Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Novel Bioactive 1,4-Dihydroquinazoline Derivatives from Ciprofloxacin
No full textThis study focused on the synthesis and characterization of various cyclic compounds derived from the ciprofloxacin core, employing a series of chemical reactions. Ethanol acted as both solvent and reactant, facilitating the reversible transformation into an ester, subsequently reacting with hydrazine to form hydrazides under sulfuric acid catalysis. These hydrazides further reacted with benzaldehyde replacements to form hydrazones, which then reacted with 2-aminobenzoic acid to yield quinazolins. The synthesized compounds were thoroughly characterized using spectroscopic methods, including 13C NMR, 1H NMR, and IR. The biological activity of the compounds was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion technique against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the synthesized compounds as antibacterial agents. This study fills a gap in the literature by providing a novel approach to the synthesis of biologically active compounds derived from ciprofloxacin, with implications for the development of new antimicrobial agents
The Bioecology Of Some Beneficial Plants And The Influence Of Soil Moisture Factors (Case Study Of The Namangan Foothills)
No full textThis article presents information on the bioecology of plant species such as Zygophyllum atriplicoides (Fisch. et C.A. Mey.) Boiss., Alcea nudiflora (Lindl.) Boiss., Acanthophyllum albidium Schischk., Onobrychis chorosanica Bunge ex Boiss., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Hordeum bulbosum L., and Poa bulbosa L., which are distributed in the conditions of the Namangan steppe. The article also provides the phenospectrum of these species. In addition, based on measurements of soil moisture fluctuations in accordance with the climatic conditions of the steppes, the effects of soil moisture on the vegetation of these selected species are discussed
Antioxidants and Their Role in Mitigating Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Benefits
No full textAntioxidants play a crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress, a condition caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's antioxidant defense systems. Oxidative stress is associated with various pathologies, including aging, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants, which can be either endogenous or exogenous, neutralize free radicals and reactive molecules by donating electrons, thus preventing cellular damage. Key antioxidants include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic compounds like vitamin C, vitamin E, and flavonoids. The mechanisms by which antioxidants counteract oxidative damage involve direct scavenging of free radicals, upregulation of endogenous antioxidant defenses, and modulation of signaling pathways that influence cell survival and inflammation. Increasing evidence highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of antioxidants in managing oxidative stress-related diseases, but challenges remain in determining their efficacy in clinical settings. This review explores the biochemical mechanisms of antioxidants, their role in cellular protection, and their potential therapeutic applications in mitigating oxidative stress-related pathologie
Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Cast Complications of Limb Fractures: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textThe purpose of the cast is to hold the fractured bone in place so that it cannot move while it heals and to provide solid protection to the injured bone or joint. For their role in clinical practice, orthopedic ward nurses need to be sufficiently knowledgeable about the fundamentals of cast problems. Knowing the scientific underpinnings of cast problems is essential to providing nursing care for patients experiencing them. The objective is to identify nurses’ knowledge regarding cast complications of limb fractures. A cross-sectional (descriptive) research on nurses' knowledge was carried out about cast complications of limb fractures in Al-Basrah Hospitals. Non-probability (convenience) sample was composed of (150) nurses. The study sample consists of 150 samples from five hospitals (Al-Sader Teaching Hospital, Al-Basrah Teaching Hospital, Al-Mawani Teaching Hospital, Al-Fayhaa Teaching Hospital, and Al-Shifaa Hospital) in Al-Basrah Governorate. The questions were answered self-reported by the nurses. The period of the study started from the 12th of August to the 12th of March. The results of our study showed that the largest percentage of nurses (72.6%) have good knowledge about cast complications of limb fractures, (26.6%) of nurses have moderate knowledge and only (0.6%) have poor knowledge. Most nurses have good knowledge regarding cast complications of limb fractures
Gynecological Infections and Age-Related Bacterial Trends
No full textGynecological infections pose significant health risks, with bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli commonly implicated. However, there remains a gap in understanding the prevalence of parasitic and fungal causes, particularly in specific age groups. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining gynecological infections in a random sample of patients aged 15 to ≥45 years in Thi-Qar province. Fifty infected individuals were sampled, with urine examination conducted using urinalysis and light microscopy. Results indicated a high prevalence of bacterial infections, especially among the 15-29 age group, with E. coli being the most frequently isolated bacterium. Notably, parasitic infections were absent across all age groups. The findings underscore the importance of considering age-specific trends in gynecological infections and highlight the need for targeted interventions to address bacterial pathogens. Additionally, the higher infection rates observed among married women suggest the potential role of marital status as a risk factor
Urogenital Injury Assessment in Obstetrics and Gynecology Procedures
No full textUrological injuries, particularly involving the bladder and distal ureter, are critical concerns in gynecological and obstetric surgeries, such as hysterectomy and Caesarean section. These complications, while infrequent, can cause significant morbidity, mortality, and psychosocial issues. This study aims to determine the prevalence and types of urological injuries resulting from these procedures. Conducted at Alfalluja Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama General Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, from September 2021 to January 2023, the prospective case series included 21 patients who experienced iatrogenic bladder and ureter injuries. Detailed patient evaluations were performed, documenting injury type and frequency. Results showed that 0.18% of 11,861 procedures resulted in urological injuries, predominantly from obstetric operations (80.95%), with bladder injuries more common than ureteral injuries. Emergency procedures and previous Caesarean sections were significant risk factors. These findings underscore the importance of discussing potential urinary tract injuries with patients undergoing such surgeries to improve outcomes through early identification and proper management
New Thiadiazole Derivative Shows Promising Bioactivity with Transition Metals in Rats
No full textThis study explores the synthesis and characterization of new transition metal complexes using 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amino,5-thiol derivatives as novel ligands, with CrCl3.6H2O, FeCl3, and NiCl2.6H2O. Characterization was achieved through magnetic susceptibility, molar conductance, 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.). The biological effects were evaluated on rats, focusing on hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine levels. Results indicated that the thiadiazole derivative increased Hb and PCV, while reducing liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine levels, suggesting no toxic effect and potential anti-inflammatory properties. Further studies are recommended to investigate potential anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-fungal activities. This research fills a knowledge gap by providing new insights into the bioactivity and structural characteristics of thiadiazole metal complexes
Phоtоcаtаlytic Prоperties and Quаntum Chemicаl Cаlculаtiоns of Cds Quаntum Dоts Mоdified with Hydrоphilic Stаbilizers
No full textCurrently, scientific reseаrch is being cоnducted оn the synthesis оf stаble phоtоcаtаlysts with high quаntum efficiency аnd lоw cоst fоr prоducing hydrоgen frоm wаter аs аn аlternаtive energy sоurce tо аddress the glоbаl energy prоblem. The mаin оbjective оf this wоrk is the synthesis оf hybrid CdS аnd CdS/ZnS quаntum dоts, mоdified with stаbilizers cоntаining vаriоus аniоnic grоups, tо creаte а stаble phоtоcаtаlyst with а high quаntum yield. The cоncentrаtiоn оf stаbilizers plаys аn impоrtаnt rоle in cоntrоlling the size оf the quаntum dоts. CdS аnd CdS/ZnS quаntum dоts оf vаriоus sizes were synthesized by аdjusting the stаbilizer cоncentrаtiоn. CdS quаntum dоts, stаbilized with hydrоphilic stаbilizers, were synthesized аt different temperаtures, pH vаlues, аnd mоlаr rаtiоs оf reаgents. Their аbsоrptiоn, phоtоluminescence, аnd оpticаl prоperties were studied. The phоtоcаtаlytic prоperties оf the оbtаined cаtаlysts were аnаlyzed bаsed оn the decоmpоsitiоn reаctiоns оf the indicаtоrs: methylene blue, methyl оrаnge, аnd rhоdаmine B. The аbsоrptiоn spectrа оf the synthesized sаmples were оbtаined using а Shimаdzu UV-2600i spectrоmeter, аnd the luminescence spectrа were meаsured using а Shimаdzu RF-6000 spectrоfluоrimeter. Elementаl chаrаcterizаtiоn wаs cоnducted using Shimаdzu EDX-800P аnd Shimаdzu XRD 6000 devices
Exploring the Genetic Variability of Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Urinary Tract Infections: Implications for Diagnostics and Treatment
No full textUrinary tract infections (UTIs), primarily caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), represent a significant global health concern due to their prevalence and increasing antibiotic resistance. This study explores the genetic variability of E. coli pathotypes, focusing on their virulence factors and resistance mechanisms. Utilizing a comprehensive review of molecular data, the research identifies key virulence traits, such as adhesins and toxins, and their role in disease progression. Advanced diagnostic tools, including whole-genome sequencing and molecular techniques, are evaluated for their potential to enhance the detection of pathogenic strains and inform precision medicine. The findings underscore the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, attributed to horizontal gene transfer and adaptive evolutionary processes. Therapeutic strategies, including phage therapy and anti-virulence agents, are discussed as promising alternatives to combat MDR strains. By integrating genomic insights into clinical practice, this study highlights the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to mitigate the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in UTI-causing E. coli. These findings have significant implications for improving patient outcomes and guiding future research in microbial pathogenesis and treatment
THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS AND ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF PEGANUM HARMALA SEEDS ON SOME BACTERIAL SPECIES PRESENT IN QAYYARAH GENERAL HOSPITAL WASTEWATER
No full textThe effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of the seeds of the plant (Peganum harmala) was studied and the concentrations of four (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) g/ml were tested on the bacterial species that were diagnosed in the study sites of Qayyarah General Hospital, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia. coli, salmonella typhi, Raoultella planticola, Klebsilla pneumonaei, and Enterobacter aerogenes. The two extracts, at all their concentrations, produced an inhibition in the number of bacterial cells after treatment with it. The results showed that the effect of the alcoholic extract was higher than the effect of the aqueous extract, as the results showed that the positive bacteria (S.aureus) were less The diameter of inhibition among the types at all concentrations, the highest diameter of inhibition for (E.coli) bacteria at a concentration of 100%, and the lowest effect at a concentration of 25%, as the effect of the two extracts increases with increasing concentration against all bacterial species. The detection of active chemical compounds in Peganum harmala seeds was studied, and the results showed that they contain a high percentage of active compounds (phenolic, alkaloid, and tannins, and the absence of flavonoids and glycosides) through qualitative (inferential) detection