Central Asian Journal of Theoretical and Applied Science
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Measuring the Risk Factors of Radionuclides and Their Radioactivity for Food Items Collected from Local Markets in the City of Hilla-Iraq
No full textIn this study, the concentration of natural radionuclide activity, risk factors, and annual effective dose in 18 samples of consumer food in the city of Hilla were calculated using a gamma-ray detector due to the high degree of accuracy in the spectroscopic measurement of the detector. The average activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U, and 40K were found to be 9.67±0.149, 6.08±0.145, and 220.21±0.895 Bqkg-1, respectively. The average radium equivalent activity in all samples was calculated as 36.87 Bqkg-1, which is less than the permissible limit of 370 Bqkg-1. The average values of the external risk indicators and internal risk indicators for the food samples were 0.10 and 0.12, respectively, which are less than unity in all models, which indicates that nutritional models are not harmful. The average gamma hazard index (Iγ) was determined to be 0.28. The average annual effective dose equivalent was calculated as 135.67 μSvy-1, It is less than the permissible limits recommended by the United Nations Committee on the Effects of Radiation. Radiation is 1000 μSvy-1. These results may be useful for creating a database to evaluate the concentration of natural radioactivity in foodstuffs consumed in the city of Hilla
Low-Cost Arduino LoRa Transmitter for Monitoring PV Systems
No full textThis study addresses the need for cost-effective supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems to monitor and control grid-connected inverter units and battery energy storage systems in remote photovoltaic (PV) plants. By leveraging Internet of Things (IoT) technology and open-source platforms, a novel SCADA model based on LoRa communication is proposed. This model integrates Arduino microcontrollers, LoRaWAN servers, and data visualization tools like Grafana to monitor and control PV system parameters. Through experimentation, it is demonstrated that the LoRa-based SCADA system achieves reliable long-range communication up to 15km with low power consumption. The system's effectiveness is validated by successfully collecting and analyzing data on PV and battery performance. Overall, this research presents a practical solution for affordable SCADA implementation in remote PV systems, addressing the growing demand for grid stability and energy cost optimization
A review of Water Quality and Pollution Assessment of the Euphrates River
No full textWater contamination is widely acknowledged as a serious environmental problem, largely due to the rapid rise of human civilization and inadequate management of water resources. Due to its detrimental effects on ecosystems and public health, river and lake contamination—caused by trash from industry, agriculture, and residential sources—has gained significant attention in environmental and conflict studies. The purpose of this review is to assess the environmental changes in water quality along the Euphrates River from its source at the border between Turkey and Syria to southern Iraq. Identifying seasonal fluctuations in chemical concentrations, evaluating variations in the physical and chemical qualities of water, and improving the water quality database for academics are some of the main goals. Iraq's rivers, such as the Tigris and Euphrates, have seen a decline in water quality because of untreated waste discharge and climate change. The effects of critical water quality parameters on aquatic life and agricultural appropriateness are assessed. These factors include temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, and the concentration of components including sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate. The review also looks at the hydrological and geological aspects of the Euphrates River, emphasizing the role of climate, groundwater, and rock formations. The construction of dams in Syria and Turkey has drastically decreased the river's discharge, making Iraq's problems with water quality worse. The study emphasizes the necessity of collaborative water management and environmentally friendly methods to lessen the negative impacts on the Euphrates River and guarantee the wellbeing of the region's population and ecosystems
The Inhibitory Effective Of The Aqueous And Ethanolic Extract Of The Pomegrannte Punicagrantum Fruit Covernd Fenugreek Trigonellfoenum-Greum Seeds Against Some Pathogenic Bacterial Species
