6.61) d.f. (2) p-value (0.037). There was no significant relationship among with viral hepatitis regard to place of residency, duration of dialysis in hour per day, number of weekly hemodialysis sessions, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart diseases, their except sex was significant p-value = .008. The study concluded that hemodialysis had varying degrees of impact on quality of life all dimensions. And recommended creating a broad health education program to increase patients' understanding and awareness of the prevention of viral hepatitis and how it is transmitted and to increase preventive measures
Assessment of Pregnant Women’s Knowledge about Gestational Diabetes at Primary Health Care Centers
No full textDiabetes mellitus [DM] is a chronic metabolic disease caused by hereditary and/or acquired insufficiency in the production of insulin by the pancreas. The Objective of This Study; To assess the knowledge pregnant women toward Gestational Diabetes at primary health care centers. Methodology: A descriptive statistical study was designed on all pregnant women in primary health care centers in the Karkh region from January 14 to February 14, 2024. Results; Relative to age groups, the highest percentage of study sample is (28.3%) at the age a group (27-30) years, while the lowest percentage is (3.3%) at the age a group (36-40) years and (13.3%) at the age a group (16-20) year and (21.6%) at the age a group (21-26) year and (25%) at the age a group (31-36) and (8.3%) (40 and above) Conclusion; Most of the study sample size has been high of subjects' responses concerned with pregnant women toward gestational diabetes. Recommendation; That continuing education is necessary to improve awareness of GDM
Essential Principles in Prodrugs Design
No full textThis research aims to explore the design and application of prodrugs as an effective strategy in drug development. Prodrugs are chemically modified compounds designed to improve stability, solubility, and permeability, which are activated through enzymatic or chemical processes. This study reviews various types of prodrugs, including bioprecursors, targeted, mixed, and mutual prodrugs. The methods used in this research involve literature analysis and case studies focusing on prodrugs that have successfully enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. The results indicate that the prodrug strategy can significantly overcome pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic limitations of drugs, extend the duration of effects, and improve target selectivity. The conclusion of this research confirms that prodrug design is a promising approach in enhancing modern drug therapy, particulaly in the context of cancer treatment
Assessment of Hemodynamic Parameters by Type of Anemia in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease
No full textThe article presents the diagnostic significance and comparison of hemodynamic and cytokine indicators in different types of anemia in children with chronic kidney disease. Values of iron metabolism indicators (serum iron and ferritin, transferrin), hemoregulatory hormones (erythropoietin and hepcidin), and blood inflammation markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) were identified. Functional anemia in children is more severe compared to absolute anemia. Thus, laboratory diagnostics should be conducted for all patients with chronic kidney disease, starting in the early stages of the disease
Mental Health Among Adolescents in Salah-Aldeen Governorate/ Aldulouyia District 2023
No full textFlourishing of youth is a concept rooted in the ability of to live healthy, purposefully and meaningfully. Tribalism is one of the political divisions of Iraq in addition to region, ethnicity and region. In the last decades more power and autonomy were delegated to tribes, which in turn lead to rapid social changes that affect flourishing of youth. Ghis study was done to assess flourishing in tribal area.A total of 190 students was included in this study. They were recruited from secondary schools in Salah-Aldeen governorate, Aldulouyia district (2 schools for boys and 2 schools for girls). The variables of interest were psychological, social and emotional wellbeing. Conduct problems were of interest too (persistent display of antisocial and aggressive behavior).Flourishing was noticed in 12 (6.3%) students. Flourishing among students aged < 20 was significantly higher than those aged ≥ 20 years (7, 11.9% and 5, 3.8%, respectively (p=0.03). Eight (6%) of male students and 4 (7%) of female students were flourished. No significant impact for sex on flourishing (p=0.7). of those in secondary level and those < secondary level, 7 (6.4%) and 5 (6.2%), respectively. Education level was not significantly affecting flourishing (p=0.9). Smokers, occasional smokers and nonsmokers showed flourishing in 3 (3.8%), 4 (5%) and 5 (12. 5%), respectively. No significant differences in flourishing due to smoking status (p=0.19). Students with and without conduct problems showed flourishing in 4 (5%) and 8 (7.3%), respectively. Conduct problem was not significantly impact flourishing (p=0.07).Low rate of flourishing was noticed in the tribal city
Detection The Uropathogens That Cause Urinary Tract Infections In Women And Their Antibiotic Sensitivity In Kerbala Governorate
No full textUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are serious serious 21st-century worldwide health issue that annually affects millions of men and women of all ages. The risk of a UTI is 30 times higher in women than in males. At some point in their life, up to 60% of women will experience a UTI. A UTI is defined as the presence of microbial pathogens in the urinary tract and affects various regions of the urinary tract. The purpose of the current investigation was to identify the agents responsible for women's UTIs and the degree of antibiotic sensitivity.Sixty urine samples were collected from women with UTIs from Al-Haydaria and Al-Khairat Center Hospitals. The urine samples were transported to the College of Applied Medical Sciences-department of Environmental Health-Microbiology laboratory and aerobically cultivated on the bacterial media Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar, Mannitol salt agar, and Blood agar media, then, after detecting the bacterial causative agents of UTIs in women. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed for the bacterial isolates according to Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. In The Results, from sixty urine samples, Gram’s Negative bacteria represented by Escherichia coli were 38 (63.33%) with the significant importance, then, Gram’s positive bacteria represented by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were 8 (13.33%) and Mixed (G-ve and G+ve) bacteria were 14 (23.33%) in both Al-Haydaria and Al-Khairat Center Hospitals. in the present study the most 39/60 (65%) of affected women with UTIs were between (17–30) years old. As well as, Most Gram’s negative bacteria were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, and Amikacin, and were resistant to Azthromycin, and Ceftazidim, on the other hand, Gram’s positive bacteria had intermediate resistance reactions to Ciprofloxacin, and Amikacin, as well as, Gram’s positive bacteria were resistant to Azthromycin, Gentamycin, Ceftazidim, and Amoxicillin Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that the most effective antibiotics against Gram’s negative bacteria were Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin, and Amikacin, moreover, Gram’s positive bacteria had intermediate resistance against Ciprofloxacin, and Amikacin so, these antibiotics can be considered as drugs of choice for treatment of women with the clinical signs of UTIs who attended both Al-Haydaria and Al-Khairat Center Hospitals
Estimation Of Some Biochemical Parameters In Type -2 Diabetic Patients After Pfizer Vaccination Among Patients From Iraqi
No full textThis study aimed to assess the changes in biochemical markers in type 2 diabetic patients after receiving the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. The research focused on measuring cardiac biochemical markers, specifically myoglobin and lipid profiles, as well as routine kidney function tests (blood urea and serum creatinine) following the second dose of the Pfizer vaccine. Myoglobin levels were estimated using an ELISA kit, while lipid profiles and renal function were determined using the Cobas analyzer. The results indicated higher myoglobin levels in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated diabetic groups compared to healthy controls. There were significant differences in lipid profiles between diabetic groups, although no significant differences were found between vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. HDL levels were lower in both diabetic groups compared to healthy controls. The study found no significant adverse effects of the Pfizer vaccine on kidney function tests, with T2DM patients showing higher levels of myoglobin and lipid profiles but no significant difference between vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals