Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
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Current Status of Bacterial Wilt Disease in Plants
No full textBacterial wilt is a complex of diseases that occur in plants such as Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae (tomato, common bean, etc.) and are caused by the pathogens Erwinia tracheiphila, a gram-negative bacterium, or Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, a gram-positive bacterium. Cucumber and muskmelon plants are most susceptible, but squash, pumpkins, and gourds may also become infected. Erwinia tracheiphila is spread between plants by two species of insect vectors, striped cucumber beetles (Acalymma vittatum) and spotted cucumber beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata). The beetles acquire E. tracheiphila by feeding on infected plants, then carry the bacteria in their digestive tracts. The disease may be spread to susceptible plants through feeding wounds, by way of infected mouthparts or frass. The bacteria is capable of overwintering in the gut of its insect vectors. Bacterial wilt is a disease of the vascular tissue. When a plant is infected, E. tracheiphila multiplies within the xylem, eventually causing mechanical blockage of the water transport system. The first sign of infection, which appears about five days after acquisition, is the wilting of individual leaves on a single stem. However, the disease will soon spread down the runner and then infect the whole plant, causing it to shrivel and die. There is a diagnostic test for bacterial wilt that can be done in the field. The presence of the E. tracheiphila causes the sap to become a milky color and acquire a sticky consistency. If the stem is cut near the crown and the ends are slowly pulled apart, the sap should form a viscous string. Once a plant is infected, there is no way of stopping the spread of the disease. Some cucurbit cultivars are less susceptible than others, so it is beneficial to plant these cultivars. However, since wilt-resistant plants have not yet been developed, the most effective way to prevent the disease is to keep beetle populations at a minimum. While various methods of beetle control have been tested, the most effective preventative measure is to keep beetle populations as low as possible through careful field monitoring and insecticide sprays. Cultural control can also be effective, thus this means one should apply the direct methods
Improving the Protection Area Through Heliotechnics
No full textThis article discusses the improvement of security equipment, which is the basis of the activities of all organizations operating in the field of security, through the introduction of the use of solar technology to eliminate power outages and deficiencies
A Scientific Study of the Pollutants of the Environment
No full textEnvironmental pollutants are chemicals that have ended up in the environment as a result of human activities and that are hazardous to health. Environmental pollutants are compounds introduced in the natural environment causing adverse changes, for example, adversely affecting health or causing other types of damage. Among these, the pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides are of considerable interest since they have a large-scale use in agriculture. A pollutant or novel entity is a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource. These can be both naturally forming (i.e. minerals or extracted compounds like oil) or anthropogenic in origin (i.e. manufactured materials or byproducts from biodegradation). Pollutants result in environmental pollution or become public health concerns when they reach a concentration high enough to have significant negative impacts.A pollutant may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort, health, or property values. Some pollutants are biodegradable and therefore will not persist in the environment in the long term. However, the degradation products of some pollutants are themselves polluting such as the products DDE and DDD produced from the degradation of DDT.Pollution has widespread negative impacts on the environment.When analyzed from a planetary boundaries perspective, human society has released novel entities that well exceed safe levels
Improving Infrastructure and Transportation Systems Using Internet of Things Based Smart City
No full textGlobal Smart City initiatives are made possible by the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things. In every corner of the globe, people can participate in Smart City initiatives because to the Internet of Things' centralised infrastructure. Through enhancing infrastructure and transportation systems, decreasing traffic congestion, providing waste management, conserving energy, and enhancing the quality of human life, the services are reshaping cities. In this project, we are constructing a Smart Garbage System and a pollution monitoring System utilising Arduino with Extended Ports, which allows us to integrate the smart city prototype. The key benefits of the suggested architecture and their implications for the city will be discussed in the paper. New technologies can only be created if smart city security is strengthened. Smart City, it seems, is an investigation of the IoT and its technologies and capabilities
The Significance of Ancient and Medieval Sources in Studying the Cultural Heritage of Jizzak Oasis
No full textThis article provides an analysis of ancient and medieval sources for the study of cultural heritage objects of the Jizzakh oasis, as well as the analysis of scientific research carried out on this topic
Analysis of the Level of Development of the Sphere of Services in Uzbekistan
No full textThe service sector is a part of the economy that includes all types of commercial and non—commercial services: a consolidated generalizing category that includes the reproduction of various types of services provided by enterprises, organizations, as well as individuals. It is customary to include culture, education, healthcare, and consumer services in the service sector.
In this article highlights of analysis of the level of development of the sphere of services in Uzbekistan
Improving Agricultural Insurance Services
No full textTo improve agricultural insurance, it is proposed to attract a wide range of agricultural producers to the system of insurance of the results of their activities. The implementation of the developed recommendations will serve the development of the agricultural insurance system and increase the stability and efficiency of agricultural production
Complex of Anti-Erosion Measures to Increase the Efficiency of Irrigated Lands
No full textIn this article, anti-erosion measures to improve the efficiency of irrigated lands, which are the first in the conditions of typical gray soils subject to irrigation erosion, maintain and increase soil fertility in farming in accordance with the market economy, and reduce the negative effects of irrigation erosion information on the elements of irrigation techniques that reduce the consequences
Кишмишные Сорта Винограда
No full textВ статье представлены новые крупноягодные бессемянные сорта винограда, выведенные и выделенные на Центральной экспериментальной базе Самаркандской научно-опытной станции им.М.Мирзаева. Полученные сорта выведены при скрещивании крупноягодных семенных сортов с бессемянными.
Новые сорта отличаются высокими вкусовыми качествами, ранним сроком созревания. Сорт Кишмиш Самарканд имеет мускатный аромат во вкусе
Получения Суспендированных Npк-Удобрений На Основе Продуктов Азотнокислотного Разложения Фосфоритов, Аммиака И Хлорида Калия
No full textПоказана принципиальная возможность получения жидких суспендированных удобрений универсального действия на основе местного сырья, являющихся эффективным удобрением. Установлено, что с увеличением нормы азотной кислоты повышается воднорастворимые формы фосфора и кальция