No full textThe pomegranate, Punicagranatum, is considered as amagical, exclusive fruit grew on a colonisttree culturedall over the Mediterranean area. Pomegranate is useful in some medications1,2. In fact, P. garantumhad antimicrobialaction against a variety of Gram+ve and Gram-vebacteria. The constructions of Pomegranate is comprisingferrous salts.3. Fenugreek plant (the scientific name isTrigonellafoenum-graecum)which is used in variousmedications. The Fenugreek seeds extract is used to determine the antibacterial actionagainst: a variety of Gram+ve and Gram-ve bacteria.4. The fresh pomegranate extractwas prepared by methanol and distilled water (D.W) according to standard method. The pomegranateand bacterial specimens were kept in fridge at 4°C. The antibacterial action of all extracts was examined using the disc diffusion technique. The currentresearchdisplayedthat water and methanol pomegranate extracts hadantibacterial activity on the bacteria. Additionally, The current study established that there was substantialaction on the growth of a someGram+ve and Gram-ve bacteria. a great advantage of pomegranate extract in foods preserving. The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate extract is effective against dental bacteria giving chance to pharmaceutical usage in the herbal remedy.The phytocompounds in pomegranate extract comprising phenol, tannin and flavonoid as main effective compounds in the inhibition of bacterial growth. Additional studies are necessary to separate the active antimicrobial compounds in pomegranate and studying the mechanism of action.The aim of this research is to examine the antibacterial action of aqueous and methanolic extracts of thepomegranate extract and the Fenugreek extract against many pathogenic bacteria comparing with antibiotics Cloramphenicol (C), Erythromycin (E), Trimethoprim (TM), Ampicillin (AM), ofloxacin (OFX), Gentamicin (CN), Cefepime (FEP) and Nalidixic acid (NA
Assessment of Groundwater Recharge Under Changing Climatic Conditions in Alguwair Area, Northern Iraq
No full textWater resources in the Alguwair region of Northern Iraq are largely dependent on groundwater, making effective management critical, especially under changing climate conditions. This study applied the SWAT model to estimate groundwater recharge and assess its sensitivity to climate variability. The model was calibrated and validated using hydrological data, and sensitivity analysis identified key recharge parameters. Results showed that shallow unconfined aquifers receive an average annual recharge of 350 mm, while deep confined aquifers receive 500 mm, influenced by hydrogeological characteristics and aquifer connections. Recharge contributed 34.4%-37.9% of total rainfall from 2016-2023, suggesting watershed characteristics, rather than rainfall variability, drive recharge patterns. These findings highlight the SWAT model’s utility in predicting sustainable groundwater management and could inform water resource policies for the region
In-depth Exploratory Data Analysis of Global Surface Temperature: Uncovering Patterns, Anomalies, and Long-term Trends in Climate Data
No full textThis study addresses the increasing importance of understanding global surface temperature dynamics amid climate change. While existing research highlights significant temperature fluctuations, gaps remain in the comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal patterns. This research aims to conduct an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) using reputable datasets from NASA’s GISS and NOAA to uncover trends, anomalies, and correlations with external factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations and solar radiation. The methodology involves data cleaning, descriptive statistics, and time series decomposition, complemented by geospatial analysis and statistical tests. Key findings reveal notable regional temperature variations and long-term trends, effectively visualized through line plots, scatter plots, and heatmaps. The results enhance our understanding of temperature dynamics, providing valuable insights that can inform climate research and support policy decisions for environmental sustainability
A Computational Study of the Properties of Pure, Adsorbed, and Doped Zinc Oxide With Copper and Nickel Atoms
