Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Improved Histological Effect of Salmonella Typhimurium Ghost Vaccine Used in the Treatment of Colon Cancer Induced in Male Albino Rats
No full textColorectal cancer continues among most serious life-threatening tumors worldwide. Recently, as a result of the progress made in microbial science and its relationship to cancer, and the efforts made to eliminate this dangerous disease without affecting normal cells, the current study aimed to shed light on Bacteria-mediated cancer therapy as a promising therapeutic tool with less side effects and due to its high immune stimulation effect. Colon cancer was induced in male albino rats using Azoxymethane (AOM) at 15mg/Kg bw, the curative effect (post-treatment) of Salmonella typhimurium ghosts (STGs), which was prepared using chemical concentrations selected in a special protocol, was studied by inoculated the animal subcutaneously with a 100 μl/rat in single dose with equal volumes (1:1) of STGs +Freund's adjuvant. We vaccinated the animal with (STGs) in 3 cycles. After 42 days of the whole vaccination, the animals were sacrificed, the colorectal tissues were removed and preserved in a diluted formalin solution until performing grossly and histological examinations. The result revealed that histolpathological changes in induced colorectal cancer includes damage and alterations in mucosal crypts architecture, increase spaces between crypts, dysplastic changes in crypts epithelium. In vaccine treated animal showing severe histological alterations, infiltration of inflammatory cells and significant hyperplasia in lymphoid tissue, comparing with the control group. In conclusion, vaccination by STGs vaccine using S. typhimurium will enhance the immune response, which is a promising medication for the treatment of colon cancer
Dysentery Disease Prevalence Among Pediatric Population Under 12 Years of Age
No full textAmebiasis, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, poses a significant health concern in developing countries, particularly among children with clinical symptoms of diarrhea. However, there is a lack of comprehensive data on its prevalence in specific regions and age groups. This study aimed to address this gap by determining the prevalence of E. histolytica from January 2018 to December 2021 among children with diarrhea symptoms at Al-Hussein hospital in Nasiriyah city, Thi-Qar Province, Iraq. A total of 9168 stool samples were collected and directly examined, revealing a higher prevalence of E. histolytica infections in males compared to females, with a notable increase in infants under one year old. Additionally, the study examined injury statistics across different age and gender groups. Results indicate a higher incidence of infections in the 45–15 age group, with the lowest cases observed in children under one year old. Notably, in 2020, there was a complete absence of infection, suggesting potential interventions' effectiveness. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions to mitigate the spread of E. histolytica infections, especially among vulnerable populations
Unlocking Male Infertility Genetic and Hormonal Insights for Treatment Advancements
No full textInfertility affects many men and women, with male infertility often resulting from azoospermia (complete absence of sperm) and oligospermia (low sperm count and motility). Genetic and endocrine factors are primary causes of infertility. This study aimed to investigate genetic causes and hormone levels in male infertility. We analyzed 423 infertile male patients at Al-Kut Hospital's IVF Center, focusing on hereditary sex hormone levels and abnormal karyotypes. Abnormal karyotype incidences in azoospermia and oligospermia were 7% and 23%, respectively. Among azoospermic patients, 62.7% exhibited (47,XXY) Klinefelter syndrome. Elevated FSH and LH levels were noted in azoospermic patients with abnormal karyotypes compared to testosterone levels in other groups. The study highlights the strong link between azoospermia and genetic chromosomal abnormalities, suggesting that hormone levels (testosterone, LH, FSH) in azoospermic patients with abnormal karyotypes are valuable for genetic studies, medical consultations, and assisted reproductive technologies
Stable Water Quality Amid Seasonal Fluctuations in Iraqi Lake
No full textThis study investigates the physical, chemical, and biological properties of Darbandikhan Lake and the Sirwan River in Sulaymaniyah province, focusing on five locations from September 2023 to February 2024. Chemical parameters measured included pH, BOD, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulfates, nitrates, chloride ions, calcium and magnesium hardness, and sodium and potassium ions. pH values ranged from 6.2 to 8.88, total alkalinity from 80 to 182 mg/L, and total hardness from 92 to 450 mg/L, all within permissible limits. Calcium hardness ranged from 11.6 to 151.4 mg/L, and magnesium hardness from 3.22 to 45.49 mg/L. Chloride, sodium, and nitrate levels were within acceptable ranges, with sulfate concentrations expectedly low. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Duncan Test, and Pearson Correlation identified significant spatial differences in pH values but no temporal differences. The findings suggest that the lake's water quality is stable but underscore the need for ongoing monitoring and pollution prevention due to potential anthropogenic impacts. This research highlights the importance of continuous water quality assessment to safeguard public health and the environment
Utilizing the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) to Determine Groundwater Feasibility for Irrigation Purposes, In the Ishaqi Area, Saladin, Northern Iraq
No full textIWQI and distribution maps of the used parameters for irrigation were investigated in the Ishaqi Area. In general, the calculated IWQI values reached from (17.09 -78.8), 19% of samples in the study fell under stringent irrigation regulations, where plants that can withstand saline water can only be grown using groundwater. Of the wells that were examined, a comparatively greater proportion, 76.2% fell under the high restriction category while only 4.8% of them were in the low restriction category and none fell under the unrestricted category. The IWQI reduces from the periphery towards the interior of the study area and rises in the direction of the northeast and southwest; this suggests that the central part of the research area and rises toward the northeast and southwest; this indicates that the study area's core region is polluted and should only be used for crops that can withstand salt. The northeast and southwest regions of the research area are suitable for the cultivation of plants that are moderately to extremely salt resistant. Furthermore, the study area's irrigation water quality variables, including SAR, EC, Na%, and chlorides (Cl-), all indicate that the area's soils may experience issues as a result of the existing irrigation system. When combined with WQI standards and indicators, the geographical distribution maps of the IWQI index can provide a clear picture of the condition of a particular area with regard to groundwater quality for irrigation; they can be very useful and supportive decisions making tool in a process of identifying the areas that suffers from poor ground water availability or contaminated water
Evaluation of Drinking Water Quality Index in Kirkuk City, Iraq
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the Drinking Water Quality Index (WQI) in Kirkuk City over the period from October 2023 to April 2024. To achieve this, water samples were systematically collected from seven different locations: the collection basin, pumping basin, Rahimawa area, Al-Mas area, Al-Wasiti neighborhood, Al-Hajjaj neighborhood, and Area 55. The WQI was calculated based on an extensive analysis of several key physical, chemical, and biological properties. The physical properties assessed included turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), electrical conductivity, and salinity. The chemical properties measured were pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, chloride, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, nitrate, and fluoride. Additionally, biological properties such as total bacterial count, coliform bacteria, and fecal bacteria were evaluated. The results of the study indicated that the Kirkuk water treatment plant is highly effective in altering the characteristics of raw water. This effectiveness was reflected in the excellent values recorded for the Water Quality Index across all sampled sites. The specific WQI values were as follows: site two recorded a WQI of 24.62, site three 25.78, site four 37.53, site six 37.57, site five 39.57, and site seven 42.19. These findings suggest that the water treatment station is highly efficient in producing water that is suitable for daily sanitary purposes, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of drinking water for the residents of Kirkuk City
Healthy Lifestyle of Clients with Diabetes Mellitus: Does Self-Care Activities for Diabetes Matter?
