Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science
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Immunological Investigation of CD133 in Samples of Iraqi Colorectal Cancer Patients
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease that occurs when cells in the colon or rectum proliferate out of control. The biomarker CD133 has been found on the surface of CSCs in colorectal cancer. The overexpression of CD133 has been linked to a poor prognosis, decreased overall survival, and therapy resistance in colorectal cancer and a number of other tumor types. This study aimed to investigate the expression intensity of CD133 in colorectal cancer patients and evaluate the relationship between this marker and the clinic-pathological characteristics. Expression of CD133 was studied by using immunohistochemical test in paraffin blocks of colorectal cancer and normal tissues in patients who were referred to Kirkuk General Hospital, Azadi Teaching Hospital, and GIT & Hepatology Teaching Hospital. CD133 expression was detected in 32% of colorectal cancer cases, with varying intensities (25% strong, 50% moderate, 25% weak). Expression was predominantly observed in adenocarcinomas and in tumors located in the colon. CD133-positive cases were more frequent among males and older age groups. Associations were noted between CD133 expression and tumor grade, stage, and site. These findings suggest a potential link between CD133 and colorectal cancer progression. This study highlights the potential role of CD133 as a cancer stem cell marker in colorectal cancer. CD133 expression was associated with specific clinicopathological features, indicating its involvement in tumor progression and treatment resistance. The findings suggest that CD133 could serve as a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes with Correlation of Viral Load and Liver Functions in Diwaniya City, Iraq
No full textAim of the study: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits significant genetic diversity, influencing disease progression and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HCV genotypes and their association with viral load and liver function in patients from Diwaniya City, Iraq. Methods: A total of 96 HCV-positive patients were recruited from private clinics in Diwaniya City. Blood samples were collected for viral load and genotyping quantification using real-time PCR. Liver function tests, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin levels were assessed using an automated system. Results: Genotype 1a was the most prevalent (64.6%), followed by 1b (25%) and 4a (10.4%). A higher viral load was observed in males, although this difference was not statistically significant. A significant variation in viral load was found among different genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed a non-significant positive association between viral load and Liver function tests. Conclusion: Genotype 1a is the predominant HCV genotype in Diwaniya City. While viral load may influence liver function, further investigation is warranted to confirm this observation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of HCV epidemiology and clinical management in the regio
Identifying Key Risk Factors for Bell's Palsy and Insights from a Retrospective Analysis
No full textA cross-sectional descriptive study was designed, with all patients diagnosed with Bell's palsy in AL-Nasiriya from January 2022 to December 2024 being included in the study. The study population comprised 110 patients. The House-Brackmann scale, a well-established method for the classification of muscle functions, was utilised for the assessment of patient progression. This scale facilitates the evaluation of facial posture both at rest and during voluntary movement, in addition to the identification of any abnormal movements. The scale categorises dysfunction into six distinct degrees or categories, ranging from normal function to severe disability. The classification system utilised in this study is the House-Brackmann scale, a well-established framework for the categorisation of muscle function. This scale has proven to be a valuable tool for the management of patients, as it enables the evaluation of facial posture both at rest and during voluntary movement, in addition to identifying the presence of any atypical movements. The scale delineates six distinct categories or degrees of dysfunction, as outlined below: 1) Grade I: Normal, 2) Grade II: Mild, 3) Grade III: Moderate, 4) Grade IV: Moderately Severe, 5) Grade V: Severe, 6) Grade VI: Total Paralysis. The findings from this study revealed that individuals between the ages of 30 and 39 exhibited a frequency of 40% and a p-value of 33.33%, while those between the ages of 40 and 49 demonstrated a frequency of 44% and a p-value of 36.67%. 0-60 years: frequency 26, p% 21.67, BMI: 25-28: 30, p% 25.00, 29-31: 50, p% 41.67 and >31for 30 patients and p% 25.00, Sex: male: 60, p% 50, Female: 60, p% 50 Affected side: right: 60, p% 54.5. As demonstrated in Table 3, the logistic regression analysis enabled the identification of risk factors and the determination of the most influential factors. The factors that exhibited the greatest influence were identified as the affected side right CS 2.2 OI 1.55-3.6 with a P-value of <0.001 and the left CS 2.23 OI 1.44-3.44 with a P-value of <0.001. The presence of an interval exceeding two years was observed in 3.4% of cases, categorized as CS 3.4. The observed range of OI was 2.4-4.9, with a P-value of <0.001. The designation of Grade IV signifies severe dysfunction in patients. The mean CS score was 4.1, with an observed range of OI 2.7-6.9 and a P-value of <0.001. The designation of Grade V indicates minimal ability, with a mean score of 4.5 and an observed range of 3.8-6.6, both with a P-value of <0.001
Chewing Gum for The Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Female Patients
