Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Efficacy of Single Prick Needling Under Ultrasound Guide for The Treatment of Primary Myofascial Pain Syndrome for Iraqi People
No full textPrimary syndrome of myofascial pain was a persistent pain issue which affects the muscles and adjacent connective tissue (fascia). This condition may result through causes include muscular overuse, inadequate posture, stress, and injury. The aim of the current study is to conduct a general reviewing of all previous related to prick's efficacy in the treatment of primary myofascial pain syndrome by using under ultrasound guide technique. A prospective study of 150 patients suffering from primary myofascial pain syndrome, mostly neck pain (sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles), at the Medical City at Baghdad (Gazzy Alhariery for Surgical Specialists and Bagdad Teaching Hospital) and Samer Alwazni pain medicine clinic at AL-Kut City, from 2019 to 3023, undergo acupuncture needling under ultrasound guide for the destruction of taut bands, with follow of pain for three month interval period, the results was:50% of patient got pain free from 1st session,20% of patients got relieving of pain from 2nd session while 30% had recurrent pain. In the context of under ultrasound guide imaging, all literatures found that prick has been regarded as an effective tool in the management of primary myofascial pain syndrome. Under ultrasound guide helps prick locating trigger points with precision as well as inserting the needles accurately, which is likely to yield better results in terms of pain relief and muscle relaxation. As a result, combining acupuncture and under ultrasound guide are likely to be effective in the treatment of primary myofascial pain syndrome devoid of any invasive practices. Prick needling under ultrasound guide guidance among patients suffering from myofascial pain syndrome shows greater effectiveness both in terms of pain relief and enhancement of quality of life and in overall MPS management
Quorum Sensing Between Bacterial Communication and Neutralization to Reduce Bacterial Birulence
No full textOne of the important means by which bacteria communicate is the quorum sensing(QS) mechanism, which represents the essential point in starting their journey towards controlling the environment in which they exist through the formation of biofilms, the production of virulence factors, the production of internal and external enzymes, movement, reproduction, and spore formation. Therefore, this review sheds light on how bacterial QS occurs, forming genetic coding and the formation of the regulatory and receptor protein molecules responsible for this and their mechanism of action, to develop our strategy in our battle against mutations and resistance that occur in pathogenic bacteria as a result of the use of synthetic antibiotics and the search for natural chemical compounds extracted from plants that are effective in suppressing bacterial QS without affecting their growth, thus reducing the risk of developing resistance later, as well as getting rid of the toxicity of some drugs used in treatment
The Biochemical and Immunological Landscape of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Implications for Tissue Homeostasis
No full textChronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs) are a group of persistent conditions characterized by dysregulated immune responses and prolonged inflammation, contributing to tissue damage and systemic complications. These diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, disrupt tissue homeostasis through complex biochemical and immunological mechanisms. Key inflammatory mediators such as cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) and chemokines play crucial roles in sustaining the inflammatory state, leading to immune cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. Additionally, chronic inflammation is closely linked to alterations in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and the gut microbiome, further exacerbating disease progression. Immunologically, a persistent imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses leads to aberrant immune activation, autoimmunity, and fibrosis. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 and TGF-β play a crucial role in modulating immune tolerance and preventing excessive tissue damage. However, their dysfunction in CIDs contributes to chronic inflammation and impaired tissue repair. Advances in molecular diagnostics and biomarker identification, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and specific autoantibodies, have enhanced early disease detection and prognosis. Understanding the biochemical and immunological landscape of CIDs provides valuable insights into therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring tissue homeostasis. Emerging treatments, such as biologics targeting inflammatory cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and personalized medicine approaches, offer promising strategies for managing CIDs. This review explores the intricate biochemical and immunological pathways underlying chronic inflammation and highlights potential therapeutic targets to restore balance and improve patient outcomes
The Effect of a Strategy Based on the Theory of Serious Creativity on the Achievement and Development of Performance Skills Among Students of the Institute of Fine Arts