No full textA descriptive predictive correlational design was used to guide this study which was conducted in two hospitals and one primary healthcare centers in the XXX City for the period from January 14th 2024 to March 14th 2024. The study included a convenience sample of 378 patients with diabetes. The study instrument includes participants’ sociodemographic characteristics. The Measure of Healthy Lifestyle, Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), Data were collected through self-report and analyzed using the statistical package for social science, IBM version 27. Self-care glucose testing, foot self-care positively predicted healthy lifestyle for diabetes. This finding implies that the better the self-care related to glucose testing, the healthier the lifestyle the patients with DM enjoy. This finding can explain as clients whose socioeconomic status is somewhat good can have much time for practicing physical activity compared to clients who are of poorer socioeconomic class who spend their time in living earning rather physical activity. Also, clients whose socioeconomic status is somewhat good can have devices for glucose testing compared to clients who are of poorer socioeconomic class
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Imine Graphene Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity
No full textThis study aimed to synthesize and characterize new imine graphene derivatives and evaluate their biological activity. Various nanoderivatives of graphene oxide were prepared and functionalized with symmetrical triazoles and amines through reactions involving oxidizing and acidic agents. The synthesis process included chemical exfoliation to create graphene oxide (GO), reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and further functionalization with thiocarbohydrazide and triazoles. The resulting compounds were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. Biological activity was tested against gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria. The synthesized compounds showed significant antibacterial activity, demonstrating their potential as antimicrobial agents
The Effect of Amoebic Dysentery on Some Physiological Parameters
No full textThe study was conducted in Anbar Governorate on patients visiting Fallujah Women's and Children's Hospital and some private laboratories in Fallujah for age groups ranging from (20-1) years and for both sexes. The collection period lasted from July 2023 to December 2023 and amoebic dysentery was diagnosed through microscopic examination of stool samples to investigate the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, and 30positive samples were recorded out of 120 samples and the infection rate reached 25%. The concentration of SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, G.H and Ghrelin were studied for infected and healthy individuals. The results of the current study showed highly significant differences for CAT for those infected with amoebic dysentery compared to healthy individuals. As for SOD and MDA, they showed a significant difference for those infected compared to healthy individuals. As for G.H and Ghrelin, they did not show any significant differences for those infected compared to healthy individuals. Highly significant differences were shown for SOD for those infected and for both sexes compared to healthy individuals. As for MDA, they showed a significant difference for those infected compared to healthy individuals. As for CAT, GSH, G.H and Ghrelin, they did not show any significant differences for those infected with E.histolytica and for both sexes compared to healthy individuals
Detection of Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Infections Isolated from Patients with Diabetics Foot Ulcers in Iraq
No full textDiabetes represent a chronic disorder that involve the decline in the levels of insulin produced by the pancreas due to many genetic and environmental factors. The disease involves the elevation of blood sugar in the circulation which may lead to vascular, neurological, ocular and renal complications. In addition, diabetic patients tend to develop ulceration due to wound infection swiftly in the lower limbs due to the reduce in the neurological sensation as well as to elevated sugar circulation which may greatly provoke wound infection and diabetic foot ulcerations. The current study aimed at isolation of the common causes of bacterial infection associated with diabetic foot ulcer, The present study was conducted in Salah Aldeen province during the period from 1st of November 2023 to 15th of May 2024 and included 150 patients with diabetic foot infection who attended Salah-Alden Hospitals: (Tikrit Teaching Hospital, Balad General Hospital and private surgery clinics). Swabs and whole blood from patients with diabetic foot ulcer were taken and submitted to routine culture and identification of the causative bacterial infection followed by biochemical identification and antibiotics susceptibility test for the isolated microbe. The current data revealed that most of the patients with diabetic foot ulcer were males 59.33% while females represented 40.67% with mean age 48 years for males and 53 years for females. Most of the patients with diabetic foot ulcer were residing urban areas 80.67% while the remaining 19.33% were living in rural areas. On the other hand, 18% of diabetic patients with foot ulceration were complaining of hypertension with majority having no other associated diseases 67.33%. Regarding bacterial isolates from diabetic foot ulceration, out of 150 clinical swabs only 47.33% were positive for bacterial isolates with predominant bacterial species species being Pseudomonas aeruginosa 38.03% followed by Escherichia coli 22.53%, Klebsiella pneumonia 19.71%, Staphylococcus aureus 11.26% and Streptococcus pyogenes 8.45%. Antibiotics susceptibility test depicted that all isolates of P. aeruginosa 100% were resistant amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, while most of them were susceptible to imipenem 91%. whereas the vast isolates were resistant to amoxicillin group. Similarly, E. coli showed 93.7% resistance to amoxicillin group while 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin antibiotics. Whereas, 92.9% of K. pneumonia isolates were resistant to amoxicillin and azithromycin and 100% sensitive to imipenem. In the same way, 50% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to ceftazidime and 100% susceptible to imipenem. As for S. pyogenes 100% of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin while 100% sensitive to cefixime, cefotaxime, amikacin, gentamycin and imipenem