No full textPONV remains the most frequent side effect of general anesthesia which contributes significantly to patients’ dissatisfactions, complications and costs. Chewing gum potentially can be novel, drug free alternative for PONV . There is a big issue in modern anesthetic practices due to the consequences like unpredicted hospital admission, late work return to ambulatory people, dehydration, wound dehiscence and pulmonary aspiration. A holistic approach can be tried for the high request for ambulatory surgeries prior to and during surgeries for the prevention of PONV. We conduct trial of the efficacy of mint flavored chewing gum as a prophylactic measure to prevent PONV as a part of post anesthesia care. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. 88 female patients of age (37-62 years old) with volatile anesthetic according to general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be randomized. All randomized patients have grade 3 risk factor for PONV according to APFL score, 44 patients asked for chewing mint flavored gum after having grade 5 OAA/S score (respond to name in normal tone) and the other 44 patients conducted as a control group. Both groups had monitored for PONV for three hours in the postoperative period. In the chewing gum group, nine patients experienced PONV (20.5%), while nineteen patients of the control group had PONV (43.2%). The symbol * indicates a significant difference between percentages was determined by the Pearson Chi-square (χ²) test at a significance (0.05) and # the Student's t-test at a 0.05 significance level showing significant differences between two independent means. Chewing gum showed a prophylactic efficacy in managing PONV in female patients taking laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Further research with larger sample size and many kinds of surgeries are essential to investigate this therapy
Effectiveness of Royal Jell on Helicobacter Pylori Bacteria Isolated From Infected Patients
No full textThis project aimed to know the antibiotic effect of royal jelly produced by Apis mellifera bees against Helicobacter pylori bacteria isolated from infected people. Twenty samples that isolated from stomach infected patients by respiratory. Royal jelly showed an effective effect in inhibiting the bacteria. After knowing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the following concentrations were chosen (25, 50, 75)% with an average inhibition diameter of (20.00, 24.30, 30.60) respectively. The results showed that the inhibition effectiveness increases when royal jelly is used with the antibiotic clarithromycin at the same concentration, with an average inhibition diameter of (22.10, 28.60, 39.05). The antibiotic clarithromycin is currently used to treat stomach bacteria as part of the triple therapy used for stomach bacteria and ulcers. The effectiveness of royal jelly is due to its containing many active compounds, the most important of which is fatty acid, the most important of which is 10-HDA. (10-Hydroxy-trans-2-Decenoic Acid) which represents 80% of total fatty acids in royal jell and which was detected in this study using the HPLC apparatus High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Patients' irregularity in taking antibiotics leads to a decrease in the acidity of the stomach, which affects the effectiveness of the treatment. This in turn leads to making the bacteria more virulent and the possibility of bacterial mutations occurring at a high rate which made the medication ineffective Therefore, honey bee products are considered natural, do not cause genetic mutations or any bacterial resistance, and do not affect human health compere with antibiotic
Assessment of Knowledge, Behavior and Certain Medical Skills among Newly Graduated Physician
No full textProficiency for Medical profession comprises a set of skills, knowledge,and attitudes necessary to competency and efficiently accomplishes the practice ofmedicine, to face health needs of the community, also being capable of continuingmedical education. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess theknowledge, behavior and certain medical skills of newly graduated medical doctors. Subjects and Methods: Across-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals ofBaquba and Al-batul teaching hospitals at Baquba City. Junior's doctors with workexperience of six months to one year were eligible to participate in this study.Medical educational method in their Colleges and certain medical skills at DiyalaTeaching Hospitals and to assess senior’s opinions about knowledge, skills andbehavior of the studied juniors. Results:The study highlights a gender imbalance among junior doctors (69.56% female), with most aged 25–26 and predominantly graduates of Diyala University (78.26%), reflecting strong local influence. Traditional teaching methods dominate (89.13%), with limited adoption of modern techniques, potentially hindering critical thinking development. Opinions on the training system are split, with gender differences in perception. While juniors excel in basic skills like IV fluid management, gaps exist in advanced procedures like intubation (15.21%) and defibrillation (47.82%). Senior doctors generally view juniors positively but emphasize the need for mentorship and improvement in practical and theoretical competencies. Conclusions: The study concludedthat there is some disagreement of current traditional curriculum versus otherintegrated system and recommend enhancement to interactive sessions and otherinteractive strategy in medical education them
Synthesis, Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Of New 3,3'- ((1E,1'E) - ((4H-1,2,4-Triazole-3,5- Diyl) Bis (Azaneylylidene)) Bis (Methaneylylidene)) Diphenol With Some Transition Metal Ions
No full textTriazole-based compounds are widely studied due to their diverse biological properties, including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Schiff base derivatives of triazoles have garnered attention for their potential coordination with transition metals, enhancing their pharmacological efficacy. While several triazole-based ligands have been synthesized, their structural elucidation, biological evaluation, and coordination with metal ions such as Co(II) and Cu(II) require further exploration to establish their full therapeutic potential. Knowledge Gap: Limited studies provide a detailed correlation between the spectroscopic characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial effects of newly synthesized triazole Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes. This study aims to synthesize a novel Schiff base derived from 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde, characterize its structure using various spectroscopic methods, and evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities, both as a free ligand and in complexation with Co(II) and Cu(II) ions. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of a Schiff base with successful coordination to metal ions in a 1:1 stoichiometry. The ligand demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity, with lower DPPH scavenging efficiency than ascorbic acid. Antibacterial testing revealed moderate inhibitory effects against Klebsiella and E. coli, with enhanced activity in the metal complexes. This study introduces a novel triazole-derived Schiff base and its Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes, supported by comprehensive spectroscopic and biological analyses. The results suggest that metal complexation can improve the biological activity of Schiff base ligands, indicating potential applications in the development of new antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