No full textZinc oxide (ZnO), a promising n-type semiconductor with hexagonal-layered structure, has attracted significant attention due to its versatile applications in optical and electronic devices, including field-effect transistors, nanogenerators, LEDs, laser diodes, and solar cells. Despite extensive research on pure ZnO, the effects of doping with transition metals like copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) on its electronic properties remain underexplored. This study investigates the electronic properties of pure ZnO, ZnO doped with Cu and Ni, and ZnO co-doped with Cu and Ni using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the GGA-PBE approximation (CASTEP). Results reveal that Cu and Ni preferentially adsorb above oxygen sites on the ZnO surface, altering its electronic structure. Pure ZnO exhibited a band gap of 1.68 eV with a bond length of 1.89 Å. Upon Cu adsorption, the gap reduced to 0.11 eV with a bond length of 1.97 Å, while Ni adsorption resulted in a 0.862 eV gap and a 2.03 Å bond length. Doping ZnO with Cu eliminated the band gap, making it conductive with a bond length of 1.888 Å, whereas Ni doping narrowed the gap to 0.369 eV with a bond length of 1.85 Å. These findings underscore the potential of Cu- and Ni-doped ZnO for enhanced electronic applications by tuning the band gap, paving the way for advances in nanoscale device engineering
Maximum Power Point Tracking Dual Axis Solar Panel Using Arduino UNO
No full textRenewable energy is the only way to reduce global energy shortages. Solar is a high-yield renewable resource. Solar energy is becoming a major renewable energy source. Modern technologies include solar heating, photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants, and artificial photosynthesis utilise solar light and heat. We represented the Dual Axis Solar panel with a 10W, 21V, 0.57 solar panel. We built a solar panel framework. Crafting the framework using cardboard cuts project costs. Trackers point solar panels at the sun. These devices rotate to follow the sun to maximum energy capture. Solar trackers can boost electricity generation by a third or even 40% in some countries compared to fixed-angle modules. When modules are constantly adjusted to the optimal angle as the sun moves, solar conversion efficiency improves. This paper designs an Arduino UNO-based Dual Axis Solar Tracking system to move solar panels toward maximum sunlight. The fixed solar system could maximise solar panel production by improving efficiency. LDRs send a signal to the Arduino UNO, which sends it to the servo motor connected to it, which positions the Axis Solar Panel in the sun's direction. This allowed Arduino UNO to track dual-axis solar panels with maximum power. Our technology is more efficient, small, low-cost, and easy to use.  
High Zinc Deficiency Linked to Increased Risk of Preterm Birth in Iraq
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between maternal blood zinc levels and preterm birth outcomes. Recognizing that zinc deficiencies in pregnant women correlate with various pregnancy complications, this research aimed to clarify zinc's impact on preterm delivery. Using a case-control design, zinc levels were measured via spectrophotometry in 138 pregnant women, including 76 who delivered prematurely and 62 who delivered at term, at Abi Ghraib General Hospital from February 2018 to September 2019. Results indicated a significantly lower average blood zinc concentration in the preterm group (39.62 µg/dL) compared to the term group (59.81 µg/dL) (P < 0.001). Additionally, women experiencing membrane rupture had lower zinc levels (43.06 µg/dL) than those who did not (50.46 µg/dL) (P = 0.01). No significant correlation was found between zinc levels and parity (P = 0.634). The study highlights the critical prevalence of zinc deficiency among expectant mothers and suggests that addressing micronutrient deficiencies through targeted nutritional interventions could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes
Bioactive of Adiponectin in Metabolic Diseases a Review Article
No full textThe current study demonstrates adiponectin role in pathogenesis also as a biomarker diagnostic indicator with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance( IR). Adiponectin is Lipoprotein secreted by adipocytes ,chemical structure of protein adiponectin contains 244 amino acids four domains , amino terminal peptide signal followed species _specific ,, collagen-like The variable space region 22 Gly-X-Y repeat, globular carboxbyb_ terminal domain binds to adiponectin receptor, which resembles complement factor C1q and a triangle-like topology for T.N.F levels of several adipokines (including adiponectin) leads to an increase in body weight and tends to act in a pro-inflammatory manner. On other hand, the concentration of adiponectin decreases in obese subjects. Adipokine works a suppress inflammation Processes,. Clinical research articles indicate low concentrations of adiponectin may be involved in the increase in obesity-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and insulin resistance. current article concerned with influence of adiponectin protein at insulin resistance ,metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid disorders associated with obesity .