No full textThe Skill Based Education: In the face of rapid technological advancement in artistic disciplines like typographic design, skill, based education, is having the problem of adopting the right teaching strategies. Context: The results of the specific background indicate that the traditional teaching methods on typography falls short in creating structured creativity or boosting students’ practical performance. We found problems with obtaining typography skills by exploring role of experiences in exploratory surveys and identified limitations in existing pedagogy. Research gaps: There is a shortage of research on the application of the Theory of Serious Creativity in the enhancement of the performance skill in typography education. An attempt is made in this study to develop a teaching strategy according to Theory of Serious Creativity and the results are assessed on cognitive achievement and develop skill performance of the students of Institute of Fine Arts. Results: The experimental study, both with control and experimental groups, confirmed that the strategy had an great impact on typographic design skills and cognitive achievements of students. The combination of structured creative exercises, interactive teaching style and continuous feedback increased engagement and skill acquisition. Uniqueness: Unlike conventional pedagogical studies, this study provides the systematic step of theoretical learning supported by hands on application based on the principles of Serious Creativity. Conclusions: This suggests that the adoption of this strategy to typographic education would facilitate creativity and more effective learning of skills. The application of the study is recommended to be applied to test skill based learning further by training instructors in using the system and by expanding research to other artistic disciplines
Clinical and Immunological Characteristics of The Course of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children
No full textCommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be a major health challenge and a leading cause of child mortality globally, particularly in ecologically unfavorable regions. In Uzbekistan, environmental, socio-cultural, and infrastructural disparities exacerbate CAP prevalence among children, while viral-bacterial shifts post-COVID-19 complicate its clinical course. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, limited regional studies have explored cytokine profiles in young children with CAP, particularly in the Uzbek population of the Surkhandarya region, where genotyping and immune response data remain insufficient. This study aims to characterize the clinical features of CAP in children and investigate serum levels of IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, and interferons (α, β, γ), identifying their diagnostic and prognostic value.The study of 50 children revealed a predominance of acute clinical symptoms such as hyperthermia, dyspnea, and severe intoxication, accompanied by distinct cytokine imbalances, notably elevated IL-1β and IL-4 levels and significant shifts in interferon profiles, indicating a strong inflammatory response. This is the first immunogenetic investigation of pediatric CAP in the Surkhandarya region, highlighting the relationship between cytokine levels and disease severity, and offering a molecular perspective on the pathogenesis of CAP. Findings suggest cytokine profiling can inform early diagnostics, prognostics, and individualized immunomodulatory therapies, supporting improved clinical outcomes and rational antibiotic use in pediatric CAP
The Relation of The Diabetes and Periodontal Diseases
No full textPeriodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are prevalent chronic conditions with significant public health implications. Emerging research suggests a bidirectional relationship between the two, where diabetes exacerbates periodontal inflammation and vice versa. Clinical and microbiological evidence indicates that individuals with diabetes have increased susceptibility to periodontitis, and periodontal inflammation can impair glycaemic control. Despite the extensive body of literature, inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria, population heterogeneity, and evolving methods of glycaemic assessment complicate direct comparisons and hinder comprehensive understanding. This study aims to evaluate the interrelation between diabetes and periodontal diseases by synthesizing existing clinical, pathological, and microbiological findings to clarify the underlying mechanisms and the potential for therapeutic intervention. The review confirms that hyperglycemia leads to prolonged inflammatory responses, impaired healing, and altered immune function, which contribute to periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontal therapy, particularly non-surgical interventions, has been associated with modest but clinically meaningful improvements in HbA1c levels. Differences in oral microbiota, including elevated levels of P. gingivalis in diabetic individuals, further support a microbiological link. The synthesis emphasizes the reciprocal influence of both diseases, highlighting the role of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-1, and MMPs, and identifies the potential of periodontal care as an adjunctive strategy in diabetes management. These findings support integrating periodontal assessment and treatment into comprehensive diabetes care, encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration to mitigate the impact of both conditions and improve patient outcomes
The Immune System's Response to Breast Cancer and New Opportunities in Immunotherapy
