Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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High Cholesterol Diet and Its Effect on Lung Tissue and the Protective Role of Malva Parviflora Seed Extract in Male Albino Rats
No full textObesity, driven by high-fat diets, is a global health concern that contributes to various chronic diseases, including respiratory disorders. Despite extensive research, the impact of high-fat diets on lung tissue remains underexplored, particularly regarding potential protective interventions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet on lung tissue in male rats and assess the protective role of *Malva parviflora* seed extract and rosuvastatin. Thirty male rats, aged 8-10 weeks and weighing 210-230 g, were divided into six groups: a control group, a high-cholesterol diet group (3% cholesterol), a group receiving *Malva parviflora* seed extract (100 mg/kg body weight), a group receiving rosuvastatin (2 mg/kg body weight), a group fed a high-cholesterol diet and *Malva parviflora* seed extract, and a group fed a high-cholesterol diet and rosuvastatin. Histological analysis of lung tissue revealed significant fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the high-cholesterol diet group. Notably, rats treated with *Malva parviflora* seed extract exhibited a protective effect against lung fibrosis and inflammation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. In contrast, rosuvastatin did not demonstrate a protective role in preventing lung tissue damage induced by the high-cholesterol diet, either alone or in combination with the extract. These findings indicate that *Malva parviflora* seed extract may offer a novel approach to mitigating lung damage associated with high-fat diets, while the efficacy of rosuvastatin in this context remains questionable. This study highlights the need for further investigation into dietary interventions for lung health, particularly in the context of obesity and high-fat diets
Comparison Study for Stability Constants of Azo-dyes Produced from The Reaction of Tetracycline with Two Diazotized-reagents at Different pH
No full textOur research focused on a spectroscopic study of the stability constants of the formation of two azo dyes prepared from the reaction of tetracycline with two different diazotized reagents and at three acidic medias: acidic, neutral and basic, and at a constant temperature (288K). We studied the optimal conditions for each prepared azo-dye, as well as the optimal mole-ratios for its components, which were (1:1) for (drug: reagent)”.We determined the stability constants of the two prepared azo-dyes at the three acidic media and at the five temperatures (283, 293, 303, 313 and 323K). After that, we studied the factors that affect the values of its stability constants, which are; The effect of temperature: We calculated the stability constants at the five temperatures mentioned above, and it became clear from them that the formation reactions of azo-dyes are spontaneous and exothermic, from the negative values of(DG° and DH) respectively, and also the negative value of (DS°) supports the aforementioned.The effect of the pH-function: We found the stability constants for each of the prepared dyes at each pH and at different temperatures, so we obtained the values of the stability constants, which were evidence of the preparation of stable azo-dyes”.The effect of structures: It was found that the difference in the structural formula of the diazotized-reagent has a clear effect on the values of the stability constants for the formation of the prepared azo-dyes, and this was proven through the variation in the values of the stability constants”
The Value of Combination of Diffusion-Weighted Sequences and Dynamic Contrast MRI Study in Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions
No full textMRI, as defined, is a diagnostic imaging technique that employs the use of magnets and high-powered radio waves to analyses the internal structures of the body. The evaluation of breast tumours and the description of lesions that are not adequately observed by mammography or ultrasound. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of DW-MRI and ADC value in differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions when combined with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. A prospective analytic study was conducted on a cohort of women attending the MRI unit of the Radiology Department at Al-Imamein Al-Kadhimein Medical City in Baghdad between April 2018 and February 2019. All women were enrolled in the study prior to undergoing a biopsy, during which dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were performed. The image fusion of DCE-MRI with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map was employed to identify the region of interest (ROI) for ADC calculation in the area that demonstrated the most avid enhancement. DWI was acquired at the following b-values (0, 400, 800 sec/mm²). The mean age of the 38 patients was (39.83 ± 10.476) years, with a range of (16-62 years). Of the 46 lesions, 20 (43.5%) were identified as malignant, while 26 (56.5%) were classified as benign. The mean ADC value of all benign lesions was 1.585 ± 0.182 x 10⁻³ mm²/s, which was higher than the mean ADC of all malignant lesions (1.149 ± 0.214 x 10⁻³ mm²/s) (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, a notable distinction was observed between mass and non-mass-enhanced lesions in terms of mean ADC values. The mean ADC value for benign mass lesions was found to be (1.538 ±0.147 x10-3 mm2/s), while the mean ADC value for benign non-mass enhanced lesions was (1.785 ±0.087 x10-3 mm2/s). This difference was statistically significant (P-value 0.004)
Prevalence and Case Fatality Rate Among Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Patients in Iraq from 2021 to 2023
No full textCrimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), a zoonotic illness transmitted by ticks, has been present in Iraq since 1979. However, the incidence of CCHF has sharply increased since 2021, raising concerns about its public health impact. This study aims to estimate the prevalence and case fatality rate (CFR) of CCHF in Iraq for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023, and to examine the association of CFR with ribavirin administration and the interval between symptom onset and hospital admission. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 957 confirmed CCHF cases from across Iraq, excluding the Kurdistan region, with data provided by the Iraqi Communicable Disease Control Center. Results show a declining CFR of 47.4%, 19.5%, and 13.6% over the three years, with a statistically significant reduction in CFR (P=0.000). However, the study found no significant association between CFR and either ribavirin administration (P=0.422) or the interval from symptom onset to hospital admission (P=0.447). The findings suggest that while the CFR has significantly decreased, ribavirin administration and early hospital admission did not significantly influence patient outcomes during the study period. These results highlight the need for further investigation into other factors that may contribute to improving patient survival rates in CCHF cases
The Effectiveness of Sidr Leaf Extract (Ziziphus Spina-Christi ) Against Some Types of Microorganisms Isolated from UTI Patients
No full textStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the leading causes of urinary tract infections. These bacteria have also become resistant to antibiotics, and accordingly, attention has been directed towards medicinal plants as alternative treatments. Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina-christi against pathogenic bacteria. In this study, 100 samples were collected from urine from patients attending and lying in a hospital (Mosul Teaching Hospital - Public Health Laboratory) of various ages and genders for the period from December 1, 202 3 , to March 10, 2024, Preparation different concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 ) mg/ml of an alcoholic and aqueous extract of the Sidr plant. The results indicated that the number of isolates that showed positive growth was 57 out of 100 isolates distributed between S. aureus and P.aeruginosa. In contrast, the rest of the isolates showed negative growth. Laboratory tests were conducted on 26 of 50 samples positive for P. aeruginosa. The Gram-positive isolates included 31 isolates, with a percentage of (50%), S. aureus, out of a total of 50 isolates, and the Gram-negative isolates, with a rate of (50%), P.aeroginosia, out of a total of 37 isolates. At (25, 50, 75 and 100 ) mg/ml, the alcoholic extract recorded inhibition zone was (5.5, 10.12, 12.7, 15.55)mm and (6.77, 12.90, 17.77, 20.1) mm against P.aeruginosa and S.aureus respectively, while aqueous extract recorded inhibition zone (1.01, 2.22, 3.05, and 3.75) mm, against S.aureus. It was also observed that the cold aqueous extract had no inhibitory effect on P.aeruginosa isolates. Alcoholic extracts were more effective against both bacteria types than aqueous extracts for all concentrations
Analysis of Drugs Antihelmintic Properties in the Pharmaceutical Market of Uzbekistan
No full textThe article presents the results of the analysis of drugs with antihelmintic properties in the domestic pharmaceutical market. The object of research was the State Register of drugs, medical equipment and medical equipment approved for use in medical practice in the Republic of Uzbekistan. As a result of the analysis, the total number of registered drugs of this pharmacotherapeutic group was calculated, and conclusions were drawn on the share of producing countries, the form of the drug, and the nature of the active substance. Based on the results of the research, among the antihelmintic drugs registered in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the first place in terms of share is taken by the drugs produced in Uzbekistan, the second place by the drugs of foreign countries, and the third place by the drugs of the CIS countries. It was found that the average share of herbal medicines in the analyzed period among all mentioned medicines is 17.2%, the share of synthetic drugs is 76.2%, and the share of combined drugs is 6.6%. According to the form of the drug, it was found that antihelminth drugs are mainly produced in the form of a solid drug that is easy to drink and stable in storage. However, from 2019 to 2023, the share of drugs derived from plant raw materials and belonging to this pharmacotherapeutic group will decrease and the number of synthetic drugs will increase. Taking into account a number of side effects of synthetic drugs, the production and introduction of effective, stable and high-quality drugs with antihelmintic properties based on local plant raw materials has been proved to be relevant
Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, and Theoretical Studies of the Schiff Base Derivative of (4H-1,2,4-Triazole-3,5-Diamine) and Its Complexes With Co(II) & Cu(II) Ions
No full textSchiff bases are widely studied for their potential biological activities, particularly as antioxidants. This study synthesized a Schiff base derivative from (4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine) through condensation with o-vanillin and investigated its metal complexes with Co (II) and Cu (II) ions. Despite the known antioxidant properties of Schiff bases, there is limited information on their metal complexes' antioxidant and structural behaviors. The aim was to synthesize, characterize, and assess the antioxidant activity of the ligand and its metal complexes. The compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, mass spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility, and molar conductivity. DFT calculations using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) were performed for geometry optimization and energy gap analysis. The ligand exhibited significant antioxidant activity, while Co (II) complexes adopted a tetrahedral geometry and Cu (II) complexes a square planar geometry. These findings highlight the Schiff base's potential in antioxidant applications and contribute to understanding metal-ligand interactions
Study of the Sensitivity Patterns of Some Antibiotics to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Patients with Wounds in Nasiriyah City
No full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogen known for causing infections in hospitalized patients, particularly due to its multidrug resistance mechanisms, which significantly increase morbidity and mortality. The growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has severely limited treatment options, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates from wound infections in patients at Hussain Teaching Hospital, Nasiriyah, between February and September 2024. Out of 100 wound samples, 14 P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using biochemical, morphological, and culture analyses. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that most isolates showed high resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin, while imipenem was the most effective antimicrobial agent. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns and the need for alternative treatment strategies to combat drug-resistant infections
Knowledge-Related Crohn’s Disease among Nursing Students in the University of Baghdad, Iraq
No full textThis study aimed to assess the knowledge level regarding Crohn's disease among nursing students at the University of Baghdad, Iraq, as the research in this area is limited. The knowledge gap highlights the importance of understanding Crohn's disease to improve healthcare management in nursing. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 fourth-year nursing students using a validated questionnaire with 15 knowledge-based questions. The findings revealed a poor knowledge level among students, with a mean score of 0.30±0.443, indicating a need for enhanced educational interventions. The results show a significant association between prior knowledge and overall awareness (p < 0.05). These findings imply the necessity for revised educational programs in nursing schools, potentially incorporating targeted training and collaboration with the Ministry of Higher Education for improved disease management competencies
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Otitis Patients
No full textOtitis media is an inflammation of the cavity behind the eardrum. The inflammation may be acute or otitis with effusion, and it may also lead to chronic otitis media, the most important symptoms of which are severe pain, swelling, and redness, and it may lead to hearing loss. Two hundred swabs were taken from otitis media. Swabs obtained from patients were cultured on appropriate media such as McConkey and blood and then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After which bacterial characteristics appeared and were identified by Gram stain, light microscopy and biochemical tests, most notably mannitol fermentation, oxidase and catalase. To confirm bacterial species, Enterosystem 18 R and Vitek-2 compact were used. The results of this study showed that the number of bacteria isolated from both sexes amounted to 128 bacterial isolates, most of which were Staphylococcus aureus with 49 isolates. The results also showed that the antibiotic resistance of bacteria was relatively high among them, appeared that the Pseudomonas aerogenosa isolates were the most resistant to ciprofloxacin by a percentage of 63.15 %, while the Staph. aureus bacteria appeared more sensitive to the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin by a percentage of 61.22 %. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were the most sensitive to the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate by 91.83%, while Escherichia coli appeared more resistant to the antibiotic amoxicillin-clavulanate by 85.71%. While the P. aerogenosa appeared resistant by 3% Tetracycline antibiotics, where Strep. pneuminiae was the most sensitive with a percentage of 66.66% while all Enterococus spp. isolats sensitive 100% for Gentamycin Staph. aureus more sensitive 63.26% and P. aerogenosa 57.89%. The results during the study presented that the isolates of P. seudomonas, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococus spp. and E. coli carried the CTX-M gene