Newcastle Disease Hemato-immune Reaction Following Immunization
No full textOne hundred unsexed Ross broiler chicks, one day old, were used in this experiment divided four groups as a control group, the first group (G1) was not immunized. The Newcastle Lasota strain was sprayed into the second group (G2) was revaccinated with drinking water with a second and third vaccine, third group (G3) was inoculated with the inactivated oil adjuvant vaccine via subcutaneous injection on the tenth day of the birds' age precede eye instillation attenuated live vaccine it is reinforced with live vaccine attenuated via drinking water, fourth group (G4) was administered the vaccine via eye instillation as a first vaccine then it was vaccinated with a second and a third with a live attenuated vaccine using the drinking water method. Newcastle antibody levels were determined using a hem agglutination inhibition (HI) test and an ELISA test for chick blood on 7, 14, and 28 days from all groups at the probability level (P 0.05), Hemoglobin inhibitory antibodies to the Newcastle antigen were significantly higher in the vaccinated groups (G2, G3, and G4) than control group (G1). When the vaccinated groups (G2, G3, and G4) were compared to the control group, the Newcastle antibody standard as determined by the ELISA test increased significantly (P 0.05). In terms of antibody levels as assessed by the agglutination inhibitor and ELISA tests, G3 did better than the other groups, followed by G4. White blood cell counts (WBC) (cells/mm3) and the ratio of Heterophils/Lymphocytes (H/L) were measured at 7, 14, and 28 days. When the vaccinated groups were compared to the negative control group, the rate of WBC increased significantly (P 0.05) and decrease the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes implies stress as substantial (P 0.05) which reflected positively on the birds' health. G3 was significantly superior of the amount of white blood cells at value 28.1 2 ± 0.1 2 , 32.11 ± 0.16 on 14, 28 days of age , as well as a considerable drop in the percentage of heterophil cells H/L. especially on 14, 28 days from age at value 0.21 ± 0.006 , 0.18 ± 0.007 respectively
The Optimization of Traffic Routing Systems using A Swarm Intelligence
No full textRoute optimization is one of the significant roles in ITS, as it enables dynamic changes in routes in real-time, based on traffic information. This would reduce travel time, decrease congestion, and minimize the environmental impact due to vehicle emissions. Many algorithms, particularly those inspired by nature, like the Ant Colony Optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization, Elephant Herding Optimization, Whale Optimization Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization, Shark Smell Optimization algorithms, have had success in enhancing efficiency in route optimization. These are all evaluated in hybrid forms here along with their independent forms to promote optimum traffic flow selection. The algorithms about the solution time, utilization of memory, iterations at which the solution was found as optimum, and iteration time of the best-iteration are implemented by using an artificial highway network that includes 15 nodes and 33 segments. This experimentation clearly illustrates how EHO is tending towards swiftness in finding an optimum at approximately 0.1042 seconds while still consuming minimal memory. The GWO_PSO hybrid algorithm had balanced performance in route optimization, efficiently lowering computation time and memory consumption. The present study shall contribute to further insights into selecting an appropriate algorithm for each optimization goal with regard to ITS by considering system efficiency and the reduction of environmental impacts
Unraveling the Genomic Landscape of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A Focus on Resistance Islands
No full textMultidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has developed into an alarming public health concern worldwide, especially in hospitals, where its ability to resist treatment leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we performed comprehensive characterizations of the genomic determinants and resistance mechanisms contributing to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae, with particular attention on resistance islands (RIs). RIs are genomic regions that contain multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, which is critical to the parasite adaptation mechanism to respond to antibiotic pressure. K. pneumoniae isolates undergoing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify and characterize RIs, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and mobile genetic elements, including transposons and integrons, associated with horizontal gene transfer. A comparative genomic analysis showed a diverse repertoire of RIs encoding resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. Importantly, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were commonly identified as vehicles for the dissemination of RIs, underscoring their crucial contribution to the rapid uptake of resistance determinants. Functional assays validated phenotypic resistance, correlating with genomic predictions. In addition, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a sufficiently high clonal diversity to highlight the complexity of MDR K. pneumoniae epidemiology and dynamics of resistance development. This study highlights the significance of genomic surveillance for detection of central resistance determinants in addition to monitoring the spread of MDR K. pneumoniae. Our results provide insight into RI architecture and mobility and inform targeted antimicrobial stewardship efforts and where to develop innovative therapies to counter this daunting pathogen