No full textBreast cancer exists as one of the primary malignant diseases in females across the globe despite ongoing difficulties during its prevention and diagnostic stages and therapeutic cycles. Researchers have achieved major breakthroughs in cancer cell immunity during the last few years which resulted in the creation of new immunotherapeutic treatments. This article investigates how breast cancer triggers immune system molecular and biochemical responses through research of immune cells like T-lymphocytes and NK cells alongside macrophages while studying the effect of tumor microenvironment on these responses. The article examines how PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibitors function alongside monoclonal antibodies and CAR-T cell therapy as present-day immunotherapeutic methods. Although breast cancer belongs to the immunologic "cold" tumor group patients sometimes demonstrate beneficial reactions to new therapeutic methods. The clinical outcome and survival time for patients have been improved using combination treatments which link immunotherapy with standard treatments including chemotherapy and radiation. The implementation of immunotherapy requires resolving three main barriers that include autoimmune side effects and costly treatments and the issue of proper patient selection processes. The potential for future improvements in treatment results stems from genetic profiling with personalized immunotherapy combined with AI-based prediction systems. The article emphasizes the necessity of studying how immunotherapy treats different breast cancer subtypes specifically in Uzbekistan due to little published research in this area. The data shows why breast cancer treatment requires individualized treatment plans because they promote effective patient care and improved prognosis
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism of Development
No full textSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a condition that occurs in response to chronic hypocalcemia (low blood calcium levels) and is linked to a higher release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands. This disease is most often a compensatory reaction of the body to calcium deficiency caused by various pathologies, especially chronic kidney disease or impaired calcium metabolism. Methods. This review article compiles existing knowledge on SHPT in CKD. The authors conducted a literature search to identify relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals. The search strategy focused on keywords such as "secondary hyperparathyroidism," "chronic kidney disease," "calcium-phosphorus metabolism," "renal osteodystrophy," and "treatment." The retrieved articles were critically appraised to ensure their scientific merit and relevance to the topic (references to be added)
Detection of Neurotic Disorders in Irritable Bowel Syndrome And Study of The Effectiveness of Systematic Desensitization Therapy
No full textFunctional gastrointestinal disorders, particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), are significant challenges in modern medicine due to their prevalence and impact on quality of life. IBS affects approximately 10–20% of the global population and is often accompanied by anxiety-phobic disorders, which exacerbate the condition. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety-phobic disorders in patients with IBS and to evaluate the effectiveness of medical and psychological interventions. A cohort of 70 IBS patients aged 25–55 years was assessed at the Tashkent Medical Academy between 2022 and 2023. Diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory, and psychological evaluations using the ZR Ibodullaev questionnaire and HADS scale. Treatment protocols included psychotherapy, cognitive therapy, and self-training. Anxiety levels were assessed at baseline and after treatment. Results indicated a significant prevalence of anxiety-phobic disorders among IBS patients, with psychoemotional symptoms contributing to maladaptation and reduced work capacity. After treatment, the main group showed a marked decrease in clinical anxiety (from 9 to 3 patients) and an increase in anxiety-free individuals (from 4 to 24 patients). In contrast, the control group exhibited a moderate improvement. The findings highlight the critical role of psychoemotional factors in IBS pathogenesis and demonstrate that integrating psychotherapy with standard IBS treatment can effectively alleviate anxiety-phobic symptoms. This approach not only improves the psychosocial well-being of patients but also enhances their overall quality of life. Future research should focus on optimizing treatment protocols to address the biopsychosocial nature of IBS
Synthesis Nanoparticles of MgO as Adsorption Surface for Extraction and Separation of Crystal Violet Dye from Aqueous Solutions
No full textThis study included first the preparation of nano magnesium oxide, which was prepared by sol gel technique, its most important nano-properties were diagnosed and determined by conducting a set of analyses such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectra and surface area. After that, we used nano magnesium oxide particles to remove an organic dye in previously prepared aqueous samples, which is crystal violet (CV) dye. The adsorption method was used to remove the dye, the excellent adsorption capability was evaluated in the presence of a set of influential factors such as dye contact time, pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose for MgO, and temperature on crystal violet day. Different values of pH were taken and the best value to obtain an excellent adsorption capacity was pH = 10-12 and the best primary concentration of dye was 400 mg/l and the ideal temperature was 25 ºC while the appropriate dose of the adsorbent was equal adsorbent dose from(0.005 to 0.040 g) contact. The contact time sufficient for adsorption to occur was 120 minutes. In this study, it was proven that the adsorption process was an exothermic process and also the process was largely spontaneous through thermodynamic analysis and the material used to remove the crystal violet dye was excellently effective in aqueous solutions under suitable conditions. It was also found that the Langmuir isostatic model applies excellently to the adsorption process using nano magnesium oxide and that the quasi-second model is the model that the adsorption kinetics follows. Through this, we find that the internal diffusion of the particles plays an important and fundamental role in the adsorption process and thus removes this organic dye from aqueous solutions with very high efficiency